Lifeguard Responsibilities and Safety Procedures at Aquatic Facilities, Exams of Advanced Education

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American Red Cross Lifeguarding Final Written Exam What is the primary responsibility of a lifeguard? - To prevent drowning and other injuries from occurring at their aquatic facility Provide three examples of how lifeguards fulfill their primary responsibility. - Monitoring activities in and near the water through patron surveillance, Administering first aid, CPR, and AED, and Working as a team with other lifeguards, facility staff, and management List five examples of secondary responsibilities that should never interfere with patron surveillance. - Testing pool water chemistry, Assist patrons by performing safety orientations, administrating swim tests, fitting life jackets, and other duties, Cleaning or performing maintenance, Completing records and reports, and Performing opening duties, closing duties, or facility safety checks and inspections List five characteristics of a professional lifeguard. - Knowledgeable and skilled, Reliable, Mature, Courteous and consistent, and Positive Lifeguards should always do what? - Be attentive and sit or stand upright when on surveillance duty A lifeguard is texting while on surveillance duty and fails to recognize a swimmer in distress. What legal principle could be a problem for this lifeguard? - Negligence List the five steps that a lifeguard should take when obtaining consent from an injured or ill person before providing first aid or emergency care. - State your name, State your level of training, Ask if you may help, Explain that you would like to assess them to find out what you think may be wrong or what you can do to help What is the validity period of an American Red Cross Lifeguarding certification? - Two years How does an American Red Cross certified lifeguard get recertified? - Going through the Lifeguard class or course again Why is it important to attend a pre-season orientation and training? - To ensure that lifeguards understand their responsibilities and know how to perform their job, To ensure that lifeguards get practice with their facility's safety and rescue equipment and emergency action plans, and To ensure lifeguards understand codes, rules, and regulations of the facility What does EAP stand for? - Emergency Action Plan Why is it important for lifeguards and other team members to understand and practice the EAP? - So everyone knows their responsibilities and can perform them effectively What is the best practice for the frequency of in-service training participation at well- managed aquatic facilities? - At least four hours of in-service training each month What are four topics that could be a discussed during in-service training? - Surveillance and recognition, Water and land rescue skills, Emergency response drills, and Decision-making protocols (or Facility rules and regulations, Customer service, Records and reports, and Physical conditioning) What are the benefits of regular, frequent in-service training? - Helps you maintain your knowledge and skills at a professional level, gives you a chance to practice with other lifeguards at your facility, and it will help you to efficiently respond as a team in an emergency In a water park setting, what additional items might be included in a safety checklist? - Inspecting and test run of rides and slides, Checking that rafts, tubes, and/or sleds are properly inflated and the handles are secure, Landing areas are free of rough surfaces and debris, Water level and flow is appropriate for attraction, and Electronic dispatch systems are tested and are operating properly Why should water parks have signs posted at every attraction stating the water depth? - To prevent patrons from finding themselves in water that is deeper or shallower than they expected What rules are typically covered at water park attractions? - The minimum or maximum number of people allowed on an attraction or tube at a time, The maximum and minimum height or weight requirements for patrons using an attraction, Rules for winding rivers, No jumping or diving into the water, No climbing on any features, Rules for water slides, and No stacking of tubes or life jackets What are some factors that make lifeguarding water parks different than typical pool? - Various attractions, Ride Vehicles, Currents on attractions, Potentially larger crowds, and Different rules and EAPs What items are considered to be personal protective equipment for a lifeguard? - Gowns, Shields, Resuscitation masks, Gloves, and Protective Eyewear What equipment should be worn or carried by a lifeguard at all times while on duty? (List at least two and include the reason(s) why this equipment should be worn or carried.) - Rescue tubes are capable of keeping multiple victims afloat and whistles are used to activate their facility's EAP and get attention of other members of the safety team and patrons for policy enforcement underwater or to hold their breath for an extended period while submerged in one place. If you see these dangerous activities, you must intervene. - Voluntary hyperventilation RID stands for - R: Recognition I: Intrusion D: Distraction During rotation, both lifeguards must ensure there is no lapse in patron surveillance, even for a brief moment. To ensure this, what should each lifeguard do? - The incoming lifeguard should search the zone and be aware of the activity level in the zone you will be guarding. Begin searching your zone as you are walking toward your station, checking all areas of the water from the bottom to the surface The outgoing lifeguard should inform you of any situations that need special attention. The exchange of information should be brief, and patron surveillance must be maintained throughout the entire rotation Which scanning challenge often occurs at waterfronts but should not exist at pools? - Murky water Who normally provides training for watercraft used at some waterfront facilities? - Facility management List the three major strategies a lifeguard can use to help prevent injuries at an aquatic facility. - 1) Safety checks 2) Enforcing rules 3) Recognize changing water and weather conditions List three things that can help determine if a life jacket is appropriate for use. - 1) Jacket is appropriately sized for patron 2) Jacket is properly worn 3) Jacket is in good working condition Many facilities have unique challenges that demand different kinds of surveillance. For each situation listed below, list two guidelines you should keep in mind when providing surveillance for patrons. - Guarding areas for young children: 1) Children might get list so remind parents to keep an eye on their children 2) Watch out for children using the pool as a toilet Play structures: 1) Watch for overcrowding and horseplay on structures 2) Pay attention to patron moving in water as moving water can surprise people and they may lose their balance Identify three strategies for ensuring safe group visits. - 1) Safety orientations 2) Designation of swim areas 3) Identification of group leaders or adult chaperones Why is it important to educate your patrons about safety in, on and around the water? - So they can know about the risks that can cause injury and how to use equipment and follow rules to prevent behaviors that lead to injury. You are in the lifeguard office taking a break from surveillance duty and a camp counselor requests a swim test for a new camper. You use the Red Cross water competency sequence to conduct a swim test. Describe these steps in order: - 1) Enter the water and completely submerge. 2) Recover to the surface and remain there for at least 1 minute (floating or treading). 3) Rotate 360 degrees and orient to the exit. 4) Level off and propel oneself on the front or the back through the water for at least 25 yards. 5) Exit from the water At waterfront facilities using swim tests for group visits, areas for nonswimmers should: - Be separated from the swimmer area with a continuous barrier, such as a pier or buoyed lifeline. Why should an EAP be facility specific? - Because every facility is designed differently, different equipment, and different response. Provide three examples of situation-based EAPs. - 1) Water Emergency- passive victim 2)Water Emergency- active victim 3)Land Emergency- injury or illness What are the EAP actions for a situation where the victim is responsive and does not require additional care? - 1) Signal 2) Rescue 3) Report, advise, release 4) Equipment check/corrective action 5) Return to duty Describe the actions of the additional safety team members listed below during a rescue where the victim is unresponsive and requires additional emergency care. - Other lifeguards: 1) The water or land rescue and providing emergency care 2) Back-up zone coverage or clearing the area Additional safety team members: (Front desk staff, maintenance staff or others as designated by the EAP) 1) Summoning EMS personnel 2) Bringing additional equipment, if necessary 3) Clearing the area or facility 4) Controlling the crowd 5) Meeting EMS personnel When completing a report, you should: - Collect all factual information about what was seen, heard and the actions taken. Who should deal with questions from the media after an incident? Select all that apply. Why? - Facility manager or company spokesperson - your doing so may lead to legal action. Why might a supervisor chose NOT to re-open a facility that was closed during an emergency? Provide one example. - There might not be enough lifeguards to return or there might be spills that need to be cleaned up Members of the safety team, including non-lifeguard personnel, should be: - Trained and certified in first aid and CPR/AED at the same level of the lifeguard team (for professionals) After an emergency has been resolved, there are still three important tasks to complete. Explain each task. - Report: complete an incident report form Advise: advise the victim on next steps (ex. go to doctor) Release: release the victim to the appropriate parties (ex: child to their parent) You must be prepared to respond to emergencies that are outside of the immediate aquatic environment and not part of your zone of responsibility. Describe three areas where these emergencies could occur. - 1) Parking lots 2) Locker rooms 3) Lobby areas An EAP for a missing person includes quickly checking if the person is in the water. Checking for a submerged victim is most difficult for which area? - Underneath play structures at a waterfront with murky water List the general procedures, in order, for situations involving a water rescue. - 1) Activate the emergency action plan 2) Enter the water, if necessary 3) Perform an appropriate rescue 4) Move the victim to a safe exit point 5) Remove the victim from water 6) Provide emergency care as needed 7) Report, advise, and release