Law 3220 Exam 1 Study Guide Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest Update, Exams of Advanced Education

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Law 3220 Exam 1 Study Guide Questions

with 100% Correct Answers | Verified |

Latest Update

Stateiandifederalicourtisystemsihave:i-iCorrectiAnswer- Lowericourts:iCourtsiofiOriginaliJurisdiction AppellateiCourts:iCourtsiofiAppellateiJurisdiction Lowericourts:iCourtsiofiOriginaliJurisdictioni-iCorrectiAnswer-- Disputesiareiinitiallyibrought

• Sometimesireferreditoiasitrialicourts
• Lookiatiissuesiofifact AppellateiCourts:iCourtsiofiAppellateiJurisdictioni-iCorrectiAnswer-- Whereilowericourtidecisionsiareireviewed
• Lookiatiissuesiofilaw FederaliJudgesi-iCorrectiAnswer--NominatedibyitheiPresidentiofitheiU.S.
• ConfirmedibyiaimajorityivoteiiniU.S.iSenate.
• Enjoyiailifetimeiappointment.

MayibeiremovedifromiofficeionlyiifiCongressiimpeachesithemiforibadibe haviori(evidenceiofibribery,itreason,ioriothericrimes)

StateiJudgesi-iCorrectiAnswer-chosenibyivarietyiofimethods:

• Electedibyitheipeople.
• Appointedibyitheistateibariassociationiand/iorigovernor.
• Mixtureiofibothimethods. SCiStateiJudgesi-iCorrectiAnswer--electedibyitheiGeneraliAssembly
• Serveiaifixeditermiofiyearsi(unlikeifederalijudges)
• SCiCircuitiCourtijudgesi-i 6 iyeariterm
• SCiSupremeiCourtijudgesi-i 10 iyeariterm JudicialiImmunityi-iCorrectiAnswer- Aijudgeiisiabsolutelyiimmuneifromisuitiforidamagesiforijudicialiacts. JudicialiImmunityi-iCorrectiAnswer-- Protectsijudgesifromibeingisuedibyiunhappyipartiesitoilawsuits.i
• Protectsiagainstiundueiinfluenceionijudicialidecision-making.

Extendsitoipartiesiwhoiperformiservicesirelativeitoitheiperformanceiofij udicialifunctionsi(e.g.,icourt-appointedicollector).

• Hartsoeiv.iChristopher,i 296 iP.i3di 1186 i(2013). typesiofiJurisdictioni-iCorrectiAnswer-original

appellate general limited originalijurisdictioni-iCorrectiAnswer--Juryiorijudgeidecision

• Hearsicasei1st
• Assessesiatifactsiandiappliesilawiappropriately appellateijurisdictioni-iCorrectiAnswer-- Noijuryi(generallyi 3 ijudgeireview)
• Hearsicaseioniappealifromilowericourt
• Reviewsiwhetheritheilawiwasiappliediappropriately generalijurisdictioni-iCorrectiAnswer- Judgeihearsiaibroadispectrumioficases limitedijurisdictioni-iCorrectiAnswer- Judgeihearsionlyispecificitypesioficases federalidistricticourti-iCorrectiAnswer--Courtsiofioriginalijurisdictioni
• Juryiorijudgei
• Lookiatifacts
• Federalitrialicourtsialsoiuseijudicialiofficersicalledimagistrates

U.S.iCourtiofiAppealsi-iCorrectiAnswer-- 12 icircuits

• 3 ijudgeipanelsidealiiniissuesiofilawiandireviewimostidecisions
• HearingiEnibanc:iAlliactiveijudgesiiniaicircuitiwilliaiheariaicasei(rare). Limitedijurisdictionicourtsi-iCorrectiAnswer-- U.S.iBankruptcyiCourtsi(Fed.ibankruptcyiissues).
• U.S.iCourtiofiFederaliClaimsi($$$iclaimsiagainstifeds).
• U.S.iCourtiofiInternationaliTradei(Int'licustomsiissues).
• U.S.iTaxiCourti(TaxidisputesiagainstitheiIRS).
• CourtiofiAppealsiforitheiFederaliCircuit CourtiofiAppealsiforitheiFederaliCircuit:iTakesiappealsifrom:i- iCorrectiAnswer--Patent,itrademarkiandicopyrighticases
• U.S.iCourtiofiFederaliClaims
• U.S.iCourtiofiInternationaliTrade U.S.iBankruptcyiCourtsi-iCorrectiAnswer-Federalibankruptcyiissues U.S.iCourtiofiFederaliClaimsi-iCorrectiAnswer-$$$iclaimsiagainstifeds U.S.iCourtiofiInternationaliTradei-iCorrectiAnswer- internationalicustomsiissues

U.S.iTaxiCourti-iCorrectiAnswer-TaxidisputesiagainstitheiIRS TheiU.S.iSupremeiCourti-iCorrectiAnswer--Highesticourtiinitheicountry

Appellateireviewi(thoughicanibeicourtiofioriginalijurisdictioniiniveryifewi circumstances)

• Casesiusuallyiheardibyialli 9 ijustices
• Receivesithousandsiofipetitionsieachiyear TheiU.S.iSupremeiCourtireviewsicasesifromi-iCorrectiAnswer-- U.S.iCourtsiofiAppeals
• HighestiCourtsiofitheiStatesi(ifiFederaliQuestioniatiissue)

MasterpieceiCakeshopiv.iColoiCiv.iRightsiComm'n,i 138 iS.iCt.i 1719 i(2018) . TheiU.S.iSupremeiCourtireviewiisithroughi-iCorrectiAnswer- WritiofiCertiorari MasterpieceiCakeshopiv.iColoiCiv.iRightsiComm'n,i 138 iS.iCt.i 1719 i(2018) .i-iCorrectiAnswer- Comm'niviolatedi1stiAmendmentiFreeiExerciseiclauseibecauseiitsitreat mentiofibaker'sicaseidisplayedicleariandiimpermissibleihostilityitowards ihisisincereireligiousibeliefs.

ifiWritiofiCertiorariiisinotigranted,i-iCorrectiAnswer- lowericourtidecisioniisifinal. StateiTrialiCourti-iOriginaliJurisdictioni-iCorrectiAnswer-- Whereicaseiisifirstiheard;idealsiiniissuesiofifact

• UsuallyicallediDistrictiCourti(ButiiniSC,iisicalledithei"CircuitiCourt") Specialty/iLimitediCourtsi-iCorrectiAnswer- Ex:iProbate/iSmalliClaims/iFamilyiCourt/iCriminaliCourt StateiCourtiofiAppealsi-iCorrectiAnswer- hearsiappealsifromilowericourtsioniissuesiofilaw StateiSupremeiCourti-iCorrectiAnswer- HearsiappealsifromiStateiCourtiofiAppealsioniissuesiofilaw RulesiofiCiviliProcedurei-iCorrectiAnswer-- FederaliRulesiofiCiviliProcedure:iGovernitheiprocedureiofitheilitigationip rocess.
• Onlyigovernitheicivilisideiofilitigationi- inoticriminali(whichihasiaidifferentisetiofirules). FederaliRulesiofiCiviliProcedure:iGovernitheiprocedureiofitheilitigationip rocess.i-iCorrectiAnswer--Pleadings

• Discovery
• TrialiProcedures Jurisdictioni-iCorrectiAnswer- Rightiofiaicourtitoiheariandidecideitheicase. SubjectiMatteriJurisdictioni-iCorrectiAnswer- Courtsineedijurisdictionioveritheisubjectimatteriofitheicase PersonaliJurisdictionioriPJi-iCorrectiAnswer- Courtsineedijurisdictionioverieitheridefendantioridefendant'sipropertyii nvolvediinitheicase Ifiaicourtihearsiaicaseiwithoutiproperijurisdictioni-iCorrectiAnswer- itiisijudgmentinulliandivoidiandicaseimustibeitriediagain. plaintiffi-iCorrectiAnswer- hasiburdeniofifilingitheiricaseiinitheiproperisubjectimatteriandipersonalij urisdiction. Federalicourtsihaveisubjectimatterijurisdictioniif:i-iCorrectiAnswer-- U.S.iConstitutionaliissueiisiinvolved,i
• U.S.iisiaipartyitoitheisuit.

Katziv.iUnitediStatesi(1967)i-iCorrectiAnswer- KatzisueditheiFBIiafteriheiwasiconvictediofiillegaligamblingiafteriaicallihei madeiwasirecordedioniaipublicipayiphone.iOniappealiheiwonibasedionie xpectationiofirightiofiprivacy. Caseiinvolvesicitizensiofidifferentistates:i-iCorrectiAnswer-- Diversityioficitizenshipi[plaintiffi&idefendantiresideiinidifferentistates]ia nd

• AmountiiniControversyi>i$75,
• Noi$iamountineedediforicasesiinvolvingifederaliquestions*** SubjectiMatteriJurisdictioni[SMJ]:iStateiCourts Aiparticularicourtimayiresolveiaiparticularisubjectimatter:i- iCorrectiAnswer--ProbateiCourt:iWillsi&iTrustsiissuesi
• Domestic/FamilyiCourt:iDivorces,iChildiCustody

SmalliClaimsiCourt:iLimitediclaimsiofiusuallyi$5000ioriless,isometimesiu pitoi$10,000iwillibeiheard. SubjectiMatteriJurisdictioni[SMJ]:iStateiCourts Ifithereiisinotiaiparticularisubjectimatteriinvolvedithatiwouldibeidelegat editoiaispecificicourt,icaseiwilligoitoiaigeneralistateitrialicourt:i- iCorrectiAnswer--Contractidisputes

• Realipropertyiissues
• Civil/iTortiissues

PersonaliJurisdictioni[PJ]: Jurisdictionioveritheipersoni(IniPersonamiJurisdiction),iusuallyithrough:i

• iCorrectiAnswer--Residencyiofidefendant
• Defendantidoingibusinessiinitheistate
• Defendantisubmitsitoitheijurisdictioni(purposefullyiinitheistate) PersonaliJurisdictioni[PJ]: Outiofistateidefendantsi-iCorrectiAnswer-- Jurisdictioniisimuchimoreidifficultitoiget.
• Tryitoiserveithemiwithitheiprocessiwhileitheyiareiinitheistate.
• Long-armiStatutes

Amazon.comiisisubjectitoijurisdictioniinialli 50 istatesibecauseiitidoesibusi nessieverywhereiinitheicountry.

• Blimkaiv.iMyiWebiWholesalers,iLLC,152iP.i3di 594 i(2007). longiarmistatutesi-iCorrectiAnswer--Aimediatinon-residentidefendants.

Permitsiaistate'sicourtsitoireachibeyonditheistate'siboundariesiforijurisdi ctionioverinon-residents..

• Courtsiprimarilyihaveijurisdictioniovericorporationsiwhen:
• Courtiisiinitheistateiwhereicorporationiisiincorporated.
• Courtiisiinitheistateiwhereicorporationihasiheadquarters.

• Courtiisiiniaistateiwhereicorporationiisidoingibusiness. Iniremijurisdictioni-iCorrectiAnswer-jurisdictionioveriproperty Whereidefendant'sipropertyiisilocatedicreatesi-iCorrectiAnswer- jurisdiction Whetheritheidefendantiisipersonallyiwithinitheijurisdictioniisi- iCorrectiAnswer-irrelevant Tangibleipropertyicreatesi________ i.eirealiestate,ipersonaliproperty.i-iCorrectiAnswer-iniremijurisdiction Intangibleipropertyialsoicreatesi_______ i.e.ibankiaccounts,istocks.i-iCorrectiAnswer-inirem Federalicourtsihaveiexclusiveijurisdictionioveri-iExamples:i- iCorrectiAnswer--Federalicrimes
• Federalibankruptcyi
• Patentsi
• Copyrights
• Federaliquestions

Stateicourtsihaveiexclusiveijurisdictionioveri-iExamples:i- iCorrectiAnswer--divorce

• adoption Bothistatei&ifederalicourtsihaveiconcurrentijurisdictioniwhen:i- iCorrectiAnswer--Diversityioficitizenshipi&i>i$75Kidamages
• FederaliissueinotiexclusiveitoitheiFederaliCourts Ifi________i_________iexists,iplaintiffimayibringisuitiinieithericourtisyst em.i-iCorrectiAnswer-concurrentijurisdiction Ifiplaintiffichoosesitoifileiinistateicourt:i-iCorrectiAnswer- Defendantihasirightitoiremoveicaseitoifederalicourt. Ifiplaintiffifilesisuitiinidefendant'sihomeistateicourt:i-iCorrectiAnswer- Defendanticannotimoveicaseitoifederalicourt. Whenithereiisidiversityioficitizenship,ianditheicourtihearingitheicaseiisiaif ederalicourt,ishouldiitiapplyifederalilawioritheistateilawiwhereitheicaseic ouldibeiheard?i-iCorrectiAnswer-- Rule:iFederalicourtsimustiapplyiproperistateilaw.
• ErieiRailroadiCo.iv.iTompkins,i 304 iU.S.i 64 i(1938) ConflictiofiLawi-iCorrectiAnswer- Wheniincidentsirelateditoiaicaseitakeiplaceiinimoreithanioneistate.

Rulesivaryioniwhichiruleiofilawitoiapply:i-iCorrectiAnswer-- Inicontracticases,ilawsiofistateiiniwhichicontractiwasimadeiwillibeiapplie d.

• Initorticases,ilawsiofistateiwhereitortitakesiplaceiwilliapply. GeneraliRuleiwheniApplyingiAppropriateiLawiiniStateiCourti- iCorrectiAnswer- Theistateiwithitheimostisignificantiinterestsiwillibeitheistateiwhoseilawii siapplied. venuei-iCorrectiAnswer- Appropriateigeographicalilocationiwhereilawsuitiisiheard. ifichangeiofivenueiisigrantedi-iCorrectiAnswer- caseiwillibeiheardiinitheisameicourtisystemibutiiniaidifferentigeographic alilocation. Inicontroversialioriwell- publicizedicases,idefendantsiwilliaskiforichangeiofi_______i- iCorrectiAnswer-venue Doctrineiofiforuminoniconveniensi-iCorrectiAnswer- Eitheripartyimayirequestiaichangeiofivenueitoiaimoreiconvenientilocatio nithaticouldihearitheicase.iCourtiwilliconsiderisuchiissuesias:

• Whereiactionsioficaseitakeiplace.
• Whereiwitnessesiareilocated. plaintiffi-iCorrectiAnswer-Filesitheicomplainti(1stipleading) defendanti-iCorrectiAnswer- Mustiresponditoicomplaintiandiultimatelyidefendithemself. Prosecutori(Criminalicasesionly)i-iCorrectiAnswer- Attorneyiwhoirepresentsitheistateiiniaicriminalitrial. judgei-iCorrectiAnswer- Moderatoriofitheicourtroomirules;imayigrantiaijudgementi(ifinoijury). juryi-iCorrectiAnswer- Listen,iobserve,iandiultimatelyidetermineiaiverdict. pleadingsi-iCorrectiAnswer- Formalistatementiofitheicauseiofianiactionioridefense. 1stiPleading:iComplainti-ifiledibyiPlaintiff (DocumentsiNeeded)i-iCorrectiAnswer--FactsitoiestablishiSMJiandiPJ
• Factsirelateditoitheicomplaint.

• Requestiforiremedy(ies) Defendantimustiresponditoi_______i-iCorrectiAnswer-complaint MotionitoiDismissi(Demurrer)i-iCorrectiAnswer- Ex.:iDefendanticlaimsicourtidoesinotihaveijurisdictionitoihearitheicase. Answeri-iAdmit/iDenyiFactsi-iCorrectiAnswer- Ex:iDefendantiadmitsitheyihaveinotiprovidedievidenceiofianiappraisalire portioriinitialidamagesiofitheidamagediPicassoipainting,iLaiReve,itoiplain tiffs. Counterclaimi-iAgainstiPlaintiffi-iCorrectiAnswer- Ex:iDefendantiadmitsitheyihaveinotiprovidedievidenceiofianiappraisalire portitoidate,ibuticlaimsiPlaintiffihasinotigivenithemitheirequiredi 160 iday siallowanceiofitimeitoidoisoiunderitheisaleicontractiandithereforeidefen dantiseeksiattorney'sifeesiandidamagesiforihavingitoiresponditoithisifriv olousiclaim. Replyi-iPlaintiffimustireplyitoianyiCounterclaimi-iCorrectiAnswer- Ex:iPlaintiffirespondsithatialthoughiaicontractiwasidrawniwhichidesignat ediai 160 idayiallowance,inobodyisignediitiandiitiisithereforeinotivalid. discoveryiphasei-iCorrectiAnswer-toolsitoiobtainievidence

depositioni-iCorrectiAnswer-Sworn,iin- personitestimonyiofiaiwitnessirecordedibyiaicourtireporter. interrogatoriesi-iCorrectiAnswer- Writteniquestionsisubmittedibyiaipartyitoitheiotheripartyioriaiwitnessiw hichiareianswerediandisignediasitruthiunderioath. expertiwitnesses:iuseditoiestablishi-iCorrectiAnswer-- Value/iCostiofiproperty

• Scientificievidence
• Medicaliknowledge
• Barabiniv.iAstenjohnson,iInc.,i 700 iF.i3di 428 i(2014) DaubertiHearingi-iCorrectiAnswer- Useditoiestablishiwhetheriani"expertiwitness"iisiaiqualifiediexpert. OrderiforiProductioniofiDocumentsi(examples)i-iCorrectiAnswer- Emails,imedicalibills,ibusiness,irecords,ietc. RequestiforiAdmissionsiofiTruthi-iCorrectiAnswer- Writtenirequestsiforiadmissioniofitruthifromiotheripartyiiniorderitoielimi nateiunnecessaryiissuesiatitrial. RequestiforiMental/iPhysicaliExaminationsi-iCorrectiAnswer- Orderiaipartyitoisubmititoianiexam.

Sanctionsi(punishment)iforifailureitoiresponditoidiscoveryirequests:i- iCorrectiAnswer--defaultijudgement

• contemptioficourt defaultijudgementi-iCorrectiAnswer-automaticivictoryitoiotheriparty contemptioficourti-iCorrectiAnswer-jailitimeiorifines SummaryiJudgmenti-iCorrectiAnswer-- Canibeirequestedibyioneipartyiatitheicloseiofidiscovery.

Noigenuineiissueiofimaterialifactiandiifiyouiapplyitheilawiproperly,ithatip artyishouldiautomaticallyiwin. PretrialiConferencei-iCorrectiAnswer--Attorneysiandijudgeiattend

• Simplifyiissues/iplanicourseiofitheitrial
• Judgesigetipartiesitoidropicertainipartsioficase
• Judgesiofteniencourageipartiesitoireachiout-of-courtisettlement juryiselectioni-iCorrectiAnswer-- Rightitoiaijuryiinicertainicasesi(alwaysiiniaicriminalicase)

-

Selectioniofijuryiinvolvesivoiridireitoitryitoigetitoianiunbiasedijuryi(gener allyi12).

Attorneysiallowedilimitedinumberiofichallengesitoirejectiprospectiveijur ors OpeningiStatementsi-iCorrectiAnswer- Madeibyiattorneysitoiintroduceiwhatitheyiplanitoiofferiasievidenceiandi witnessesitoimakeitheiricase. PresentationiofiDirectiTestimony/iEvidencei-iCorrectiAnswer- DirectiExam,iCrossiExam,iRedirect,iRe-Cross closingiargumentsi-iCorrectiAnswer- Summationiofitheicase.iLastichanceitoimakeiaicaseionibehalfiofiyouriclie nt. instructionsitoijuryi-iCorrectiAnswer-givenibyitheijudge motioniforidirectediverdicti-iCorrectiAnswer- madeibeforeicaseigoesitoijury verdictiinicivilicasei-iCorrectiAnswer- Preponderanceiofitheievidencei(tipiofitheiscale)

verdictiinicriminalicasei-iCorrectiAnswer-beyondiaireasonableidoubt JudgementiNotwithstandingiVerdicti-iCorrectiAnswer- Madeiafteriverdictiannouncediaskingijudgeitoichangeijuryiverdictiifiitiisic learilawiwasiappliediimproperly. monetaryidamagesi-iCorrectiAnswer-compensatory punitive equitableiremidiesi-iCorrectiAnswer-specificiperformance injunction specificiperformancei-iCorrectiAnswer- Requireioffendingipartyitoidoiwhatitheyihadipromised. injunctioni-iCorrectiAnswer-Directisomebodyitoidoiorinotidoisomething. permanentiinjunctioni(examples)i-iCorrectiAnswer- E.g.:iEstablishipermanentichildisupportipayments. temporaryiinjunctioni-iCorrectiAnswer- E.g.:iStopisomebodyitemporarilyifromicuttingidowniailargeitreeithatihasi

growniupipartiallyioni 2 idifferentipropertiesiuntilicourtideterminesiwhoi hasirightsitoitheitree. appellateistagei-iCorrectiAnswer-appealibasedionierroriofilaw appellateistageistepsi-iCorrectiAnswer--Argumentsibeforeitheicourt

• WritteniBriefs
• OraliArguments
• Decisionsibyitheicourt
• Outcomesiofidecisions decisionsibyitheicourtiiniappellateistagei-iCorrectiAnswer- majorityiopinion concurringiopinions dissentingiopinions outcomesiofidecisioniiniappellateistagei-iCorrectiAnswer-affirm modify reverse remand ifinoifurtheriappealiisiavailable,i-iCorrectiAnswer- judgementibecomesifina

enforcementiofijudgementiisithroughi-iCorrectiAnswer-writiofiexecution Courtiordersianiofficiali(i.e.isheriff)itoisatisfyijudgmentithroughianiacti(e xamples)i-iCorrectiAnswer-suchiasiseizureiofiproperty,igarnishment,ietc. arbitrationi-iCorrectiAnswer--mostiwidelyirecognizediformiofiADR

• fasterithanihavingiaitrial
• 3rdineutralipartyioripaneli(usuallyianiexpert)iisitheiarbitrator
• partiesiagreeionithisiinitheicontractioriduringiailateridispute statesiagreementitoiarbitrateimustibeiupheld.i-iCorrectiAnswer- FederaliArbitrationiActi(FAA) Arbitrator'sidecisioniisibinding,ifinal,iandigenerallyinoti__________i- iCorrectiAnswer-appealable Errorsiofifactiorilawiareinotireviewableioniappeal. exceptions:i-iCorrectiAnswer- Evidenceioficorruption,ifraud,iseriousiproceduralimisconduct,iexceedin gipower. Negotiationiiniappellateistagei-iCorrectiAnswer-- LeastiformaliformiofiADR

• Partiesidecideitoisettleimatteribetweenithemselves.
• Ofteniuseilawyersiorirepresentatives,ithoughinotirequired.

Negotiatedisettlementiisiusuallyidraftediintoiaicontract,iwhichiisienforc eable,ilikeiothericontracts,ibyitheicourts. mediationi-iCorrectiAnswer-- 3rdineutralipersoni(mediator)iassistsitheipartiesiofitheidispute.

• Partiesimutuallyidecideioniairesolution.
• Mediatorimakesisuggestions.
• Mediator'sisuggestionsiareinotibindingionitheiparties.
• Partiesimayigoitoitrialiifithisidoesn'tiwork. mediationiprocessiisi-iCorrectiAnswer-confidential CommerceiClausei-iCorrectiAnswer-- Congressihasipoweritoi"RegulateiCommerceiwithiforeigniNationsiandia mongitheiseveraliStates,iandiwithitheiIndianiTribes."i(A.I,iSec.i8.iCl.i3).
• GivesiBROADiCongressionalicontroliofi"interstateicommerce" NecessaryiandiProperiClausei-iCorrectiAnswer-- GivesiCongressitheipoweri"ToimakeialliLawsiwhichishallibeinecessaryian diproper"iforicarryingioniitsipowers.i(A.i1,iSec.i8,iCl.i18).

-

U.S.iSupremeiCourtihasiupheldimostifederalistatutesichallengediasinece ssaryiandiproper.

• Thisimeansi=iAlmostieverythingiisinecessaryiandiproper!! Combinedi(Commercei&iNecessaryiandiProperiClause)i- iCorrectiAnswer- GiveiCongressivirtuallyiunlimitedipoweritoiregulateianditaxibusinesses. SupremacyiClausei-iCorrectiAnswer-- "TheiConstitution,ianditheiLawsiofitheiUnitediStatesi.i.i.iShallibeitheisupr emeiLawiofitheiLand;itheijudgesiinieveryiStateishallibeiboundithereby."i( A.iVI,iParai2).i

Federaligovernmentiactionsitakeiprecedenceioveriactionsiofiotheristatei andilocaligovernments. McCullochiv.iMaryland CaniCongressiestablishiaiNationaliBank?i-iCorrectiAnswer- Yes,iitiisiconstitutionaliunderitheiNecessaryiandiProperiClause,iwhichiex pands,inotilimits,iCongress'sipowers McCullochiv.iMaryland CaniMarylandiregulateitheiNationaliBank?i-iCorrectiAnswer- No.iUnderitheiSupremacyiClauseiCongressihasitheipoweritoiregulateiiti- inotitheistate.

InterstateiCommercei-iCorrectiAnswer- Congressihasivirtuallyiunlimitedipoweritoiregulateianyieconomicioricom mercialiactivityithaticrossesistateilines,inoimatterihowitrivial. Wickardiv.iFilburn,i 317 iU.S.i 111 i(1942)i-iCorrectiAnswer- Facts:iFilburniwasianiOhioifarmeriwithi 90 iacres.iHeiwasigiveniaiwheatiall otmentiofi11.1iacresiunderiaiDepartmentiofiAgricultureidirective.iFilbur niharvestedi 239 ibushelsimoreithaniheiwasiallowed,iclaimingiuseionihisif armitoifeedihisipoultryiandilivestock.iFilburniwasipenalized.iHeiarguedit hatitheiexcessiwheatiwasiunrelateditoicommerceisinceiheigrewiitiforihisi owniuse. Wickardiv.iFilburn,i 317 iU.S.i 111 i(1942) (1)iCaniCongressiregulateitheiproductioniofiwheatiintendediforipersonal iuseiandinotiplacediiniinterstateicommerce? (2)iCaniCongressiregulateitrivialiactivitiesithatihaveianiaggregateieffectio niinterstateicommerce?i-iCorrectiAnswer--Holding:iYesitoibothiissues.

• Filburn'sihome- consumediwheatiwouldihaveiaisubstantialiinfluenceionipriceiandimarke ticonditionsiacrossitheination,iandithereforeicanibeiregulatedi(evenitho ughihisipersonaliuseiisitrivial). Katzenbachiv.iMcClung,i 379 iU.S.i 294 i(1964)i-iCorrectiAnswer- Facts:iOllie'siBar-B-Qiwasiaifamily- ownedirestaurantiiniBirmingham,iAL.iItihadi 220 iseatsiforiwhiteicustome rsionly.iTitleiIIiofi 1964 iCiviliRightsiActiprohibitsiracialisegregationiinipubli

ciaccommodationsiifiservingiinterstateitravelersioriififoodiisimovediiniint erstateicommerce.iDOJisuedirestaurantiforiviolatingiTitleiIIiwhichiprohib itsiracialisegregationiiniplacesiofipubliciaccommodation. Katzenbachiv.iMcClung,i 379 iU.S.i 294 i(1964) Issue:iDoesiTitleiIIiapplyitoiaifamilyiownedirestaurantiifitheicustomersiar eialli"local"?i-iCorrectiAnswer-Holding:iYes.

Airestaurantimayi"exertiaisubstantialieconomicieffectioniinterstateicom merce."i

Racialidiscriminationiinirestaurantsihasiaidirectiandiadverseieffectionith eifreeiflowiofiinterstateicommerce.

• Congressicouldieveniregulateicollegeiathletesibeingipaidiifiitiwantsito:i- iCorrectiAnswer-- TheiNCAAioriaiCaliforniaicollegeicaniplausiblyiargueithatitheiFairiPayitoiP layiActiwouldiviolateiArticle,iI,iSectioni 8 iofitheiU.S.iConstitution.iThisipar tiofitheiConstitutionirefersitoitheiexclusiveipoweriofiCongressitoiregulat eiinterstateicommerce.

Californiaicollegesiplayigamesiiniotheristatesianditravelitoithoseistates.iT heyialsoihostigamesifromicollegesiwhichitravelitoiCalifornia.iBroadcastsi ofithoseigamesicrossistateilines.iTheisameiisitrueiofiInternetistreams.iThi siisijustiaisample:itheilistioficommercialiactivitiesirelateditoiNCAAigamesi isilongiandithoseiactivitiesiofteniextendibeyondioneistate.

StatesioftenilegislateionimattersiwhichiCongressihasilegislated.i- iCorrectiAnswer- Ex:iFederalienvironmentaliregulationirequiresiEPAitoisetipollutionistand ards.iOnceiset,istatesimustisetirequirementsiwithinitheiribordersitoimee titheiEPAistandards. Federaliregulationitakesiprecedenceioveristateiregulation.i- iCorrectiAnswer- Ex:iIfiFederalilawisetsiaimaxispeedioniinterstateihighwaysiati80MPH,inois tateicaniissueiailawithatiexceedsithatispeed.iTheyicanimakeitheispeedsisl ower,ibutinotifasterithanitheifederalilawiallows. Stateimayinotienactilawsithatiburdeniinterstateicommerceibyiimposingir estrictionsionibusinessifromiotheristates.i-iCorrectiAnswer-- IniSoutherniRailwayiCo.iv.iArizona,i 22 iU.S.i 20 i(1911),itheiU.S.iSupremeiC ourtistruckidownianiArizonailawithatirequireditrainsitravellingithroughit heistateiofiArizonaibeishorterithaniiniotheristatesifori"safetyiconsiderati ons".

• Hughesiv.iOklahoma,i 411 iU.S.i 322 i(1979). FirstiAmendmentiRight Iancuiv.iBrunetti,i 588 iU.S.i(2019)i-iCorrectiAnswer-- TheiCourtirulediiniJunei 2019 ithatitheirestrictionsiofi"immoral"iori"scand alous"itrademarksidefinedibyitheiLanhamiActiisiunconstitutionaliasiitipe rmitsitheiU.S.iPatenti&iTrademarkiOfficeitoiengageiiniviewpointidiscrimi nation,iviolatingitheiFirstiAmendment