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LESSONS OF LIFE

IN ALBOM’S THE FIVE PEOPLE YOU MEET IN HEAVEN

THESIS

Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of Srata 1 Program of the English Language Department

By M. Saiqul Huda C11.2008. FACULTY OF HUMANITIES DIAN NUSWANTORO UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2012

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study Abrams in Nurgiyantoro (2010: 2) states that : “The definition of prose in the world of literature is also called fiction, narrative text, and narrative discourse”. Based on the word, the definition of fiction is an imagination. Abram said, fiction involved narrative work which is not direct into the truth of history. Novel is considered as a very effective way in carrying significant problems of human life. The author usually puts the problems of life in the story of the novel. Samekto (1976: 61) states that, “ The nature of literature usually describes the life as the way it is and reveals how the life is supposed to be. Therefore, it can be said that a novel represents the natural life of human being”. Love, sacrisfice, loyality, disappointed is one of human’s problems are usually used by author as topic in a story. Mitch Albom’s The Five People You Meet in Heaven is a meaningful book which tells about a man named Eddie who is travelling after he died. He meets some people in his journey to heaven dealing with the life before his death. There, he meets five people who teach him lessons of life. The main character gets five lessons from five people who remains him that those lessons give more benefits during his life. By those lessons Eddie then thinks that life is short. Life is also brings us lessons that we can bring to heaven after death.

Life gives us many lessons, eventhough sometimes we feel bored with it but something we suggest useless and boring can make the other live. Something always connected with other things. From the story, the writer wants to know deeply about the theme described in the story because there are so many lessons which benefits to us in our real life. This novel is full of lessons about life. How is life supposed to be. It can be said that this novel represents the actual life of human being. Many problems faced by human being, are reflected in this novel. The problem faced by the main character in the story usually face also in a real life. Through this story, it can be seen clearly that there are so many sides and lessons which indirectly reflect our real life. Based on the explanation above the writer tried to discuss lessons of life experienced by Eddie as the main character in Mitch Albom’s The Five People You Meet In Heaven as a tittle. 1.2 Statements of the Problems Based on the title, the statements of the problem focus on :

1. What is the general description of Eddie as the main character in Mitch Albom’s The Five People You Meet in Heaven?
2. What are conflicts experienced by Eddie in The Five People You Meet in Heaven?
3. What are the settings described in Mitch Albom’s The Five People You Meet in Heaven?
4. What is the theme of The Five People You Meet In Heaven?

1.3 Scope of the Study

In analyzing Mitch Albom’s The Five People You Meet in Heaven , the writer gives some limitation to get a good result and specific study. The writer only focuses on the description of the main character, conflict, setting, and theme. 1.4 Objective of the Study The objectives of the study can be stated as follow:

1. To present the general description of Eddie in Albom’s The Five People You Meet in Heaven.
2. To describe the conflicts experienced by Eddie as the main character in Albom’s The Five People You Meet in Heaven.
3. To describe the settings in Mitch Albom’s The F ive People you Meet in Heaven.
4. To describe the theme of Mitch Albom’s The Five People You Meet In Heaven.

1.5 Significance of the Study

1. For the writer: Hopefully, the study can increase the writer’s ability in discussing problems related to literature.
2. For the reader: It is expected can give more benefits for students who study literature.

3. For the university Hopefully, the result can give a contribution and provide a perception about the problems of the novel that analyzed by the writer as the references in Dian Nuswantoro University’s library, particularly English Department.

1.6 Method of the Study 1.6.1 Research Design Based on the subject of analysis, the writer uses the qualitative descriptive method. It is able to give a description of the subject research based on the data that variable from the subject analyzed. Related to this novel, the method can be used to analyze cause and effect in each event that happen in the story to determine the plot as follow: In this qualitative descriptive method aimed to give a description about the subject research base on the data that variable from the subject analyzed and does not aimed for hypothesis testing (Harsono, 1999: 114). In accordance to Endraswara’s statements that the important features from qualitative research are:

a. Researcher is the key instrument who will read accurately the literary work. b. The research is done descriptively; it means explaining in the form of word or picture if needed, not numeral formed. c. Qualitative research prioritizes more on process than the result.

d. The analysis is inductive.

1.6.2 Units of Analysis The writer focuses on the intrinsic elements only, such as character, conflict, setting and theme.

1.6.3 Source of Data The writer uses source of data as a material in composing the research which related to the topic. First data is called primary data. It can be taken from in novel The Five People You Meet in Heaven. The second data is literary theories that is obtained from books and internet which related to the topic.

1.6.4 Technique of Data Collection In getting the data, the writer needs many materials to strengthen the research. The writer uses the library research to collect the data. According to Semi “ The data for this were collected through library research in a working room library, where the needed data and all or some information about the subject matter are acquired through book or, and audio visual means (1993: 81). The most important data is The Five People You Meet in Heaven’s novel. To understand the story, the writer also needs some technique, they are:

1. Read the whole story using close reading method to understand it deeply.

2. Get the important text and information dealing with the subjecct discussed as the quotation and data.
3. Classify the data according to the statement of the problem.
4. Write the research report.

1.6.5 Technique of Data Analysis For the analysis, the writer uses structural approach. It is applied to analyze the intrinsic element such as character, plot, conflict, theme of the novel, etc. According to Semi, structural approach is the basic assumption that literary work as a creative work has full autonomy, which has to be seen as a figure, which part from the outside of intrinsic element. While Jean Piaget states the Terminology of structure has three characters: totality, transformation, and otoreguration (Harsono, 1995: 47-48). The writer decided to use this method to analyze the intrinsic elements in The Five People You Meet In Heaven.

1.7 Thesis Organization This thesis consist of five chapters, they are arranged as the followings: Chapter I is Introduction. This chapter describes about the background of the study, statement of the problem, scope of the study, objective of the study, significance of the study, method of the study, and thesis organization. Chapter II is Author and Synopsis of the Story. This chapter describes about Mitch Albom’s biography and his works and synopsis of The Five People You Meet in Heaven. Author’s biography and works tells about the history of the author’s life which reflected to the topic and his contribution in the literature

development on his age. Synopsis of the story describes about the summary of the story which related to the topic. Chapter III is Review of Related Literature. This chapter describes about theoretical aspect of literature that are going to be used in the research. It presents the theories of intrinsic elements namely character, conflict, setting and theme. Chapter IV is Discussion. This chapter describes about the analysis of the research, the main part of this thesis and its reveal, discuss the points that have been written on the scope of the study referring to the review of related literature. Chapter V is Conclusion and Suggestion. This chapter describes about the result of the analysis. They are summaries of the points that are discussed in the chapter of discussion, the argument or the opinion of the writer, and the recommendation or suggestion.

CHAPTER II

AUTHOR AND SYNOPSIS

2.1 Author Biography and Works Mitchell David Albom was born on May 23, 1958 in Passaic, New Jersey. Albom was not only a best-selling author. He was also a newspaper columnist for the Detroit Free Press and radio host for ABC and WJR-AM in Detroit. He was an internationally renowned and best-selling author, journalist, screenwriter, playwright, radio and television broadcaster and musician. His books have collectively sold over 28 million copies worldwide; have been published in forty- one territories and in forty-two languages around the world; and have been made into Emmy Award-winning and critically-acclaimed television movies.

Mitch grew up wanting to be a cartoonist before switching to music. He taught himself to play piano and played in music bands, including The Lucky Tiger Grease Stick Band, throughout his adolescence. After attending high schools in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, he left for college after his junior year. He earned a bachelor’s degree in 1979 at Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, majoring in sociology, but stayed true to his dream of a life in music. Upon graduation, he worked for several years as a performer, both in Europe and America. One of his engagements during this time included a taverna on the Greek island of Crete, in which he was a featured American performer who sang Elvis Presley and Ray Charles songs. He also wrote and produced the recording of several songs. In his early 20’s, while living in New York, he took an

interest in journalism and volunteered to work for a local weekly paper, the Queens Tribune. He eventually returned to graduate school, earning a Master’s degree from Columbia University’s Graduate School of Journalism, followed by an MBA from Columbia University’s Graduate School of Business. During this time, he paid his tuition partly through work as a piano player.

In 1995, he married Janine Sabino. In the same year he reencountered Morrie Schwartz, a former college professor who was dying of ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. His visits to Schwartz lead him to the book Tuesdays with Morrie , which moved Mitch away from sports and began his career as an internationally recognized author.

Mitch was also an accomplished song writer and lyricist. Later in his life, when music had become a sideline, he would see several of his songs recorded, including the song “Hit Somebody ( The Hockey Song )” which he wrote for rock singer Warren Zevon. Albom also wrote and performed songs for several TV movies, including “Cookin’ for Two” for Christmas in Connecticut, the 1992 remake directed by Arnold Schwarzenegger. He has also written seven other books, including the bestseller, Tuesdays With Morrie (1997). His other works include Live Albom I (1987), Live Albom II (1990), Live Albom III (1992), Live Albom IV (1995), "BO" (1989), which was the autobiography of former University of Michigan football coach Bo Schembechler, and Fab Five (1992), which was a story about the University of Michigan's men's basketball recruits who became starters as freshman, during the 1990's. The Five People You Meet in Heaven was published in 2003. Aside from writing novels, Albom has also been

deemed the one Sports Columnist in the Nation by the sports editors of America. He has received over 100 writing awards from National Sportswriters and Broadcasters Associations, Headliners Club as well as many others. His work has also appeared in publications such as Sports Illustrated, GQ Magazine, The New York Times, USA Today, and TV Guide In 2010. Albom was named the recipient of the Red Smith Award for lifetime achievement by the Associated Press Sports Editors. He lives with his wife, Janine, in Detroit, MI.

2.2 Synopsis of the Story

The Five People You Meet in Heaven tells about a man named Eddie. He is a maintenance in an amusemant park named Ruby Pier. He is about eighty three years old. He is a squat, white haired old man, a short neck, a barrel chest, thick arms, and faded army tatto on his right shoulders. He wear an old linen cap, his pale brown uniform suggested a workingman.

In the last day, Eddie sits in an old aluminium beach chairs. This is regular spot on the Ruby Pier boardwalk, behind the jackrabbit ride, in 1980’s which is called the Thunder Bolt, in the 1970’s which is called Steel Eel, in the 1960’s which is called the Lollipop Swings, in 1950’s which is called Laff in The Dark and which before that is Stardust Band Shell, where Eddie meets Marguerete.

At the last twelve minutes to live, Eddie sees a young girl around eight years old who stood before him blocking sunlight. Her name is Amy or Annie. Amy is a young girl who helped Eddie at Ruby Pier. At the time, The accident

happen there, A top Freddy’s Free Fall, The new “tower drop” attraction. Freddy Free Fall is drop two carts. The cable that lifted cart no.2 has been scraping accross a looked pulley The pulley is wedged by a small object that must have fallen through the opening at a most precise moment a car key. It was too late. The carts were dropped and the cable were snapped. It’s a final ahead and ripped across the hidraulic line. The carts no.2 is in the dead drop now. Nothing to stop it and then Eddie yelled and turned to the crowd. “ GET BACK” and the Little Girl raised his arms and Eddie lunged to help her. He half fly, half stumble toward her landing on the metal plat form which ripped through his shirt on split open his skin just beneath the patch that is read Eddie and maintenance. This is the beginning where Eddie meets the five people who related to his life after his death because of the accident that happen in Ruby Pier. From this beginning Eddie get lessons about life. Where each other has relations with others. Each people teach a lesson to Eddie, from a lesson which Eddie gets during the journey he knows how important the life he has.

CHAPTER III

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter describes theoritical aspect of literature that used in the research. There are several elements which build the literary works itself. They are character and characterization, conflict, setting, point of view, and theme. Concerning those intrinsic elements, the writer only focuses on character, conflict, setting, and theme.

3.1 Character

According to Perrine. Reading the character is more difficult than reading the plot. Character is more complex, variable, and ambigous. Anyone is able to repeat what a person has done in a story, but considerable skill may be needed to describe what a person is (Perrine, 1984: 66). Character is one of the most important elements, the people who were told in a story. Moreover, characters talk about an individual’s personal characteristic. Although sometimes readers use the word character synonymously with person, human being and literary figure, more often they use it in reference to individual or personal characteristics. In the same source, Perrine also state that. “The character in the story must act, if there is to be a story; whenthey do not act, the story approaches the condition of an essay. It will give us not a character but an explanation. A story is succesfull when the characters are dramatized, shown speaking and acting, as in drama.” (Perrine, 1984: 68)

Besides, to read about a character is to imagine and create a character in reading: it is to create a person. Reading character involves learning to a knowledge that a person can never finally be singular-that there is multiplicity and ambiguity from start to finish. (Bennett, 1999: 70) Every works use characters to serve it story. As stated by Potter (1967: 7) “characters are basic element in much imaginative literature and therefore, they limit the considerable attention paid to them”. The existence of character is very important in all literary works since characters are the soul of fiction. Character in a story or fiction will be able to change it to be alive and interesting as in a real life. As we know, a literary work is an imitation of reality; story, setting, and event experienced by characters are almost same with characters in fiction, not real. They are only illusion created by the author. Author can tell us, if they wish, exactly what is going on in a character’s mind and exactly what the character feels. In real life we can only guess at these inner thoughts and feelings from person’s external behavior, which may be designed to conceal what is going on inside. In another, we can also vie their inner life in a way that is impossible to us in ordinary life. According to Holman “Character usually has his or her own qualities as described by the author. The character cooked is young or old person, bad or good, mannered person, handsome or beautiful, etc. All of them depend on the author who consider them as one element that could help to serve the stories. A character usually is the imitation of real person’s personality. Sometimes he has similar personality to that of human being. As the following :

A character is a brief descriptive sketch of a personage who typifies some definite quality. The person is described not as an individualized personality but as an example of some vice or virtue type as a busy, a supercilious fellow (Holman, 1980: 443).

There are so many kinds of character in a story, but they have a different function dealing with the whole story. From the viewed of the function and stages in a story, character that often appear or dominate a big part of story, or the opposite, character that appear once or twice, or short relatively. Character is divided into two, they are: “main character and peripheral character”. Perrine states that a main character has the dominant traits in the whole story. Peripheral character is an additional character. Mostly the main character always appear in the story and relates to others. Interpretative fiction does not necessarily renounce the attractive central character. It simply furnishes a greater variety of central characters, characters that are less easily labeled and pigeonholed, characters that are sometimes unsympathetic. Human nature is not often entirely bad or perfectly good, and interpretative fiction deals usually with characters that are neither. Immature readers demand the main character is easily identified and clearly labelled as a good or bad. They also demand the main character always be an attractive one. If the main character is male, he does not need to be perfect, but must be ordinarily fundamentally decent-honest, good-hearted, and prefeably good looking. If the main character is not virtuous, he must have strong compensatory qualities, he must be daring, dashing, or gallant. They must not be so complex as to tax his understanding. In the same source, Perrine also states (1966: 83) that.

“ The character may defy law and order only if the character has a tender heart , a great love, or a gentle man’s code”. Perrine states (1984: 68), in proportion to the fullness of their development, the characters in a story are relatively flat or round. “Flat characters are characterized by one or two trait; they can be summed up in a sentence. Round characters are complex and has many sides. They might require an essay for full analysis.” Both types of character can have the vitality that good fiction demands. Round character live by their very roundness, by the many points at which they touch life. Flat characters, though they touch life at only one or two points, may be made memorable in the hands of an expert author through some individualizing detail of appearance, gesture, or speech. In good fiction all characters are characterized fully enough to justify their roles in the story and make them convincing Characters in a story experience conflict, to be exact, whether internal and external conflict. It will increase and develop into top of conflict in climax. The character will change after climax, but not all of them, all fictional characters may be classified as static or developing. As stated by Perrine (1984: 70), character is classified into two types, they are: “static or developing (dynamic) character. “The static character is the same sort of person at the end of the story as at the beginning. The developing (dynamic) character undergoes a permanent change in same aspect of character, personality, or outlook”.

3.2 Conflict

In the development of the content in the story, conflict is composed from several events and incidents befell the characters that are involved in a story. Therefore, conflict is the most important element in the story because with its existences, the writer will understand how the story goes on and without conflict the story can not be formed.

Perrine states that: “There is conflict in a chess game, where the competitors sit quite still for hours, as surely as in a wrestling match; emotional conflict may be raging within a person sitting in an empty room. It occurs because of the differences between two opposite things such as aims, principle, opinion, etc. Generally conflict is well known as a clash between two opposing people or community, or event wills and desires in one person. The conflict may be physical, mental, emotional, or moral. It is natural situation for it is known that human always have problems. The existence of conflict in literary work is caused by action. It happens in character’s life in a story, whether internal and external conflict. Conflict is divided into two categories as the following:

Conflict is a clash of actions, ideas, desires, or wills”. Character may be pitted against some other person or group of persons (conflict of person against person); they may be in conflict with some externalforce-physical nature, society, or “fate” (conflict of person against environment); or they may be in conflict with some elements in their own natures (conflict of person against himself or herself). The conflict may be physical, mental, emotional, or moral (Perrine, 1984: 42).

The statement above explains that conflict is divided into two, they are internal and external conflict. Internal conflict is a conflict with some elements in their own natures, such as person against himself or herself. While external conflict is a conflict which may be pitted against other person or group of person; it may be conflict with external force, physical nature, society, or environment. Wellek and Warren ( 1989 : 85 ) say that conflict is something dramatic, referring to a fight between two powers that balance and it also referring an action and revenge of action. It happen in human’s outlook, not in literary works, that’s why, people prefer to live in peace and avoid the conflict.

3.3 Setting

In the narrow sense, setting means particular place and particular time or condition in which the action takes place. Setting refers to the natural and scenery or environment in which the characters live and move in the story. In a novel, setting also important to make a good story beside conflict. Setting usually describes and explains about the story takes place. Setting can be divided into three, they are setting of place, setting of time, and setting of social. According to Abrams, Setting is the center which direct to the place, time relation, and social circles, where events happen in the story (1981: 175). In addition, Nurgiyantoro (1994: 227-233) classifies setting into three tipes as follow:

1. Setting of Place It’s the description of place or location where actions of the story take place. The place aspect can be in the form of places with certain names, initials, or without clear names. Through this setting we can see society’s tradition values, behaviour, condition, and so on that effect the character.
2. Setting of Time It’s the description of when the actions happen. It’s connected to the factual time, which can be related, or has relation to historical event. It can be presented in the form of day, date, month, year or certain period.
3. Setting of Social This kind of setting which is related to the social life of a society in a certain place described in a fiction. It can be taken a form of custom, manner, tradition ways of life, thought and behaviour, social status of the character, etc.

3.4 Theme

Perrine (1984: 92) states that “ The theme of fiction is its controlling idea or its central insight. It is the unifying generalization about life stated or implied by the story. Perrine also states, Theme in a fiction may be more than one interpretation but it can be concluded to the major theme that is a theme will resume the whole story. It is the reason why the reader sometimes difficult to

determine theme in a story since there are two kinds of theme, major and minor theme. As stated by Nurgiyantoro (2010: 82-83), “the theme is divided into two forms: they are major and minor themes. Major theme is the essential meaning that can be a basic idea in literary work. It is implied in somewhat of the story. Minor theme is the supporting theme. It is only implied in a part of the story”. Discovering and stating the theme of a story is often a delicate task. Sometimes we will feel what the story is about strongly enough and yet find it difficult to put this feeling into words. The ability to state theme, moreover, is a test of our understanding of a story. Occasionally the theme of a story may be expressed as a moral principle without doing violence to the story. More frequently, however, the word “moral” is too narrow to fit the kind of illumination provided by a first rate story. It is hardly suitable, for instance, for the kind of story that simply displays human character. Such nouns as moral, lesson, and message are therefore best avoided in the discussion of fiction. According to Perrine (1984: 92), in stating theme we must pick the central insight, the one that explains the greatest number of elements in the story and relates them to each other. It is the unifying generalization about life stated or implied by the story. To derive a theme in the story, we must determine what central purpose is: what views of life supports or what insight into life it reveals. Further more about theme, according to Perrine (1984: 97 - 98), there are 6 principles of themes, they are:

1. The theme should be expressible in the form of a statement with a subject and predicate. It is insufficient to say that the theme of a story

is motherhood or loyalty to country. Theme must be a statement about the subject.

2. The theme should be stated as a generalization about life. In stating theme we do not use the names of the character or refer to precise places, events, for to do so is to make specific rather than a general statement.
3. We must be careful not to make a generalization larger than is justified by the terms of the story. Term like every, all, always must be used very cautiously. Terms like some, sometimes, may be often more accurate.
4. Theme is the central and unifying concept of a story. Therefore (a) It accounts for all the major details of the story. If we can not explain the bearing of an important incident or characters on the theme, either in exemplifying it or modifying in it some way, it is probable that our interpretation is partial and in complete, that at best we have got hold only of sub theme. (b) The theme is not contradicted by ant detail of the story. If we have to look or blink at or “force” the meaning of some significant detail in order to frame statement, we may be sure that our statement is detective. (c) The theme can not rely upon supposed facts- -facts not actually sated or clearly implied by story. The statement of it must be based on data of the story itself, not on assumptions supplied from our own experience.

5. There is no one way of stating the theme of a story. The story is not a guessing game or an acrostic that is supposed to yield to magic verbal formula that won’t work of a syllable is changed. Here, for instance, are three possible ways of stating the theme of Miss Brill; (a) a person living alone may create a protective fantasy life by dramatizing insignificant activities, but such a life can be jeopardized when she is forced to see herself as others see her. (b) Isolated elderly people, unsupported by a network of family and friends, may make satisfying adjustment through a fantasy life, but when their fantasy are punctured by the role claw of reality, the effect can be devastating. (e) Loneliness is a pitiable emotional state that may be avoided by refusing to acknowledge that one fells lonely, though such may also require one to create unrealistic fantasies about oneself.
6. We should avoid any statement that reduces the theme to some familiar saying that we have heard all our lives. Although such statement may express the theme accurately, too often it is simply a lazy shortcut that impoverishes the essential meaning of the story in order to save mental effort.

CHAPTER IV

DISCUSSION

In this chapter the writer presents the analysis of the Five People You Meet in Heaven based on the intrinsic elements theories that the writer uses; they are character, conflict, setting, and theme.

4.1 General Description of Eddie as the Main Character The main character of the story is Edward. He is usually called Eddie. He is a maintenance worker who works at Ruby Pier. He comes from a lower class. Eddie spent his life at Ruby Pier, an amusement park by a Great Gray Ocean. This is also a place where Eddie killed by an accident. He is squat, white-haired, a short neck, a barrel chest, thick fore-arms, and a faded army tatto on his right shoulder. He uses a cane to get around. His legs are thin and veined now, and his left knee, wounded in war and is ruined by arthritis. He wears rubber-soled shoes and an old linen cap. The physical description of Eddie can be seen from the following quotation : “Eddie was a squat, white-haired old man, with a short neck, a barrel chest, thick forearms, and a faded army tattoo on his right shoulder. His legs were thin and veined now, and his left knee, wounded in the war, was ruined by arthritis. He used a cane to get around. His face was broad and craggy from the sun, with salty whiskers and a lowerjaw that protruded slightly, making him look prouder than he felt.” (Albom, 2003: 2).

Meanwhile the characteristic of Eddie can be stated as follow: 4.1.1 Fearfull Eddie is not a brave person. He gets frightened easily. For example when he wakes up in a teacup. It is a part of amusement park, the Ruby Pier of his childhood, some 75 years old ago. Here Eddie meets Blue Man. He is the person who Eddie meets in heaven. He tells Eddie about life, but Eddie just look tired and being silent. He feels frightened, his frighten shows on his face. He really doesn’t know who is Blue Man. He suddenly appears in Eddie’s life and Eddie never guesses before who he is. It shows in quotation below. “from his chair. "Don't be afraid... ." D ON'T BE AFRAID... ." THE BLUE MAN said, rising slowly His voice was soothing, but Eddie could only stare. He had barely known this man. Why was he seeing him now? He was like one of those faces that pops into your dreams and the next morning you say, "You'll never guess who I dreamed about last night.” (Albom, 2003:32)

“There are five people you meet in heaven,” the Blue Man suddenly said. “ each of us was in your life for a reason. You may not haveknown the reason at that time, and that is what heaven is for. For understanding your life on earth.” Eddie coughed , trying to bring up his. He was tired of being silent.” (Albom, 2003: 35) The quotation above shows when Eddie meets Blue Man in heaven and he says to Eddie that there are five people he met in heaven and each of them has a reason and teach him a lesson about life.

4.1.2 Responsible Eddie is a responsible person. It can be seen when he talks to Blue Man about his death. Blue Man says that his death is caused by Eddie himself, when he plays ball and cross the street. They argue about it. Eddie says that he has to pay for his sin. Eddie is really feel guilty and admit that it is his mistake. It can be seen from the following quotation: “Please, mister ...” Eddie pleaded. “ i didn’t know. Believ me... God help me I dind’t know.” The Blue Man nodded. “ You couldn’t know.You were too young.” “but now i gotta pay,” he said. “to pay?” “for my sin. That’s way i’m here, right? Justice?” Eddie shook his head. "We were throwing a ball. It was my stupidity, running out there like that. Why should you have to die on account of me? It ain't fair .” (Albom, 2003: 48).

4.1.3 Understanding One day in Captain’s burial ground after Eddie knows about Captain’s sacrifice. Captain tells about sacrifice in his experience as a soldier. He tells Eddie that he sacrifices his life to others in the war. Captain admits that he shoots his legs and that is the way Captain helps him and he says that Eddy lost something but he get something as well. He just don’t know it before. He thinks about what Captain said and has given up. Eddie offers his hand and Captain grips it tightly. “The Captain turned. "I shot you, all right," he said, "and you lost something, but you gained something as well. You just don't know it yet. I gained something, too." "What?" "I got to keep my promise. I didn't leave you behind. "He held out his palm. "Forgive me about theleg? "Eddie thought for a moment. He thought about the bitterness after his wounding, his anger at all he had given up. Then he thought of what the Captain had given up and he felt ashamed. He offered his hand. The Captain gripped it tightly.” (Albom, 2003: 94).