Macromolecules (Biology Test #1) 2024-2025. Real Test Questions & Correct Verified Answers, Exams of Biology

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Macromolecules (Biology Test #1) 2024-2025.

Real Test Questions and Correct Verified

Answers. Graded A

-ase - ANSThe suffix of many enzymes -ose - ANSWhat suffix do all carbohydrates have?

1. Amylase - breaks down starches (primary enzyme found in saliva)
2. Lipase - breaks down fats
3. Protease - breaks down proteins
4. Cellulase- breaks down fiber
5. Lactase - breaks down dairy
6. Sucrase - breaks down sugar
7. Maltase - breaks down grains - ANSFood enzymes in your body are broken down into 7 categories:
8. Change in pH ( need pH 7 neutral to work)
9. Extreme temperature changes (require body temperature to work)
10. Excess ions such as salts - ANSFactor that denature enzymes include:

1. Long term energy storage (fat)
2. Protects heat loss (fat insulation)
3. Protects against water loss and germs (oils & waxes)
4. Chemical messengers (hormones & steroids)
5. Major component of membranes (phospholipids) - ANSWhat are the 5 functions of lipids?
6. Storage
7. Transport (hemoglobin)
8. Regulatory (enzymes)
9. Movement (muscles)
10. Structural (hair & nails)
11. Defense (antibodies)
12. Cellular (hormones) - ANS7 functions and examples of proteins
13. Temperature
14. ph
15. Concentration - ANSWhat three factors affect enzymes?

Activation energy - ANSEnzymes decrease what, making reactions faster? Active site - ANSA region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction. Adenine (A), thymine (T, DNA), uracil (U, RNA), cytosine (C), guanine (G) - ANSWhat are the nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids? Amino acids - ANSThe building blocks or monomers of protein Amino group, R group, carboxyl group - ANSWhat are the three parts of an amino acid structure? Anabolism - ANSThe building up of complex molecules (lifting weights) Carbohydrate - ANSWhat contains only C,H, and O and readily dissolve in water? Carbohydrate - ANSWhat is a starch? Carbohydrate - ANSWhat is this a model of:

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids - ANSThe 4 main macromolecules of life are: Carbon - ANSThe element necessary to make up an organic compound Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen - ANSThe 4 main elements that make up the components of a living cell: Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sometimes sulfur (CHON) - ANSWhat are the 4 elements in proteins? Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (CHO) - ANSWhat are the 3 elements in carbohydrates? Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, some phosphorus (CHONP) - ANSWhat are the five elements found in nucleic acids? Catabolism - ANSThe breaking down of complex molecules (digestion) Condensation reaction - ANSWhen water is released or let go.

Denaturation - ANSUnfolding of an enzyme so it's shape changes and it no longer works Disaccharide - ANS2 sugar units (Ex: sucrose) DNA - ANSDouble helix; deoxyribose sugar DNA & RNA - ANSExamples of nucleic acids: Enyzmes - ANSSpecial proteins that speed up reactions. Enzyme inhibitors - ANSMolecules that bind enzymes, decreasing activity (toxins). Essential - ANSAmino acids that cannot be synthesized by our body: Essential and nonessential - ANSWhat are the two kinds of amino acids? Exothermic - ANSWhen energy is released.

Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon - ANSWhat are the 4 elements carbon bonds with? Hydrolysis - ANSWhen water is consumed. Hydrophobic - ANSThe fatty acid tail of lipids are: Lipid - ANSWhat functions as a source of long term energy source for cells? Lipid - ANSWhat macromolecule is soluble in hydrophobic solvents? Lipids (Stores the most energy) - ANSGeneral term for compounds which are not soluble in water (Ex: fats, oils, waxes) Long chains and complex ring structures - ANSCarbon's ability to form what allows it to form a staggering array of compounds? Macromolecules - ANSLarge organic molecules

Macromolecules - ANSLarge organic molecules (also called polymers) Metabolism - ANSThe sum of all biochemical processes Monomers - ANSBuilding blocks of polymers Monosaccharide - ANS1 sugar unit (Ex: glucose) Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides - ANSWhat are the three types of carbohydrates? Nucleic acid - ANSRNA is one. Nucleic acid - ANSWhat controls cell activities by controlling protein synthesis? Nucleic acid - ANSWhat is this a model of? Nucleic acids - ANSMade up of nucleotides

Nucleic acids - ANSThis contains significant amounts of phosphorus (P). Nucleotides - ANSMonomers of nucleic acids One type of reaction - ANSEnzymes can only produce what? Our intestines would take weeks to digest our food, our muscles, nerves and bones would not work properly - ANSWhat would happen without enzymes? Peptide bonds - ANSHolds together amino acids Phosphate group, nitrogenous base, deoxyribose sugar - ANSWhat are the three parts of a nucleotide? Phosphate group, sugar (5-carbon) - ANSWhat is the backbone of nucleic acid? Polysaccharide - ANSMany sugar units (Ex: starch) Primary Structure (1st degree) - ANSAmino acids bonded together by peptide bonds

Protein - ANSIt's components can be described as essential or non essential. Protein - ANSWhat may contain alpha helices and beta pleated sheets? Protein/Amino acid - ANSWhat is this a model of? Proteins - ANSWhat are polypeptides? Provide energy, store energy (short term) - ANSWhat are the 2 functions of carbohydrates? Quaternary Structure (4th degree) - ANSComposed of two or more subunits (Ex: enzymes & hemoglobins) RNA - ANSSingle stand; ribose sugar Saturated - ANSNo double carbon bonds (bad) Saturated & unsaturated - ANSWhat are the two kinds of fatty acids?

Secondary Structure (2nd degree) - ANSThree dimensional folding arrangement of a primary structure into coils (alpha-helices) and pleats (beta-pleated sheets) held together by hydrogen bonds Store and transmit genetic information - ANSFunction of nucleic acids: Substrates - ANSThe reactants that bind to the enzyme Tertiary Structure (3rd degree) - ANSSecondary structures bend and fold into a more complex 3-D arrangement called a subunit (overall 3-D shape) Triglyceride (1 glyceride, 3 fatty acids) - ANSWhat is this a model of? Unsaturated - ANSHas double carbon bonds (good) Water - ANSWhen peptide bonds form, what molecule is made? (Condensation reaction)