Lecture Slides for Cell Biology, Genetics and Molecular Biology |, Study notes of Microbiology

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Welcome!

Biol 142

General Microbiology

Dr. Super

• (^) Biology degree
• (^) Areas of specialization are cell biology, genetics, and molecular biology.
• I study genes that are abnormal in cancer, specifically leukemia.
• (^) I taught microbiology for the first 5 years I was at MSU and again last year.
• (^) I’ve used microbes in a number of ways in my research.

Syllabus!

• (^) Can be found here: http://msubiology.info/

node/

• (^) Lots of great information will be found here

for the rest of the semester!!

What to expect

• (^) Lectures
  • (^) Begin often with Micro in the news —current events. You should contribute to this valuable learning tool. Always follow up on current events.
  • (^) Announcements of upcoming events—exams, labs, readings, etc.
  • (^) Recap briefly…”where were we…”
  • (^) Often end with questions to ponder---you finish this idea…

Quizzes

• (^) Every other week---Wednesdays. Likely a

mixture of question types.

• (^) Multiple choice
• (^) Short answer
• (^) Interpret a figure
• (^) Could cover anything from previous lectures, but focus primarily on the latest material. Will include current events and lab concepts.

Effective learning

• (^) Powerpoint lectures will be available online

the day before the lecture. They will remain

up for 3 lecture days, then disappear.

• (^) If you print, please print multiple slides per

page. Choose “handouts” when printing.

• (^) Try not to write every word I say. Listen, jot

short notes, and review the material BEFORE

the next lecture.

• (^) USE your textbook! Read/review

• (^) Review “A modest Proposal to Students”

Be informed…

• (^) Check your email (the account linked to

your connect information) every day.

• (^) Check the microbiology web page every

day.

• (^) Don’t come to class and say…I didn’t get the information!

• (^) Any microbiology in the news?

Key advance in

understanding/treating malaria

• (^) http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/

2012/01/120107151849.htm

• (^) What is malaria? Is it relevant to

microbiology?

• (^) What causes malaria?

Read the article and be ready

for next lecture!!

Let’s start!

• (^) Microbiology--The study of the teeniest of

life forms.

• (^) Such as…
  • (^) Bacteria
  • (^) Viruses
  • Fungi
  • (^) Protozoa
  • (^) Algae
  • Any living organism which cannot be easily observed with the naked eye.

Several reasons microbiology is important

1. Basic unit of living organisms is the cell.

Most microorganisms exist as single cells.

• (^) They are unicellular organisms.
• (^) Microorganisms provide examples of nearly all the basic structures and processes common to all cells. - (^) Membranes, DNA, energy production, cell division…all described first in microorganisms!

2. Impact on human health

• (^) Microbes are the cause of many important infectious diseases. Bacterial diseases- --whooping cough, cholera, syphilis, “strep throat”… Viral diseases —Mononucleosis, AIDS, influenza, polio, measles…. Protozoa ----malaria …Just a few examples…

3. Applied microbiology---using microbes as

tools in production of food, elimination of

waste, research.

• (^) Food production- --Yogurt, cheese, beer, bread, wine. All made using the natural biochemistry of bacteria and yeast.
• (^) Antibiotics and other medically useful products ---produced by various microbes

-Decomposition of waste

Landfills, oil spills, energy plants---utilize the natural biochemistry of microbes. Microbes can “eat” (use for energy), a wide variety of organic and inorganic molecules.

Genetic engineering/basic research

Many human drugs produced using bacteria as “factories ”—human insulin for diabetes. Most genetics studies utilize bacteria as vehicles for DNA

• (^) Why would microbes be so interested in

helping us?

• (^) They aren’t!!
• (^) We just harvest the products they happen to make to help themselves - (^) Acid and alcohol and CO 2 (gas) produced from energy making processes - (^) Antibiotics/antimicrobials produced to kill any other type of microbe that invades another’s environment.

Microbes are little…

• (^) But together they account for~60% of the mass of all living things! (Biomass)
• (^) Do some quick thinking…what does this mean?

Let’s compare classes of microorganisms

• (^) Bacteria
  • (^) Widely distributed—water, soil, in/on other living organisms
  • (^) Estimates of 100 trillion (10^14 ) in/on us at any given time---YIKES
  • (^) Exist as single cells, but may organize into sheets known as biofilms
  • (^) Visible singly in the light microscope.

“Small”

• (^) Average size of rod-shaped (bacillus)

bacterium (We’ll call him “Rod”).

1-3 micrometers (m) 0.5 m

• (^) Prokaryotic cell type:
  • (^) Lack specific compartments—no nucleus or membrane enclosed structures.
  • (^) All bacteria are prokaryotes

Examples?

• (^) “Strep” bacteria
• (^) “Staph” bacteria
• (^) E. coli.
• (^) Lysteria
• (^) Botulism bacteria
• (^) Lots of others

Next time…

Bacteria

Viruses

Fungi

Protozoa

Algae