Leadership Roles and Management functions in Nursing theory & application 10th edition. A+, Exams of Nursing

Download Leadership Roles and Management functions in Nursing theory & application 10th edition. A+ and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Leadership Roles and Management functions in Nursing theory and application 10th edition Chapter 1 2024-25. Quizs & Ans. Grade A+ A novice nurse has been trying to apply the nursing process to each client interaction. What should the nurse do to enhance the effectiveness of this process for making decisions and solving problems? A. Conduct assessment and diagnosis simultaneously whenever possible B.Ensure that specific goals are identified during the planning process. C. Avoid evaluating the process until every outcome has been met. D.Prioritize ethics during each phase of the nursing process. - ANSB.Ensure that specific goals are identified during the planning process Feedback: The weakness of the nursing process, like the traditional problem-solving model, is in not requiring clearly stated objectives. Goals should be clearly stated in the planning phase of the process, but this step is frequently omitted or obscured. Assessment and diagnosis often cannot be performed at the same time. Ethics should always be considered, of course, but this variable is not identified as enhancing the overall effectiveness of the nursing process. Evaluation is recommended as an ongoing, iterative process that is not reserved for when all outcomes have been met. Indeed, it is impossible to determine whether outcomes have been met without performing evaluatio A nurse has accepted a management position in the busy ambulatory clinic and recognizes the day-to-day operations of the clinic will require many decisions. What is the nurses best initial action on preparing for this new rule? A. Determine where organizational power exists in the clinic B. Identify staff who are likely to be allies. C. Collaborate with the previous manager of the clinic D. Clarify and reflect on his or her own values - ANSD. Clarify and reflect on his or her own values Feedback: Values clarification is an imperative first step when preparing for a role that requires decision making and problem solving. This form of internal examination must precede strategic interactions with others or an analysis of where power lies in the organization. Internal examination should come before external examination A nurse is considering applying for a management job that will require the nurse to make many difficult decisions. What question should the nurse ask when considering his or her ability to make difficult decisions? A. "How comfortable am I with taking risks?" B. "Am I able to apply the nursing processes in varied circumstances?" C. "Am I usually able to please my coworkers" D. "How quickly do I think?" - ANSA "How comfortable am I with taking risks?" Feedback: An individual's comfort level with risk has a major bearing on that person's ability and willingness to make difficult decisions. It also affects the outcomes of decisions. The nursing process can have application in the decision-making process, but it is not among the most common decision-making models in management situations. A focus on pleasing other people may make it difficult to arrive at a decision when there are not ideal options available. Quick thinking can be beneficial when making some decisions, but people who are more methodical thinkers are not necessarily at a disadvantage. Quick thinking does not always lead to wise decisions A nurse manager has made a decision and is now preparing to evaluate the decision. What question should best guide the nurses evaluation process? A. Did the outcome align with original objectives? B. Can evaluation be eliminated if the problem is resolved? C. Is evaluation necessary when using a good decision making model? D. Is every party happy with the outcome of the decision? - ANSA. Did the outcome align with original is a logical fallacy where a person decides that if B (i.e., the new brief) is good and he or she is doing A (i.e., using the old brief), then A must not be good. The fact that the new brief is good does not mean the old brief is bad. Overgeneralizing involves extending characteristics of an individual to a group. Arguing from analogy is illogical thinking that applies a component that is present in two separate concepts and then states that because A is present in B, then A and B are alike in all respects. The representative is not suggesting that the two types of briefs are alike A team of nurse managers is considering the purchase of pressure reducing mattresses to reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers among long-term care resident. In order to use a payoff table to assist with the decision-making, what must the manager know? Select all that apply. A. The cost for each new mattress B. Clients' expectations for how a mattress should feel C. The prognosis for recovery from a pressure ulcer D. The cost of treating pressure ulcers E. The amount of time between ordering the mattresses and their delivery - ANSA, D Feedback: Payoff tables can be used to make decisions involving cost, profit, and volume. To make a decision, the team would need to know how much it costs to introduce a mattress and how much it costs to treat a pressure ulcer. Other variables such as client expectations, timing, and prognosis would be considered when making a decision, but these variables would not be quantified into a payoff table An experience nurse manager has been described as being a " right brain thinker ". This managers decision making process likely prioritize what characteristic? A. Transparency B. Efficiency C. Intuition D. Linear analysis - ANSC. Intuition Feedback: Right-brained thinkers have traditionally been characterized as being creative and intuitive. Linear analysis is more closely aligned with left-brained thinking. Transparency and efficiency are desirable qualities that are not particularly aligned with either of these two paradigms Nurse manager had to intervene in a conflict between client and a staff member the manager chooses to make a decision " In the moment" rather than applying a methodic or deliberate decision-making tool. How should this managers actions Be interpreted? A. The manager should have used a decision-making tool before responding be. B. The manager demonstrated an autocratic leader ship style. C. The managers decision was likely made on faces basis of emotion. D. The manager applied heuristics to a problem that required a quick solution - ANSD. The manager applied heuristics to a problem that required a quick solution Feedback: Most individuals rely on discrete, often unconscious processes known as heuristics, which allows them to solve problems more quickly and to build on experiences they have gained in their lives. This manager's prompt decision making exemplifies this rapid approach. This does not necessarily lead to worse outcomes than a slower, more methodical approach. Heuristics can be based on experience and knowledge and are not simply expressions of emotion. Heuristics and rapid decision making are not synonymous with an autocratic leadership style that downplays input from others One of the nurses on the unit said, " my Vietnamese parents won't even look me in the eye, but I know the Asian patients avoid making eye contact as a way of showing respect." this nurse is demonstrating what type of illogical thinking? A. deductive reasoning B. overgeneralizing C. a firming the consequences D. arguing from analogy - ANSB. Overgeneralizing Feedback: This type of "crooked" thinking occurs when one believes that because one person has a particular characteristic, every other person in the same category also has the same characteristic. It is an overgeneralization to assign one meaning to an action to every person from an entire continent. This kind of oversimplified deduction is exemplified when stereotypical statements are used to justify arguments and decisions. When affirming the consequences, one decides that if B is good and he or she is doing A, then A must not be good. When arguing from analogy, the nurse applies a component that is present in two separate concepts and then states that because A is present in B, then A and B are alike in all respects The nurse has accepted a job in a workplace where organizational power has a pronounced effect. This characteristic may have what affect on the nurse in the workplace? A. Many decisions will be delegated to the nurse by supervisors. B. There will be a high level of mistrust and suspicion in the workplace. C. Communication will be compromised in the work place. D. The nurse may have to accept decisions contrary to his or her own values. - ANSD. The nurse may have to accept decisions contrary to his or her own values. Feedback: The ability of the powerful to influence individual decision making in an organization often requires adopting a private personality and an organizational personality. The nurse will often have to accept decisions that solely reflect the values of more powerful individuals. This may lead to a feeling of powerlessness but not necessarily mistrust and lack of communication. Delegation of decision making is likely to be rare, not common, because it is concentrated with those in power The nurse is applying a decision making process to a clinical challenge. When applying this process the nurse must? A. Choose between different courses of action B. Analyze the root cause of a situation C. Prioritize the maximum good for the maximum number of people D. Begin by solving the underlying problem - ANSA. Choose between different courses of action Feedback: Decision making is a complex, cognitive process often defined as choosing a particular course of action. Problem solving is part of decision making and is a managers values. What is the managers best action? A. try to Base a decision on intuition rather than values. B. Defer the decision to a colleague with different values. C. Set aside his or her values and make a rational decision. D. Identify and reflect on his or her own value - ANSD. Identify and reflect on his or her own value Feedback: Every person has a value system, and this cannot be simply "set aside." Awareness and reflection are necessary to make good decisions in the context of one's own values. Intuition and values are not counterpoints, and prioritizing intuition does not negate the importance of values. Values influence every decision to varying degrees, and it is impractical to defer every value-laden decision to someone else The nurse manager is preparing to use the PERT tool when making a staff decision. This tool primarily address what components of the decision making process? A. Consequences B. Values C. Timing D. Ethics - ANSC. Timing Feedback: PERT is a popular tool to determine the timing of decisions. This tool does not explicitly address some of the other relevant considerations when making decisions, including values and ethics. This tool does not focus on the evaluation (consequences) component of decision making The nurse manager of a short staffed unit needs to make a decision about a nurses request for an unpaid leave of absence. In order to increase the chance of making a good decision, the manager should: A. Involved as many people in the decision making process as possible B. Prioritize the option that is most innovative C. Generate as many different alternatives as possible D. Begin the decision making process by presuming the status quo to be the best option - ANSC. Generate as many different alternatives as possible Feedback: The greater the number of alternatives that can be generated by the decision maker, the better the final decision will be. Generating multiple alternatives may require involving more people in the decision-making process, but the process can easily become unwieldy if too many people are involved. The manager should always consider the status quo as a possible option, but this is not always considered to be the default option. Innovation is often a desirable characteristic, but it would be inappropriate to choose an option solely because it is innovative; many other values must be considered The nurses on a medical unit are using several different techniques for performing wound care and the manager recognizes a need to implement evidence-based practice (EBP). What should the manager do first when applying the principles of EBP? A. Identify the main peer- reviewed journals in field of wound care. B. Perform a review of the literature about wound care C. Formulate a specific, searchable clinical question about wound care D. Identify how expert nurses typically perform wound care - ANSC. Formulate a specific, searchable clinical question about wound care Feedback: The implementation of EBP usually follows a linear approach that begins with formulating a specific question that can be used to guide a literature search. This should be done before starting a literature review or consulting experts in the field The unit manager has created a decision grid in order to assist with difficult staffing decisions that will affect many nurses. The decision grid will also allow the manager to: A. Examine alternative visually and compare each against the same criteria. B. Ensure that the decision is made objectively rather than subjectively. C. Plot the outcome of a decision over time and evaluate decision making process. D. Predict when events must take place to complete a project on time - ANSA. Examine alternative visually and compare each against the same criteria. Feedback: A decision grid allows one to visually examine the alternatives and compare each against the same criteria. This assists with the decision-making process, but it cannot guarantee that the decision will be completely objective. A decision grid is not a tool for tracking the outcomes of a decision. Decision grids are not synonymous with project planning tables What characteristic of nurse manager best demonstrates left brain thinking? A. Manager highly values innovative intuition when making decisions B. The manager is open to feedback from staff when making a decision. C. The managers relationships with peers are prioritized when evaluating decisions. D. The manager applied linear, analytical model when making a decision. - ANSD. The manager applied linear, analytical model when making a decision. Feedback: Analytical, linear, left-brain thinkers process information differently from creative, intuitive, right-brain thinkers. Placing a value on relationships and being open to feedback are not specifically associated with one or the other sides of the brain What is the value of using a structured approach to problem solving for the novice nurse? A. Facilitates effective time management. B. Supports the acquisition of clinical reasoning C. Supplements the orientation process D. Encourages professional autonomy - ANSB. Supports the acquisition of clinical reasoning Feedback: A structured approach to problem solving and decision making increases clinical reasoning and is the best way to learn how to make quality decisions because it eliminates trial and error and focuses the learning on a proven process. This is particularly helpful to the novice nurse with limited clinical experience and intuition. The other options are outcomes of the possession of critical thinking skills and clinical reasoning What statement is true concerning critical thinking? A.It is narrower in scope than decision making B. It is a synonym for problem-solving process C.It is a simple approach to decision-making D. It requires reasoning and