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Which device reduces voltage and provides current to produce an electron cloud or space charge at the filament? - ANSWER-Step-down transformer
What changes AC to DC? - ANSWER-Rectifier
Which of the following is surrounded by a negatively charged focusing cup? - ANSWER-Filament
What occurs when radiation transfers its energy to the cellular cytoplasm? - ANSWER-Indirect effect
What regulates the duration of x-ray production? - ANSWER-Timer
What is located in the x-ray circuit between the high-voltage transformer and the x-ray tube? - ANSWER-Rectifier
Which of the following measures tube current? - ANSWER-mA meter
What device spins at 10,000-12,000 rpm? - ANSWER-Anode
What device uses maximum heat storage ability of the tube to deliver mAs? - ANSWER-Falling load generator
What is the source of bremsstrahlung and characteristic rays? - ANSWER-anode
What is the destruction of pathogens through the use of chemical materials termed? - ANSWER-Disinfection
What percentage of energy in the x-ray tube is converted to x-rays? - ANSWER-1%
The x-ray beam is: - ANSWER-Heterogeneous or polyenergetic—consisting of many different energies (wavelengths)
The x-ray emission spectrum consists of: - ANSWER-Discrete spectrum (produced by characteristic rays) and continuous spectrum (produced by brems rays)
Which of the following statements regarding filtration is true? - ANSWER-Total filtration (not less than 2.5-mm aluminum equivalent) = inherent filtration (glass envelope, tube housing, oil) + added filtration (aluminum)
The primary purpose of filtration is: - ANSWER-Radiation protection
Single-phase, full-wave rectification produces: - ANSWER-Pulsating direct current with 120 pulses per second and 100% ripple
Three-phase, 6-pulse full-wave rectification produces: - ANSWER-Direct current with 13% ripple
Three-phase, 12-pulse full-wave rectification produces: - ANSWER-Direct current with 4% ripple
The collimator must be accurate to a level of: - ANSWER-±2% of SID
kVp must be accurate to within: - ANSWER-10% of the control panel setting
Exposure linearity must be accurate to within: - ANSWER-10%
Exposure reproducibility must be accurate to within: - ANSWER-5%
The test that measures the accuracy of successive exposures is: - ANSWER- Exposure reproducibility
Which of the following should be used as interpreter for patients having language barriers? - ANSWER-A trained interpreter
If a radiographer continues a lumbar spine examination after the patient states that he or she does not want to finish the examination, that radiographer can be found guilty of - ANSWER-battery
While in your care for a radiologic procedure, a patient asks to see his chart. Which of the following is the appropriate response? - ANSWER-Inform the patient that he has the right to see his chart but that he should request to view it with his physician so that it is interpreted properly.
Which of the following conditions must be met in order for patient consent to be valid? - ANSWER-The patient must sign the consent form before receiving sedation.
The physician named on the consent form must perform the procedure.
All the blanks on the consent form must be filled in before the patient signs the form.
How should the wheelchair footrests be positioned as a patient is assisted into or out of a wheelchair? - ANSWER-Moved aside
You and a fellow radiographer have received an unconscious patient from a motor vehicle accident. As you perform the examination, it is important that you - ANSWER-refer to the patient by name.
make only those statements that you would make with a conscious patient.
reassure the patient about what you are doing.
When a patient arrives in the radiology department with a urinary Foley catheter bag, it is important to - ANSWER-place the drainage bag below the level of the bladder.
When a patient with one strong side and one weak side is being assisted onto an x-ray table, the radiographer should - ANSWER-position the stronger side closer to the table.
Handwashing is the easiest way of preventing spread of microorganisms, and health care professionals should wash their hands before and after every patient. Additionally, it is particularly essential that the radiographer wash his/her hands after contact with - ANSWER-blood/body fluids.
What technique is used to prevent the spread of pathogens and protect the patient from infection? - ANSWER-Aseptic
The Joint Commission (TJC) requires that health care personnel to use at least how many patient identifiers to validate identity before proceeding with the health care services? - ANSWER-Two
True or false, the radiographer's most important task if the patient experiences a seizure is to protect the patient from injury? - ANSWER-True
What is the term used to describe the use of various devices to help prevent patient movement during imaging procedures? - ANSWER-Immobilization
Select the violations of ARRT Rules of Ethics from the following: - ANSWER- Submitting misleading educational history
Revealing privileged patient communication
Violating state/federal narcotics laws
Which is the term used to describe patient protection concerning release of their private information? - ANSWER-Confidentiality
Conditions required for valid patient consent include which of the following? - ANSWER-I. Legal age
II. Sound mind
III. Consent freely
IV. Adequately informed
True or false, the use of physical restraints on adult patients requires a physician's order? - ANSWER-True
What is the normal respiratory rate for adults? - ANSWER-12 to 18 breaths per minute
Tuberculosis, varicella, and rubeola are examples of infections transmitted via transmission. - ANSWER-airborne
Disposable materials wet with contaminated blood or body fluids should be placed where? - ANSWER-n a special container marked with biohazard symbol
What is the difference between assault and battery? - ANSWER-Assault is the threat to touch another in an injurious way; battery is unlawful touching of another without consent
Reservoir of is the term used to describe the principal habitat where a particular infectious agent lives and multiplies, and from which it can spread to cause disease. - ANSWER-infection
Which is the term used to describe the ethical principle of truthfulness? - ANSWER-Veracity
An inanimate object that has been in contact with an infectious microorganism is termed a - ANSWER-fomite.
What type of transmission-based precaution is required for influenza, mumps, and rubella? - ANSWER-Droplet
Which is the ethical term used to describe no evil, that is, our obligation not to inflict harm? - ANSWER-Nonmaleficence
When performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on an infant, it is recommended that the number of compressions per minute, compared with that for an adult,
decrease. - ANSWER-remain the same.
Which of the following guidelines should be followed when performing radiographic examinations on pediatric patients? - ANSWER-Use restraint only when necessary
Vehicles of infection include which of the following? - ANSWER-I. Contaminated water
II. Food
III. Blood
IV. Drugs
Which of the following is necessary to prove when claiming a case of malpractice?
- ANSWER-Improper practices by the defendant caused the injury
Identify the 4 objective/physical signs below - ANSWER-Blood pressure
Febrile
Diaphoresis
Rapid pulse
In the following list, identify the three procedures that are NOT covered by consent given by the patient at the time of hospital admission. - ANSWER- Arteriogram, Myelogram, Spinal facet injection
Which of the following increases the risk of falling when a patient is moved from a wheelchair to an exam table? (Select the three that apply) - ANSWER-Orthostatic hypotension, Placing the wheelchair perpendicular to the table, An unnoticed urinary collection bag
Which is among the guidelines for determining when the gonads should be shielded? - ANSWER-When the gonads are within 5 centimeters of the collimated primary beam
When the patient is of reproductive age
When clinical objectives permit
Example of radiation-induced conditions that follow a linear nonthreshold dose- response relationship include? - ANSWER-genetic effects
radiation-induced cancer
leukemia
What minimum total amount of filtration (inherent plus added) is required in x- ray equipment operated above 70 kVp? - ANSWER-2.5 mm Al equivalent
Which x-ray production process do most x-rays get produced by? - ANSWER- Bremsstrahlung
Where/how should a typical personal radiation monitor be worn? - ANSWER-At collar level, facing forward
The following are types of protective apparel for personnel. - ANSWER-Lead aprons
Lead gloves
Thyroid shields
True or false, the energy of an x-ray beam be described as polyenergetic, or having a spectrum of energies? - ANSWER-True
The genetic dose of radiation borne by each member of the reproductive population is called the - ANSWER-genetically significant dose
Because the primary x-ray beam is polyenergetic, the entrance dose is often: - ANSWER-significantly greater than the exit dose.
The type of acute radiation syndrome that requires the least amount of ionizing radiation dose to occur is: - ANSWER-Hematological
Where/how should a fetal personal radiation monitor be worn? - ANSWER-Under the lead apron, at waist level
Which of the following illustrates the inverse square law? - ANSWER-Distance is a most effective protection from radiation.
Which is not a type of patient shield? - ANSWER-Flat shadow shields
The two basic types of protective barriers are - ANSWER-primary barriers and secondary barriers.
Which of the following results in total absorption of an incident x-ray photon? - ANSWER-Photoelectric interaction
What agency publishes radiation protection standards based on scientific research? - ANSWER-National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP)
