Level English Language Paper 2 questions and their verified answers, Exams of English Language

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Level English Language Paper 2 questions and

their verified answers

Zimmerman and West (Gender) - CORRECT ANSWERS In a mixed sex conversation, men were responsible for 96% of interruptions Thornborrow (Age) - CORRECT ANSWERS - Establishing identity and views of ourselves through language.

• Lexical choices, grammatical constructions and phonological features Lakoff (Gender) - CORRECT ANSWERS - Women are more tentative, use tag questions and hedges
• Use Standard English more and direct quotation
• Speak less and apologies more Eckert (Age) - CORRECT ANSWERS - Slang is used to establish connection to youth culture and separate themselves from the older generation
• E.g. like, rising intonation, multiple negation Fishman (Gender) - CORRECT ANSWERS - In a mixed sex conversation, women asked 2.5x more questions than men
• Women initiate more topics (62% vs 8%)
• Men hold the floor 2x more than women 3 Types of Age (Eckert) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Chronological age

2. Biological age
3. Social age Dixon, Mahoney and Cocks (Accent and Dialect) - CORRECT ANSWERS - Matched- guise

• Brummie accent is more likely to be found guilty Tannen (Gender) - CORRECT ANSWERS - Men use language to report, women use language to rapport
• Women maintain eye contact and ask more questions Labov (Accent and Dialect) - CORRECT ANSWERS - Martha's Vineyard
• Different groups pronounced diphthongs differently
• Population isolated themselves from tourists to establish identity Objectives of Female Speech (Crawford) - CORRECT ANSWERS - Create and maintain good relationships
• Criticize others in indirect ways

• Interpret the speech of other females Cheshire (Age) - CORRECT ANSWERS Adult and child language develops in response to important life events Baker (Sexuality) - CORRECT ANSWERS - Use of acronyms
• Word play and double entendre
• Plural meanings and ambiguity
• Not widely used lexical choices
• Terms for sexual practices Bradford Ethnicity Study - CORRECT ANSWERS - 95% of student’s codeswitch with Punjabi and English
• Language difference based on postcode
• Girls didn't codeswitch because they felt like the minority
• Slang influenced by heritage, pop culture and internet Cheshire (Gender) - CORRECT ANSWERS Boys use non-standard forms more than girls because they develop a sociolect, which reflects their friends' speech South London Ethnicity Study - CORRECT ANSWERS - Lexical choices originate from Jamaican/Afro-Caribbean
• Language isn't about ethnicity but where you live Strensom (Age) - CORRECT ANSWERS Irregular turn taking; overlaps; indistinct articulation; word shortenings; teasing and name calling; verbal dueling; slang; taboo vocabulary; language mixing Odato (Age) - CORRECT ANSWERS - Children begin using like at 4
• Girls use it more than boys by 5 Lakoff's Features of Female Speech - CORRECT ANSWERS Hedges, empty adjectives, super polite forms, apologies more, tag questions, speak in italics, avoid expletives Ives (Age) - CORRECT ANSWERS CBA and WTF - Question of identity or ability to conceal offensive language Cameron (Gender) - CORRECT ANSWERS - Claims about male and female language aren't backed by evidence
• Language use is determined by context not gender
• Gender is a performance construct De Klerk (Age) - CORRECT ANSWERS - Teens have a freedom to challenge linguistic norms
• Differentiate themselves from others

Dialect Levelling (Kerswill) - CORRECT ANSWERS Local variations of speech lose their distinctive, regional features in favour of a more urban or mainstream dialect. Talbot (Gender) - CORRECT ANSWERS Synthetic Sisterhood: Faking a sister relationship between young readers of magazines and the writer despite the patriarchal influences Drew, Heritage and Swales (Occupation) - CORRECT ANSWERS Institutional talk is usually goal oriented within that discourse community Bernstein (Occupation) - CORRECT ANSWERS Restricted code (formal) vs Elaborated code (informal) Koester (Occupation) - CORRECT ANSWERS phatic talk will always be commonplace in a workplace when beginning to talk about a task Face Theory (Goffman) - CORRECT ANSWERS - People have a face that they wish for others to see

• Face threatening acts
• Saving face