Histology and Embryology of Eye and Ear for Foreign Students - P.J. Šafárik University, Study notes of Histology

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Department of Histology and Embryology, P. J. Šafárik University, Medical Faculty, Košice Sense organs : Sylabus for foreign students Authors : Prof. MUDr. Eva Mechírová , CSc. , MVDr. Štefan Tóth, PhD. Development of the eye

Layers of the eye – three concentric layers

a. Tunica fibrosa bulbi → connective tissue – Tennon ´ s capsule ○ sclera ○ cornea b. Tunica vasculosa bulbi → vascular layer ○ choroid ○ ciliary body ○ iris c. Tunica nervosa bulbi – retina optical part blind part ○ macula lutea with fovea centralis → maximal visual acuity ○ papilla nervi optici or optic disc → blind part

Refractive structures: cornea, humor aquaeus, lens, corpus vitreum Accesory structures of the eye: a. musculi bulbi b. eyelids - palpebrae oculi c. conjunctiva d. lacrimal apparatus

1. External fibrous layer - cornea sclera
2. Middle, vascular layer - tunica vasculosa:

• Choroid
• Ciliary body
• Iris Choroid is a thin, vascularized, and pigmented layer Composition:

1. Lamina suprachoroidea
2. Lamina vasculosa - substantia propria
3. Lamina choroidocapillaris
4. Lamina basalis (seu vitrea) – Bruch´s membrane

Ciliary body continuation of choroid Composition: ● musculus ciliaris: ○ fibrae meridionales ○ fibrae radiales ○ fibrae circulares ● proccessus ciliares – loose connective tissue ● pars ciliaris retinae - epithelium pigmentosum

• epithelium non pigmentosum Iris Is a circular plate – continuation of ciliary body in the middle a round opening- pupil Composition - 5 layers:

1. epithelium anterius iridis
2. stratum limitans externum
3. stroma iridis- muscles + CT
4. stratum limitans internum
5. stratum pigmentosum iridis

3.Tunica nervosa bulbi - retina

Cones and rods

The ear – vestibulo – cochlear apparatus

Organ of Corti

Vestibular apparatus - equilibrium

● proprioreceptors are concentrated in : a) macula sacculi et utriculi – identical histologic structure ○ ovoid plates of sensory epithelium inervated by branches of vestibular nerve, situated in the wall of saccule and utricle ○ contain proprioreceptors (hair cells) and supporting cells ○ there is a gelatinous glycoprotein layer on the surface + otolites = crystals of CaCO b) in semicircular ducts are cristae amplullares ○ receptors form ridge-like structures – cristae ○ histologic structure is similar to maculae ○ glycoprotein layer is thicker and is not covered by otoliths, is conical in shape - cupula Function in head movement → change in movement of endolymph → otolites movement → movement of glycoprotein layer with the processes of hair cells → stimulation of nerve endings around hair cells