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Lifespan Development Midterm Exam latest 2025 Get A+
Theories... A. ensure proper use of research procedures B. illustrate the ultimate truth regarding human behavior C. are mere opinions or beliefs D. guide and give meaning to what we see D. guide and give meaning to what we see According to the lifespan perspective... A. development stops at adolescence B. development is a lifelong process C. Aging is marked by ongoing, steady declines D. little developmental change occurs during adulthood B. development is a lifelong process A special strength of the psychoanalytic perspective is... A. its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history B. the clarity of the concept of ego functioning C. the ease of empirically testing its ideas D. its use of a wide variety of research methods A. its emphasis on understanding the individuals unique life history
Unlike Freud, Erik Erikson.... A. primarily focused on the importance of early life experiences B. viewed children as taking a more active role in their own development C. minimized the role of culture in individual development D. pointed out that normal development must be understood in relation to each culture's life situation D. pointed out that normal development must be understood in relation to each culture's life situation Dr. Faulkner believes that directly observable events --stimuli and responses -- are the appropriate focus of the study of development. Dr. Faulkner probably follows the _____ perspective of development. A. psychosexual B. psychosocial C. behaviorism D. cognitive-developmental C. behaviorism According to B.F. Skinner, the frequency of a behavior can be decreased through... A. modeling B. punishment C. reinforcement D. classical conditioning B. punishment
Information processing researchers... A. often design flowcharts to map the precise steps individuals use to solve problems and complete tasks B. focus on directly observable events C. believe that children gradually become more selective in what they imitate D. believe that children actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore the world A. often design flowcharts to map the precise steps individuals use to solve problems and complete tasks Christine is 5'7" and has blue eyes. Such directly observable characteristics are called... A. alleles B. phenotypes C. chromosomes D. genotypes B. phenotypes Fraternal twins are created when... A. two different ova are released and fertilized B. two ova are fertilized by the same sperm cell C. one ovum is fertilized by two different sperm cells D. a fertilized ovum divides into two cluster of cells A. two different ova are released and fertilized
Maya tested positive for PKU at birth and will ____ to have a normal lifespan. A. require horn therapy B. have to be placed on a diet low in phenylalanine C. need regular injections of insulin D. require frequent blood transfusion B. have to be placed on a diet low in phenylalanine The 21 pair of chromosomes failed to separate during meiosis, so Aziz received three of these chromosomes rather than the normal two. Aziz has _ syndrome. A. XYY B. Klinefelter C. turner D. down D. down The information gained from ______ may help parents decide whether to attempt to conceive, adopt, or choose from a variety of additional reproductive technologies. A. gene therapy B. genetic counseling C. prenatal diagnosis D. amniocentesis
C. subcultures ______ is a field devoted to uncovering the contributions of nature and nurture to the diversity in human traits and abilities. A. epigenesis B. behavioral genetics C. environmental genetics D. child development B. behavioral genetics Recently, researchers have made strides in identifying gene-environment interactions in _____ development. A. personality B. cognitive C. motor D. social A. personality The age of viability.... A. is the point at which the baby can first survive if born early B. occurs sometime between 18 and 21 weeks C. is the point at which the baby can be born without being premature D. occurs sometime during the second trimester of pregnancy
A. is the point at which the baby can first survive if born early Which of the following statements about teratogens is true? A. the harm done by teratogens is simple and straightforward B. any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period is a teratogen C. smaller doses over shorter time periods have more negative effects D.. teratogens have an equal impact on fetal development during each prenatal period B. any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period is a teratogen Mateo was born prematurely to Yvonne, a heroin addict. Mateo's caregivers can expect that... A. he will have a low birth weight, be irritable, and have trouble sleeping B. he will overcome the harmful effects of drug exposure by age 3 C. he will have characteristics of Down Syndrome D. his motor development will be especially rapid during the first year A. he will have a low birth weight, be irritable, and have trouble sleeping Mental impairment associated with all three fetal alcohol spectrum disorders diagnoses... A. generally disappears by the preschool years B. is minor C. usually improves by adolescence
C. epidural analgesia Small for date infants _________ than perform infants. A. have chubbier cheeks and larger eyes B. are less likely to die C. more often show evidence of brain damage D. more often are held close, touched and talked to gently C. more often show evidence of brain damage Which of at the following statements about caring for preterm infants is true? A. compared with full term infants, preterm babies are more often held close, touched, and talked to gently B. even parents with stable life circumstances and social supports usually cannot overcome the stresses of caring for a preterm infant C. preterm infants who are left in isolettes and are rarely touched gain weight faster and at the end of the first year are more advanced in mental and motor development over preterm babies given massage stimulation D. mothers and fathers practicing kangaroo skin to skin contact feel more confident about caring for their preterm babies and interact more sensitively and affectionately with them D. mothers and fathers practicing kangaroo skin to skin contact feel more confident about caring for their preterm babies and interact more sensitively and affectionately with them The sense of vision...
A. is well developed at birth B. is the least developed of a newborns senses C. becomes more adult like a few days after birth D. is more developed at birth than the sense of hearing B. is the least developed of a newborns senses The rise in body fat during the first year of life... A. insulates infants' brittle bones until proper cartilage is formed B. help infants keep a constant body temperature C. cushions infants from bumps and falls D. slows the development of fine motor skills B. help infants keep a constant body temperature At birth, the ______ is nearer to its adult size than any other physical structure. A. brain B. heart C. femur D. liver A. brain The cerebral cortex.... A. contains a small number of neurons and synapses
A. marasmus B. iron deficiency anemia C. kwashiorkor D. nonorganic failure to thrive C. kwashiorkor In operant conditioning, a reinforcer... A. decreases the occurrence of a response B. removes a desirable stimulus C. is a neutral stimulus D. is a stimulus that increases the occurrence of a response D. is a stimulus that increases the occurrence of a response In operant conditioning, a punishment involves... A. a stimulus that greatly increases the occurrence of a response B. removing a desirable stimulus C. presenting a neutral stimulus D. a gradual increase in the occurrence of a response B. removing a desirable stimulus Of all motor skills, ______ may play the greatest role in infant cognitive development. A. waling
B. sitting up C. rolling over D. reaching D. reaching Intermodal... A. sensitivity is crucial for perceptual development B. relationships are seldom mastered until the second half of the first year C. stimulation is too overwhelming for newborns D. perception develops slowly over the first several years A. sensitivity is crucial for perceptual development Piaget believed that infants and toddlers... A. cannot solve practical problems B. are incapable of constructing schemes C. assimilate more than they accommodate D. "think" with their eyes, ears and hands D. "think" with their eyes, ears and hands Baby Olivia retrieves a stuffed sheep that her mother has hidden under a blanket. Olivia has begun to master... A. reflexive schemes B. the primary circular reaction
B. refers to a range of tasks too difficult for the child to do alone but possible with the help of more skilled partners C. is a Piagetian concept that provides that infants stumble onto a new experience and then actively try to repeat it D. helps identify for intervention babies who are likely to have developmental problems B. refers to a range of tasks too difficult for the child to do alone but possible with the help of more skilled partners Most mental tests focus on... A. the process of development B. cognitive products C. how children thinking changes D. environmental influences on intelligence B. Cognitive products Most infant intelligence tests emphasize _____ and ____. A. concepts; memory B. memory; mental representations C. perceptual responses; motor responses D. attention; categorization C. perceptual responses; motor responses Good child care...
A. cannot sustain the benefits of growing up n an economically advantaged family B. improves children intelligence test scores in all measures except cognitive and social skills C. is more readily available in the United States than in most European countries D. can reduce the negative impact of a stressed, poverty stricken home life D. can reduce the negative impact of a stressed, poverty stricken home life Hearing babies of deaf, signing parents... A. do not babble B. produce a range of early sounds but stop babbling entirely around 6 months C. produce babble like hand motions with the rhyme patterns of natural sign languages D. are unprepared for conversational behavior C. produce babble like hand motions with the rhyme patterns of natural sign languages Ursula speaks to her infant son in short sentences made up of high pitched exaggerated expression, clear pronunciation, distinct pauses between speech segments, and repetition of new words in a variety of contexts. Ursula uses... A. preverbal speech B. infant directed speech C. telegraphic speech D. referential communication B. infant directed speech According to Erikson, a healthy outcome during infancy depends on the ...
B. involves actively seeking emotional information from a trusted person C. does not emerge until the preschool years D. involves the use of strategies to adjust an emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity D. involves the use of strategies to adjust an emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity Temperament referes to... A. quickness and intensity of emotional arousal, attention, and motor activity B. the strategies we use to adjust our emotional state to a comfortable level of intensity C. early appearing stable individual differences in reactivity and self regulation D. emotions that involves injury to or enhancement of our sense of self C. early appearing stable individual differences in reactivity and self regulation ______ tend to show excessive fearfulness and slow constricted behavior in the late preschool and school years. A. slow to warm up child B. difficult children C. easy children D. children who do not fit in any Thomas and Chess's temperament categories A. slow to warm up child Baby Travis is happy when he interacts with his [arents and is comforted by their nearness when he is stressed. This strong affectionate tie is known as... A. temperament
B. goodness of fit C. attachment D. emotional self regulation C. attachment In the strange situation, a baby who demonstrates a secure attachment... A. is unresponsive to the parent when she is present and does not show distress when she leaves B. uses the parent as a secure base and actively seeks contact when the parent returns C. clings to the parent and fails to explore D. shows confused, contradictory behaviors B. uses the parent as a secure base and actively seeks contact when the parent returns Mounting evidence indicates that _______ determine(s) whether attachment security is linked to later development. A. cognitive capabilities B. infant temperament C. continuity of caregiving D. heredity C. continuity of caregiving Young children's capacity to ________ is influenced by both biologically based temperament and quality of caregiving. A. delay gratification
