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Louisiana Horticulture Test Study Guide
/ Actual Questions & Answers for
Guaranteed Pass / Newest Update
1. Which of the following soil textures holds the most water? A. Sand B. Clay C. Loam D. Silt 2. What is the primary benefit of adding organic matter to soil? A. Increases pH B. Promotes weed growth C. Improves soil structure and water retention D. Makes the soil more compact 3. What is the optimal pH range for most horticultural crops? A. 3.5 – 4. B. 6.0 – 7. C. 7.5 – 8. D. 9.0 – 10. 4. In Louisiana, a licensed horticulturist must renew their license every: A. 6 months B. 1 year C. 2 years D. 5 years
5. What is the function of phosphorus in plant growth? A. Stimulates leaf development B. Encourages root and flower development C. Increases resistance to insects D. Controls pH
6. Which type of insecticide is considered systemic****? A. Pyrethrin B. Imidacloprid C. Rotenone D. Diatomaceous Earth 7. What is the best time to prune azaleas in Louisiana? A. Just after they finish blooming in spring B. Mid-summer C. Fall D. During winter dormancy 8. What is the name of the Louisiana agency that regulates horticulture licenses? A. Louisiana Department of Environment B. Louisiana Landscaping Bureau C. Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry (LDAF) D. Louisiana Board of Contractors 9. Which of the following irrigation systems is most water-efficient for landscape beds? A. Overhead sprinkler B. Drip irrigation C. Soaker hose D. Manual watering 10. Which part of the plant is responsible for photosynthesis? A. Roots B. Leaves C. Flowers D. Bark
B. Underwatering C. Aeration D. Shade
18. Which of the following is a warm-season grass suitable for Louisiana lawns? A. Fescue B. Bermuda C. Kentucky Bluegrass D. Ryegrass 19. In Louisiana, which license is required to install and maintain landscape irrigation systems? A. General Contractor B. Horticulture Applicator C. Landscape Irrigation Contractor License D. Home Improvement License 20. What is the correct mowing height for St. Augustine grass in Louisiana? A. 1 inch B. 2.5 to 4 inches C. 5 inches D. 6.5 inches 21. Which plant part is responsible for absorbing water and nutrients? A. Stem B. Roots C. Leaves D. Flowers 22. What is the best method to propagate woody shrubs? A. Grafting B. Budding C. Semi-hardwood cuttings D. Division 23. Which grass is considered a cool-season grass? A. Tall Fescue B. Bermuda
C. Zoysia D. Centipede
24. Which soil type drains water the fastest? A. Clay B. Loam C. Sand D. Silt 25. What is the primary cause of compacted soil in landscapes? A. Too much irrigation B. Earthworms C. Heavy foot or equipment traffic D. Lack of sun 26. Which nutrient deficiency causes interveinal chlorosis in younger leaves? A. Nitrogen B. Iron C. Phosphorus D. Potassium 27. Which of the following is a perennial broadleaf weed? A. Crabgrass B. Goosegrass C. Chickweed **D. Dandelion
- What is the most effective way to reduce turf disease? A. Proper mowing height and watering practices** B. Applying more nitrogen C. Avoiding all pruning D. Reducing potassium use 29. What is the function of stomata in leaves? A. Root growth B. Gas exchange and transpiration C. Reproduction D. Photosynthesis
B. Whitefly C. Slug D. Spider mite
37. How often should irrigation systems be checked for proper function? A. Every 2 years B. Once after installation C. At least every season D. Never if on a timer 38. What is the typical recommended slope away from buildings for drainage? A. 0.25% B. 0.5% C. 2% D. 5% 39. What part of the Louisiana Administrative Code regulates horticulture licensing? A. Title 2 B. Title 7, Part XXIX C. Title 9 D. Title 4, Part II 40. Louisiana horticulturists must earn how many CEU hours for license renewal? A. 2 hours B. 6 hours C. 12 hours D. 10 hours 41. Which type of irrigation applies water most uniformly in a lawn? A. Soaker hose B. Pop-up sprinkler system C. Bucket irrigation D. Subsurface drip 42. What type of pruning removes dead or diseased branches? A. Sanitation pruning
B. Heading C. Shearing D. Renewal pruning
43. What is the best time of year to plant trees in Louisiana? A. Summer B. Fall to early winter C. Mid-spring D. Late summer 44. What causes "damping off" in seedlings? A. Fungal disease from overwatering B. Insects C. Nutrient excess D. Too much sun 45. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of overwatering? A. Yellowing leaves B. Crisp, dry leaf edges C. Root rot D. Fungal growth 46. Which fertilizer ratio promotes flowering? A. 20- 0 - 0 B. 5- 10 - 10 C. 15- 15 - 15 D. 25- 5 - 10 47. What is the best organic amendment for improving clay soil? A. Sand B. Compost C. Lime D. Peat moss 48. What tool is used to aerate lawns? A. Shovel B. Core aerator
C. Minimum winter temperature range D. Sunlight hours
55. Which of the following grasses is best for low maintenance in Louisiana? A. Kentucky Bluegrass B. Centipede C. Tall Fescue D. Ryegrass 56. What is a common sign of fungal leaf spot? A. Powdery coating B. Circular brown or black spots with yellow halos C. Leaf curling D. Root knots 57. What is the best way to control crabgrass in lawns? A. Apply fungicide B. Use a pre-emergent herbicide in early spring C. Over-fertilize D. Water daily 58. What does a thatch layer thicker than 0.5 inches cause? A. Better root growth B. Reduced water penetration and disease risk C. Enhanced drainage D. Promotes air circulation 59. Which of the following is a warm-season annual flower for Louisiana? A. Pansy B. Dianthus C. Marigold D. Snapdragon 60. What does the term “plant hardening off” mean? A. Drying out the plant B. Gradually acclimating a plant to outdoor conditions C. Fertilizing the plant D. Cutting off flowers
61. What is the primary cause of chlorosis in plants growing in high pH soils? A. Nitrogen deficiency B. Iron deficiency C. Phosphorus toxicity D. Potassium excess 62. Which of these is a common insect pest of azaleas in Louisiana? A. White grub B. Azalea lace bug C. Armyworm D. Leafhopper 63. What is the best way to avoid root rot in container plants? A. Use heavy clay soil B. Water daily without drainage C. Ensure good drainage and avoid overwatering D. Keep plants in dark areas 64. Which type of mulch breaks down the fastest? A. Rubber mulch B. Gravel C. Pine bark mulch D. Plastic sheeting 65. What type of leaf arrangement has leaves directly opposite each other on the stem? A. Alternate B. Opposite C. Whorled D. Rosette 66. What is the name of the disease that causes powdery white fungal growth on leaves? A. Leaf spot B. Rust C. Powdery mildew D. Blight
73. When is the best time to apply pre-emergent herbicides for summer annual weeds in Louisiana? A. Mid-summer B. Late winter to early spring C. Late fall D. Late summer 74. What is the main purpose of pruning flowering shrubs immediately after blooming? A. Encourage root growth B. Avoid cutting off next season’s flower buds C. Prevent leaf disease D. Reduce water use 75. Which of these is NOT a part of integrated pest management (IPM)? A. Monitoring pest populations B. Using biological controls C. Applying pesticides indiscriminately D. Cultural practices to reduce pests 76. How should you dispose of pesticide containers after use? A. Reuse for other liquids B. Throw in regular trash C. Triple rinse and follow local disposal regulations D. Pour residue on plants 77. What is the main advantage of drip irrigation in landscapes? A. Covers large areas quickly B. Cools the air C. Delivers water directly to root zones minimizing evaporation D. Promotes weed growth 78. Which of the following is a sign of nitrogen deficiency in plants? A. Leaf curling B. Yellowing of older leaves C. Wilting D. Leaf spots
79. Which tool is best for making clean cuts on tree branches? A. Hedge shears B. Pruning saw C. Lawn mower D. Chainsaw 80. What is the main purpose of a soil test? A. Identify pests B. Measure soil moisture C. Determine nutrient levels and pH D. Check for insects 81. Which turfgrass requires the highest mowing height? A. Bermuda B. St. Augustine C. Zoysia D. Centipede 82. What is the best method to control nematodes in soil? A. Heavy fertilization B. Overwatering C. Crop rotation and soil solarization D. Frequent mowing 83. What is the botanical term for seed leaves in plants? A. Petiole B. Cotyledons C. Stigma D. Anther 84. Which cultural practice helps reduce fungal disease in plants? A. Overhead irrigation in the evening B. Watering early in the day to allow foliage to dry C. Crowding plants close together D. Increasing humidity 85. What is the name of the root system where many roots spread out laterally near the soil surface?
91. Which of the following best describes a “transplant shock”? A. Plant disease B. Stress due to root disturbance and water loss after moving C. Pest infestation D. Excess fertilizer 92. What is the primary cause of turfgrass “scalping”? A. Dull mower blade B. Overwatering C. Mowing too low D. High fertilizer rate 93. Which of these plants is classified as an annual in Louisiana? A. Crepe Myrtle B. Camellia C. Petunia D. Magnolia 94. What is the best way to control weeds in landscape beds without chemicals? A. Frequent watering B. Mulching and hand pulling C. Fertilizing heavily D. Overcrowding plants 95. Which nutrient is most likely to leach out of sandy soils? A. Phosphorus B. Nitrogen (nitrate form) C. Potassium D. Calcium 96. Which plant hormone is primarily involved in fruit ripening? A. Auxin B. Gibberellin C. Ethylene D. Cytokinin 97. Which type of pesticide targets fungi? A. Herbicide
B. Insecticide C. Fungicide D. Rodenticide
98. What is the primary benefit of companion planting? A. To increase soil compaction B. To reduce pests and improve growth C. To increase fertilizer needs D. To shade plants excessively 99. What is a major environmental concern related to over-fertilization? A. Soil compaction B. Nutrient runoff causing water pollution C. Increased pollination D. Reduced plant growth 100. Which of the following is a safety precaution when applying pesticides? A. Wearing sandals B. Using personal protective equipment (PPE) C. Applying on windy days D. Mixing chemicals without reading labels
