Levels of Measurement and Statistical Concepts, Exams of Descriptive statistics

Download Levels of Measurement and Statistical Concepts and more Exams Descriptive statistics in PDF only on Docsity! BESC 3010 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS Categorical variable --Answer-- Indicates different categories. Ex: gender, college major etc. Nominal variable --Answer-- The variable consists of names of categories. The coding system is arbitrary. Ordinal variables --Answer-- Indicates first, second, third, etc. rank variables. Quantitative variables --Answer-- You can measure the size of the differences between scores and not just that they are different. Divided into interval and ratio. Interval variable --Answer-- They indicate the size of the difference between scores but they don't have a zero starting point. ( IQ or temperature) Ratio variable --Answer-- Have definite zeros that indicate the complete absence of something. In a sample of women, the # of children that each woman has is an example of which levels of measurement? --Answer-- Ratio Military ranks are an example of what level of measurement? --Answer-- Ordinal Gender is an example of what level of measurement? --Answer-- Nominal A sample is part of a larger... --Answer-- Population A bivariate analysis typically focuses on... --Answer-- The association of two variables Inferential statistics are typically contrasted with what statistics? --Answer-- Descriptive Which is a defining characteristic of experiments? --Answer-- Manipulations The respondents gender is typically recorded a what kind of variable? -- Answer-- Nominal In an experiment, the variable that the researcher manipulates is called the (blank) variable --Answer-- Independent A variable that classifies people into racial or ethnic groups is what level of measurement? --Answer-- Nominal Which level of measurement has a true zero point? --Answer-- Ratio The # of students enrolled in a school each year is an example of which level of measurement? --Answer-- Ratio The variable that is measured as the outcome in an experiment is called the (blank) variable? --Answer-- Dependent Temp. Is measured at which level of measurement? --Answer-- Interval The amount of time that a person spends on social media each week in minutes is what kind of variable? --Answer-- Ratio If the # of games a team has lost in a season is subtracted from the # of games won that season, the resulting variable would be at what level of measurement? --Answer-- Interval The only level of measurement that does not place scores or categories into order ( and is therefore the lowest level of measurement) is what? --Answer-- Nominal The highest level of measurement ( the one that contains the most information) is what? --Answer-- Ratio If a persons sex is coded as male=1 or female=0, then the variable is at what level of measurement? --Answer-- Nominal If a person's sex is recorded as male or female then the variable is at what level of measurement? --Answer-- Nominal In a negatively skewed distribution which measure will generally have the highest value? --Answer-- Mode Which measure of central tendency is most influenced by outliers? --Answer-- Mean In a positively skewed distribution which measure will have the highest value? --Answer-- Mean What is the minimum level of measurement needed to calculate the mean? -- Answer-- Interval Which measure of central tendency Is most effected by outliers? --Answer-- Mean Which of the measures of central tendency works for nominal variables? -- Answer-- Neither the mean nor median works for nominal variables When a histogram for a quantitative variable has only one peak the. The distribution is referred to as.... --Answer-- Normal For which levels of measurement can you calculate the mode? --Answer-- Both ordinal and nominal Which measures of central tendency can be used with data on the ratio level of measurement? --Answer-- The mean and the mode Which measure of central tendency is always influenced by outliers? -- Answer-- The mean What is the highest level of measurement? --Answer-- Ratio When open- ended scores are present in data which measure of variability is most appropriate? --Answer-- Quartiles (such as inter quartile range) When data is negatively skewed, which measure of variability is most appropriate? --Answer-- Quartiles For a normal distribution which measure of variability is most efficient (in a statistical sense) --Answer-- Standard deviation Which measure requires a degrees of freedom calculation? --Answer-- Sample variance A narrow distribution that is sharply pointed in the middle and that has many outliers is called... --Answer-- Leptokurtic Which measure of variation is most influenced by outliers? --Answer-- Range Compared to a mesokurtic distribution, the peak of the platykurtic distribution is... --Answer-- Not as high For a normal distribution, skewness is equal to... --Answer-- Zero If the formula for the population standard deviation were used with sample data, the result would be... --Answer-- Too small One good use for range is to --Answer-- Check for outliers Compared to mesokurtic, the tails of a leptokurtic distribution ... --Answer-- Are longer If scores in a data set are very different from each other then the standard deviation... --Answer-- Will be high Which measure of variation is least sensitive to outliers? --Answer-- IQR For a normal distribution kurtosis is... --Answer-- 0 When scores in a data set are very close to one another, then the variance ... --Answer-- Will be close to zero What does the label Q2 refer to? --Answer-- The median score or the 50th percentile What are the values of skew ness and kurtosis for a normal distribution? -- Answer-- S=0 K = 0 What is the degrees of freedom for the sample variance? --Answer-- N-1 Compared to a mesokurtic distribution, the peak of a leptokurtic distribution is... --Answer-- Narrower and higher What is the relationship between the standard deviation and the variance? -- Answer-- The standard deviation is the square root of the variance For a distribution of m=80 and sd=6 what is the x score for a person who has a z score of -1.5? --Answer-- 71 If a positively skewed distribution with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15 is standardized, then the shape of the new distribution will be.... --Answer-- Positively skewed What percent of a normal distribution is below a z score of +1? --Answer-- 84% The standard normal distribution... --Answer-- Is a bell curve with m=0 and sd=1 If a person gets a z score of -2 on a test that had a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 5 then what was their raw score? --Answer-- 70 For a distribution with m=100 and sd= 15, what is the raw score of 112 -- Answer-- +0.8 In a positively skewed distribution which level of central tendency has the highest value? --Answer-- The mean In a Uniondale distribution with a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 20 what would the z score be for a raw score of 80? --Answer-- 0 In a bimodal distribution with a mean of 80 and a standard deviation of 20 what would be the z score for a raw score of 80? --Answer-- 0 When a distribution of raw scores is converted to z scores the shape of the distributions.... --Answer-- Remains the same When a distribution of raw scores is converted to z scores the mean and standard deviation of the distribution will be... --Answer-- M=0 and sd=1