Nursing Theory and Practice: Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

Download Nursing Theory and Practice: Questions and Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers Which of the following are the concepts common among most nursing philosophies, models, and theories? a. Person, nurse, health, and environment b. Person, physician, health, and environment c. Person, nurse, health, and culture d. Person, nurse, environment, and culture - correct answer Person, nurse, health, and environment What skills would a nurse demonstrate if the nurse reached the "competent stage" of Patricia Benner's theory of skill acquisition? a. Relies on more experienced nurses for guidance b. Can multitask, set goals, and think analytically c. Can see the whole picture and recognizes subtle changes in condition d. Recognizes patterns and responds automatically - correct answer Can multitask, set goals, and think analytically A group of nursing students was discussing the functions of nursing theories. Which statement below would give the impression a student requires more review of the material? Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers a. "Nursing theories help guide professional practice by interpreting evidence." b. "Nursing theories have little effect on decision-making in practice." c. "Nursing theories are influenced by personal values and beliefs." d. "Nursing theories influence professional behaviors." - correct answer "Nursing theories have little effect on decision-making in practice." What criterion would the nurse use to support Hildegard Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relations? a. The relationship between nurse and doctor b. The mutual caring relationship c. Meeting the needs of nurse and patient d. The relationship between nurse and patient - correct answer The relationship between nurse and patient The nurse providing teaching on a weight loss program to the obese patient is applying which nursing model developed by Nola Pender? Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers a. "Nursing conceptual models provide a broad explanation of the world". b. "Nursing conceptual models are composed of a defined and interrelated set of concepts". c. "Nursing conceptual models are abstract concepts that propose outcomes". d. "Nursing conceptual models are related constructs that broadly explain a phenomenon of interest". - correct answer "Nursing conceptual models are related constructs that broadly explain a phenomenon of interest". Which of the following is an example of the application of Levine's Conservation Model to the clinical setting? a. Teaching the patient to self-administer insulin b. Encouraging the patient to ambulate c. Obtaining a wheelchair for the patient d. Arranging for the patient's family to visit - correct answer Obtaining a wheelchair for the patient Select the scientific theory used in several nursing theories to explain the following scenario: One nurse, whose adult son died in the ER 11 years ago, contends Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers that she can never walk into a hospital again and quits her job. A second nurse, whose husband died in the hospital, continues to work her shifts responsibly and compassionately without incident. a. Role theory b. Adaptation theory c. Developmental theories d. Systems theory - correct answer Adaptation theory Identify the catalyst of Jean Watson's Theory of Care. a. Personal values and beliefs b. Belief that nursing practice should be autonomous c. Changes in health care delivery and patient satisfaction survey responses d. Theories promoting the capacity of self-care - correct answer Personal values and beliefs Which of the following is an example of the application of Madeleine Leininger's Cultural Care Theory of Diversity and Universality? Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers a. Preparing a patient for a medical procedure by using medical terminology b. Learning about diverse ethnic patient populations c. Planning nursing care in a standardized manner ensuring that everyone is treated the same way d. Asking a non-English-speaking patient to provide an English-speaking person to translate details of care - correct answer Learning about diverse ethnic patient populations Which is an example of Dorothea Orem's Theory of Self- Care Deficit? a. A nurse asks a patient how much she can do for herself following a stroke. b. A nurse performs total care on a stroke patient to conserve the patient's energy. c. A nurse leaves a stroke patient to walk to the bathroom and shower by herself. d. A nurse enables a stroke patient to wash up in bed by providing bath wipes. - correct answer A nurse enables a stroke patient to wash up in bed by providing bath wipes Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers d. All dogs have fleas; therefore, my dog has fleas. - correct answer Every eagle seen this week has dark feathers; therefore, all eagles have dark feathers. What parts make up and work together in Imogene King's Theory of Goal Attainment? a. Creating a method to evaluate outcomes b. Defining quality nursing care c. Setting goals d. Focusing on self-care e. Maintaining a clean environmen - correct answer Creating a method to evaluate outcomes Defining quality nursing care Setting goals How would you justify that a nursing theory is, in fact, a middle-range nursing theory? a. It is simple, clear, generalizable, and accessible. b. It focuses on answering specific nursing practice questions. c. It predicts the effects of one phenomenon on another. Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers d. It explains relationships. e. It is built on several important adapted scientific theories - correct answer It focuses on answering specific nursing practice questions. It predicts the effects of one phenomenon on another. It explains relationships. Which statement by the nurse illustrates how a RN's patient assessment differs from the LPNs patient assessment? a. The RN gathers basic date for interpretation by the LPN. b. The RN function is to provide assistance with dressing and bathing. c. The RN assesses the patient as a whole and interprets the findings. d. The RN reports abnormal findings to the physician - correct answer The RN assesses the patient as a whole and interprets the findings. The nurse is using Gordon's 11 categories for data collection in performing a health assessment. Which of the following represents assessment of cognition? Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers a. How educated is the patient? b. How does the patient describe his or her health? c. Is the patient well nourished? d. Has the patient had treatment for emotional problems? - correct answer How educated is the patient? The nurse is charting on the patient who is status post- surgery for an abdominal abscess and notes: "Pt's temperature has not exceeded 37°C this shift." This is an example of a(n) a. intervention. b. outcome. c. plan. d. diagnosis or analysis. - correct answer outcome Which outcome statement is a properly written goal? a. The patient will be free of pain b. The patient will verbalize the importance of lifestyle changes. Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers a. renal failure on dialysis whose WBC is 10,000 mm (normal). b. abdominal aneurysm whose blood pressure is 170/90. c. atrial fibrillation whose lab results show and INR of 2.5 (normal). d. endocarditis who has a loud heart murmur - correct answer abdominal aneurysm whose blood pressure is 170/90. While the nurse is taking the health history, the patient states, "My father and grandfather both had heart attacks and were unable to be very active afterward." How does the nurse interpret this? This statement is related to the functional health pattern of a. activity-exercise. b. cognitive-perceptual. c. health perception-health management. d. coping-stress tolerance - correct answer health perception-health management Which of the following is an example of a measurable outcome for the patient who has undergone a surgical procedure with a pain rating of 7 on a scale of 0 to 10? Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers a. The patient's pain will be under control by Sunday. b. The patient will have no pain by the end of this shift. c. The patient's pain will decrease by the end of shift on (date). d. The patient's pain will decrease to 2 or lower by the end of shift on (date). - correct answer The patient's pain will decrease to 2 or lower by the end of shift on (date) Which of the following would be a priority nursing diagnosis for a 73-year-old male patient with heart failure? a. Constipation related to immobility b. Risk for infection related to IV lines c. Activity intolerance related to an imbalance of oxygen and demand d. Self-care defici - correct answer Activity intolerance related to an imbalance of oxygen and demand Which of the following would be an expected outcome for a patient who is 12 hours status post hip replacement? Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers a. Increase mobility and decrease pain. b. Care for the catheter independently. c. Walk without assistance. d. Bathe daily in a tub. - correct answer Increase mobility and decrease pain An RN is making assignments on a medical-surgical unit. Which patient could the RN assign to a float RN from the maternity unit? a. A 68-year-old female patient with COPD and viral pneumonia b. A 60-year-old female patient with atrial fibrillation and a heart rate of 150 c. A 50-year-old male patient post open heart surgery whose blood pressure is 90/50 d. A 36-year-old male patient who is severely neutropenic awaiting chemotherapy - correct answer A 68-year-old female patient with COPD and viral pneumonia A patient with pneumonia has been using the incentive spirometer four times daily while awake during his 3-day hospitalization. How would the nurse explore the effectiveness of this intervention? Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers information because of the patient's cognitive status. The nurse should a. refuse to complete the admission without more information. b. contact the family for information on the patient's history. c. call the doctor in the emergency room for a history. d. ask another nurse to try to obtain the information from the patient - correct answer contact the family for information on the patient's history. The nurse is planning care for an 82-year-old obese female patient with Alzheimer's dementia. The patient wanders, is unsteady on her feet, and is visually impaired. What should the nurse give priority to when developing the plan of care? a. Laboratory results b. Skin condition c. Safety d. Nutrition - correct answer Safety Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers The nurse is listening to a lecture on collaborative problems. Which statement indicates that teaching has been effective? a. ―Collaborative problems fall within the definition of nursing diagnoses‖. b. ―Collaborative problems are managed using two physicial c. ―Collaborative problems require the nurse to monitor for changes in status‖. d. ―Collaborative problems emphasize prevention, treatment, or health promotion‖. - correct answer Collaborative problems require the nurse to monitor for changes in status‖. Errors may occur with the use of data in formulating an appropriate nursing diagnosis. Based on what you know, which of the following represents the main source of errors in the nursing diagnosis process? a. Making assumptions without supporting data b. Placing data in incorrect categories c. Not validating data with the patient Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers d. Relying on team members for data - correct answer Making assumptions without supporting data An example of an intervention independently initiated by the nurse is a. starting a teaching plan for the patient who will go home tomorrow. b. instituting diet restrictions with subsequent progression of diet as tolerated. c. sending an abnormal appearing urine sample to the lab for routine urinalysis. d. writing an order for aspirin for a headache. - correct answer starting a teaching plan for the patient who will go home tomorrow. A nursing intervention directs the patient to be turned every 2 hours to prevent skin breakdown from immobility. Assessment findings on new reddened areas on the lateral aspects of the right knee and ankle are obtained. What is the most appropriate way for these findings to be used when the care plan is evaluated? a. The information will be added to the relevant area of the electronic medical record. Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers a. ―Reasoned thought is reflection.‖ b. ―Reasoned thought is emotion.‖ c. ―Reasoned thought is parity.‖ d. ―Reasoned thought is contrast.‖ - correct answer Reasoned thought is emotion Using clinical judgment, the nurse makes decisions on whether to proceed with or revise a course of action. When providing this education to a nursing student, which statement indicates that the teaching has been effective? a. ―The inquiry (investigational or exploratory) subprocess necessary for sound clinical judgment is reflective thinking.‖ b. ―The inquiry (investigational or exploratory) subprocess necessary for sound clinical judgment is persuasive thinking.‖ c. ―The inquiry (investigational or exploratory) subprocess necessary for sound clinical judgment is critical thinking.‖ d. ―The inquiry (investigational or exploratory) subprocess necessary for sound clinical judgment is intuitive thinking.‖ - correct answer The inquiry (investigational or Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers exploratory) subprocess necessary for sound clinical judgment is critical thinking. The nurse is listening to a lecture on critical thought. Which statement indicates that the teaching has been effective? a. ―Critical thought is a disciplined, rational, and self- directed activity that uses standards and criteria.‖ b. ―Critical thought is an intuitive process that relies only on the nurse's experience.‖ c. ―Critical thought is a persuasive process leading to sound decisions.‖ d. ―Critical thought is a reactive process after an intervention is completed.‖ - correct answer Critical thought is a disciplined, rational, and self-directed activity that uses standards and criteria.‖ A patient has a problem that prevents him from shaving himself, tying his shoes, or fixing his meals. He is not physically able to compensate for the problem, so he is in need of assistance. Data support the nursing diagnosis "impaired physical mobility" by what mode of reasoning? a. Induction Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers b. Deduction c. Reduction d. Reflection - correct answer Deduction An RN has been working with a patient on the nursing unit for a 12-hour shift. The nurse recognizes that each time the patient is turned to the left, the blood pressure drops 15 mm Hg. The same RN has seen this phenomenon in several other patients and makes the connection that patients with right-sided heart failure (the medical diagnosis) will experience a blood pressure drop if they are turned to their left side. This type of reasoning is called a. inductive. b. deductive. c. reductive. d. reflective - correct answer inductive. Each element of the nursing process involves critical thinking. Which definition of assessment reflects critical thinking? Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers a. ―I think I need more mentoring to continue to build my thinking skill.‖ b. ―Improving my critical thinking will assist in decreasing the risk of sentinel events for my patients.‖ c. ―Using my improving thinking skills will help improve patient care.‖ d. ―If my thinking skills are what they should be, fewer errors will happen in patient care.‖ - correct answer I think I need more mentoring to continue to build my thinking skill The nurse has received a shift report. Which patient should the nurse assess first? a. The patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus who is complaining of dizziness with a glucose level of 120. b. The patient diagnosed with sleep apnea who is complaining of a morning headache. c. The patient diagnosed with diverticulitis who has a hard, rigid, abdomen and a temperature of 101.3 F. d. The patient diagnosed with a stomach virus who vomited three times during the previous shift. - correct answer The patient diagnosed with diverticulitis Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers who has a hard, rigid, abdomen and a temperature of 101.3 F. The nurse has received a change-of-shift report about these four patients. Which one should the nurse plan to assess first? a. A 23-year-old patient with cystic fibrosis who has pulmonary function testing scheduled in 30 minutes. b. A 35-year-old patient who was admitted the previous day with bacterial pneumonia and has a temperature of 100.2F. c. A 46-year-old patient who is complaining of dyspnea after having a thoracentesis 1 hour previously. d. A 77-year-old patient with TB who has four antitubercular medications due in 15 minutes. - correct answer A 46-year-old patient who is complaining of dyspnea after having a thoracentesis 1 hour previously. As elements of reasoning and critical thought, why are implications or consequences of outcomes important to consider? a. They can help the nurse make confident clinical decisions. Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers b. They help the nurse understand complex ideas and events. c. They help the nurse understand how the patient is responding to the demands of the treatment. d. They can be expected or unexpected and affect the completion of a nursing intervention. - correct answer They can be expected or unexpected and affect the completion of a nursing intervention. Which patient would the nurse see first at the start of the shift? a. A patient admitted yesterday with osteomyelitis of the right arm with a T of 101.0F. b. A patient with hepatic encephalopathy who is being rude to the nursing assistant. c. A patient with lupus who has been on long-term corticosteroids and whose blood sugar is 180. d. A patient with circumferential burns of the right leg who is complaining of numbness in the right foot. - correct answer A patient with circumferential burns of the right leg who is complaining of numbness in the right foot. Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers c. ―Where on your body does the pain begin and end?‖ d. ―Can you describe your pain for me?‖ - correct answer Can you describe your pain for me? The nurse who can think critically will make more effective clinical decisions, meet more of the patient's needs, and affect positive patient outcomes. How this is accomplished? (Select all that apply.) a. Committing to test one's own thought process for clarity, accuracy, and logic b. Accepting an individual's responsibility to develop critical thinking skills c. Joining nursing organizations to keep current on nursing policies affecting patient care d. Constantly seeking out others for SELECTED ANSWERwers to difficult clinical questions and problems e. Requesting that health care organizations adopt and foster a culture of critical thinking f. Maintaining the required amount of continued education units for license renewal - correct answer Committing to test one's own thought process for clarity, accuracy, and logic; Accepting an individual's responsibility to develop critical thinking Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers skills; Requesting that health care organizations adopt and foster a culture of critical thinking The American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) developed the Magnet Recognition Program for hospitals to address quality patient care. What is the significance of achieving magnet status? a. Excellence in quality patient care and recruitment and retention of nurses b. Excellence in research, patient care, and retention of physician c. Excellence in recruiting nurses, early discharge, and effective billing d. Excellence in recruitment and retention of ancillary caregivers - correct answer Excellence in quality patient care and recruitment and retention of nurses The chief purpose of evidence-based practice is to a. offer a problem-solving approach to systematically research clinical evidence directed toward a specific patient problem. Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers b. prepare the nurse to conduct specific research in patient care practices. c. prepare the nurse for employment in an evidence- based research center. d. research clinical evidence that covers the entire aspect of a specific problem. - correct answer offer a problem-solving approach to systematically research clinical evidence directed toward a specific patient problem Which statement reflects an important principle to be applied by the nurse who is developing a relevant clinical question regarding a specific patient concern, using PICO? a. The type of question will determine which resources to access. b. A systematic approach determines which questions will be asked. c. The clinical question is formulated at the conclusion of the literature search. d. Background questions are identified at the conclusion of the literature search - correct answer The type of question will determine which resources to access. Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers c. Harm/etiology d. Prevention - correct answer Diagnostic If you had access to the following databases for your research, which would you choose to review clinical trials on effective smoking cessation therapies? a. The Cochrane Library b. HealthStar c. Medline d. InfoPOEMS - correct answer The Cochrane Library The process of understanding and applying researched clinical evidence to nursing practice requires the nurse to become information literate. Which action by the nurse best describes the use of information literacy? a. Identifies a specific clinical problem, accesses appropriate resources, and assesses the relevancy of use of information for that particular patient's problem b. Identifies a particular patient problem and immediately notifies the physician and family for treatment Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers c. Identifies the lack of research skills and consults a librarian for a workshop on conducting research studies d. Identifies the lack of research skills and consults a scientific researcher to teach basic computer information - correct answer Identifies a specific clinical problem, accesses appropriate resources, and assesses the relevancy of use of information for that particular patient's problem Assess the given levels of evidence and choose the one most important when evaluating the strength of a research study. a. Level 3 evidence indicates that specific-quality criteria were met. b. Level 1 evidence implies an association with specific criteria. c. Level 1 evidence indicates that specific-quality criteria were met. d. Level 2 evidence implies a reliable association with specific criteria - correct answer Level 1 evidence indicates that specific- quality criteria were met. Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers What is the relationship between the design and layout when creating a critical appraisal tool? a. Design and layout differ but measure the same areas. b. Design and layout differ, and reliability measures differ. c. Design, layout, and reliability are similar but relevancy differs. d. Design, layout, and reliability differ but trustworthiness is the same. - correct answer Design and layout differ but measure the same areas. Several sections are included in a research article. For example, the methods section describes the research study and what assessment quality and criteria were used. What information does the abstract or introduction section include? a. An evidence summary from the results of several other studies b. An outline of the number of studies retrieved and excluded and respective reasons for their inclusions or exclusions c. A discussion about whether the results are heterogeneous with possible reasons Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers d. How much random error exists? - correct answer Does the instrument measure what it is supposed to measure? Which step does a researcher first use when starting a new study? a. Data collection b. Refining an abstract idea c. Literature review d. Statistical analysis - correct answer Refining an abstract idea Which of the following is an example of direct research utilization? a. Advocating for a change in policy b. Basing practice on current research available c. Implementing new techniques for practice d. Critiquing a research study - correct answer Implementing new techniques for practice Characteristics of a quantitative study include all of the following except: Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers a. clarifies underlying assumptions. b. asks who, what, why, where, when, or how. c. describes the relationship between variables. d. is highly structured and controlled. - correct answer clarifies underlying assumptions. Which of the following are most responsible for the emerging use of evidence-based practice (EBP) in health care? (Select all that apply.) a. Accountability by consumers of governmental and health care agencies b. Introduction of national health care guidelines c. Shorter implementation time of new research d. Variability of care among health care practitioners and facilities e. Similarity with other sciencNe disciplines and their amounts of research f. Eligibility to receive government grants for research excellence - correct answer Accountability by consumers of governmental and health care agencies; Variability of care among health care practitioners and facilities Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers What characteristics support evidence-based practice (EBP)? (Select all that apply.) a. The nurse's clinical experience is fundamental to the evidence-based practice process. b. Evidence-based practice provides a theoretical framework for accuracy and safety in patient care. c. Evidence-based practice involves the use of a holistic approach to patient care in health care. d. Evidence-based practice is designed to create a generic plan of patient care in clinical settings. e. Evidence-based practice allows the nurse autonomy in patient care because research proves success. - correct answer The nurse's clinical experience is fundamental to the evidence-based practice process.; Evidence-based practice provides a theoretical framework for accuracy and safety in patient care.; Evidence-based practice involves the use of a holistic approach to patient care in health care. Which goals best justify the need for evidence-based practice (EBP) in nursing? (Select all that apply.) a. Redesign the health care system and recruit more nurses. Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers __ consist of information experienced and described only by the patient and cannot be verified with regard to its characteristics or easily quantified. - correct answer Subjective data Which is the correct order of the five phases of the nursing process? - correct answer Assessment, analysis, planning, implementation, and evaluation A nurse is obtaining assessment information on a new patient on the acute care unit. In order to complete this assessment thoroughly, which realms will the nurse need to examine? - correct answer Cultural, Physiological, Psychological, Spiritual, Social _____ is discriminating and prudent and does not allow emotion, feelings, or prejudices to skew decisions. - correct answer Reasoned thought _____ is perceptive understanding of a situation based on knowledge, empirical data, theory, and scientific inquiry. - correct answer Clinical judgment Lpn to RN Transition Ch 5,6,7,8 Questions And Answers When discussing patients' symptoms in clinical preconference, nursing students are implementing Pearson's RED model of critical thinking. This model involves recognizing symptoms, evaluating and arguments. What is the fourth component of this process? - correct answer Drawing conclusions A student nurse performs a sterile dressing change on an abdominal incision site. What should the student nurse expect to assess as a consequence of this procedure? - correct answer Incision will be free of signs and symptoms of infection. A nurse is caring for a patient in the acute care setting. When performing the morning head-to-toe assessment, the nurse documents that the patient's condition has remained unchanged from the previous shift. However, the nurse perceives that something about the patient's appearance does not seem right. What is this perception considered? - correct answer Intuitive thought