Macromolecules Test Questions with Correct Verified Answers 2024-2025. Graded A, Exams of Biology

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Macromolecules Test Questions with Correct

Verified Answers 2024-2025. Graded A

3. Which of the following decreases the activation energy necessary to initiate the chemical change within the body? a)nucleotides b)enzymes c)amino acids d)fatty acids - ANSB A monosaccaride is a subunit of - ANScarbohydrates A polypeptide is a chain of amino acids that have been linked together by _________. - ANSdehydration reactions A polysaccharide that is used for storing energy in human muscle and liver cells is _____. - ANSglycogen A shortage of phosphorus in the soil would make it especially difficult for a plant to manufacture __________. - ANSDNA All organic compounds contain the element - ANScarbon Another name for fats and oils - ANSlipids

At a conference, the speaker's grand finale was sautéing mealworms (insect larvae) in butter and serving them to the audience. They were crunchy (like popcorn hulls) because their exoskeletons contain the polysaccharide __________. - ANSchitin Carbohydrates are made of... - ANSC,H,O cellulose, glycogen, starch, and chitin are all - ANScarbohydrates Cholesterol is a ... - ANSlipid DNA and RNA are examples of - ANSnucleic acids Enzyme molecules require a specific shape to perform their catalytic function. Which of the following might alter the shape of an enzymatic protein? a change in salt concentrations or pH denaturing the protein treating the protein with a chemical that breaks hydrogen bonds heating the protein All of the listed responses are correct. - ANSAll of the listed responses are correct

Generally, animals cannot digest (hydrolyze) the glycosidic linkages between the glucose molecules in cellulose. How then do cows get enough nutrients from eating grass? - ANSmicroorganisms in their digestive tracts hydrolyze the cellulose to individual glucose units Glucose and fructose have the same chemical formula therefore they are... - ANSisomers High cholesterol levels are considered a major risk factor for heart disease. If it is so bad for humans, why does the body make cholesterol in the first place? Cholesterol is the precursor for many important molecules such as sex hormones. Cholesterol is an important constituent of nucleotides. Cholesterol is an important energy storage molecule. Cholesterol aids in the formation of amino acids that are used to build proteins. Cholesterol is not important for humans anymore. It is a holdover from hunter- gatherer days when food was scarce. - ANSCholesterol is the precursor for many important molecules such as sex hormones In a hydrolysis reaction, _______, and in this process water is ______. - ANSa polymer is broken up into its constituent monomers; consumed

In what polysaccharide form do plants store glucose to be available later as an energy source? - ANSstarch make up of phospholipids - ANStwo hydrophobic tails with one hydrophilic head Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid at room temperature by __________. removing hydrogen atoms and forming additional single bonds in the fatty acid hydrocarbon chains adding hydrogen atoms to the fatty acid hydrocarbon chains, thereby converting carbon-carbon double bonds to single bonds adding hydrogen atoms to the single-bonded carbon atoms of the fatty acid hydrocarbon chains removing hydrogen atoms and forming additional double bonds in the fatty acid hydrocarbon chains None of the listed responses is correct. - ANSadding hydrogen atoms to the fatty acid hydrocarbon chains, thereby converting carbon-carbon double bonds to single bonds Monosaccharides have molecular formulas that are multiples of... - ANSCH2O Most enzymes... - ANSspeed up the chemical reaction

Subunit is to Macromolecule like ____ is to _____ - ANSbrick is to building Sucrose, lactose, and maltose are all - ANSdisaccharides The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are ______. - ANSphospholipids The overall three-dimensional shape of a single polypeptide is called its _______. - ANStertiary structure The subunits in cellulose are linked together by - ANSglycosidic linkages This macromolecule may be saturated or unsaturated - ANSlipids Triacylglycerols consist of __________ attached to a _______ molecule. - ANSthree (non polar) fatty acids tails; glycerol Triglycerides are composed of one _______ and three _________. - ANSglycerol and three fatty acids What are the building blocks of lipids? - ANSfatty acids and glycerol What are the building blocks of proteins? - ANSamino acids What are the four macromolecules? - ANScarbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

What are the heads of a phospholipid - ANSphosphate group What are the single sugars that are the building blocks of carbohydrates? - ANSmonosaccharides What are the tails of a phospholipid? - ANSfatty acids What are the three components of a nucleic acid? - ANSsugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base What elements make up nucleic acids? - ANSC, H, O, N, P What is the function of carbohydrates? - ANSstore energy short term What is the function of nucleic acids - ANSstores and transmits genetic information What is the general formula for a carbohydrate? - ANS(CH2O)n What is the monomer of nucleic acids? - ANSnucleotides What molecule is used for LONG term energy storage - ANSlipids What suffix is used in the names of most carbohydrates? - ANS-ose

Which biomolecule stores genetic information? - ANSnucleic acid Which macromolecule is associated with reproduction? - ANSLipids (sex hormones) Which macromolecule stores energy, insulates us, and makes up the cell membrane? - ANSLipids Which of the following are pyrimidines found in the nucleic acid DNA? thymine and cytosine uracil and guanine thymine and adenine adenine and guanine guanine and cytosine - ANSthymine and cytosine Which of the following components of a tossed salad will pass through the human digestive tract and be digested the least? cellulose (in the lettuce)

sugar (in the dressing) oil (in the dressing) protein (in the bacon bits) - ANScellulose b/c it cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes Which of the following describes a difference between DNA and RNA? RNA molecules generally consist of a single polynucleotide chain, whereas DNA molecules generally consist of two polynucleotide chains organized into a double helix. Both molecules contain adenine, guanine and cytosine, but DNA also contains thymine and RNA also contains uracil. They contain different sugars. The first and second listed responses correctly describe differences between DNA and RNA. The first three listed responses correctly describe differences between DNA and RNA. - ANSThe first three listed responses correctly describe differences between DNA and RNA

Which of the following is a lipid? a) cholesterol b) glucose c) cellulose d) protein - ANSa Which of the following is a true statement comparing phospholipids and triacylglycerols (fats and oils)? Phospholipids are the primary storage form for fats in our bodies. In nature, phospholipids occur in fused rings (sterol form), whereas triacylglycerols maintain a straight-chain form. Phospholipid molecules have a distinctly polar "head" and a distinctly nonpolar "tail," whereas triacylglycerols are predominantly nonpolar. Both molecules contain a phosphate group. Triacylglycerols may be saturated or unsaturated, but all phospholipids are saturated. - ANSPhospholipid molecules have a distinctly polar "head" and a distinctly nonpolar "tail," whereas triacylglycerols are predominantly nonpolar. Which of the following is true regarding complementary base pairing in DNA and RNA molecules?

Although a DNA molecule demonstrates complementary base pairing between two DNA polynucleotides to form a double helix, an RNA molecule can base-pair only along stretches of nucleotides in the same RNA molecule, such as in transfer RNA molecules. Complementary base pairing within single strands of DNA and RNA gives them particular three-dimensional structures that are necessary for their function. Complementary base pairing promotes an antiparallel orientation in the structure of DNA and RNA molecules. Although the base pairing between two strands of DNA in a DNA molecule can be thousands to millions of base pairs long, base pairing in an RNA molecule is limited to short stretches of nucleotides in the same molecule or between two RNA molecules. None of the listed responses is correct. - ANSAlthough the base pairing between two strands of DNA in a DNA molecule can be thousands to millions of base pairs long, base pairing in an RNA molecule is limited to short stretches of nucleotides in the same molecule or between two RNA molecules. Which of the following lists ranks these molecules in the correct order by size from smallest to largest? water, protein, sucrose, glucose protein, water, glucose, sucrose

water, glucose, sucrose, protein glucose, water, sucrose, protein water, sucrose, glucose, protein - ANSwater, glucose, sucrose, protein Which of the following lists represents the chemical components of a nucleotide? a nitrogenous base, a fatty acid, and an amino acid a nitrogenous base, an amino acid, and a phosphate group a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar a nitrogenous base, an amino acid, and a pentose sugar a series of nitrogenous bases, a nucleic acid backbone, and a hexose sugar - ANSa nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar