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The Integumentary System: Structure, Functions, and Diseases - Prof. Gregory Payne, Study notes of Physiology
An overview of the integumentary system, the largest organ system in the human body. It discusses the major components, functions, and diseases related to this system, including thick and thin skin, various types of glands, hair growth phases, and associated nerves. Relevant figures and diagrams are also included.
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Integumentary
stem
Integumentary System
- (^) Largest organ system
- (^) Major Components:
- (^) Skin
- (^) Accessory Structures (hair, nails, muscles, glands…)
- (^) Major Functions:
- (^) Protection
- (^) Temperature Regulation
- (^) Vitamin D Production
- (^) Sensation
- (^) Excretion
Thick Skin (1) (8-10) (2-5) (3-4) (25+)
Macrophages; epidermal dendritic cells Thin Skin
(Tension Lines)
Flexure Lines
Figure 5. Apocrine? Sweat Glands Merocrine ions, HOH, vitamins, wastes, dermicidin… Sudoriferous glands
Figure 5. Hair Shaft Cuticle
Trichosiderin (red hair pigment) [Eumelanin] vs. [Pheomelanin] Straight—round Wavy—oval Curly--flat Hair Growth Phases: Anagen Phase (6-8 yrs-growth) Catagen Phase (2-3 wks-degenerative) Telogen Phase (1-3 mos-resting) (Piloerector muscle)
Figure 5.5c, d Diseases & Poisoning ↓ Zn—malnutrition ↓ Mg2+/Ca2+—PKU ↓ Ca 2+ /↑ Na
—cystic fibrosis ↑ As/Cd/Pb/Hg
- Figure 5.
Figure 5. ABCD(E) Rule Asymmetry Border Irregularity Color (dark, red) Diameter (6 mm) Elevation Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma Melanoma
RECEPTORS
- (^) Three Types
- (^) Tactile Thermal Pain/Pressure
- (^) Nerves Associated with Hair Folicles
- (^) Meissner’s Corpuscles-- 2-point discrimination (just below epidermis)
- (^) Tactile/Merkel’s Discs-- light touch (epidermis)
- (^) End Organs of Ruffini--heavy/continuous touch (dermis)
- (^) Pacinian Corpuscles--pressure/vibration (dermis/subcutaneous)
- (^) Free Nerve Endings--temperature, fine touch, pain (epidermis)
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p. 425 (Chapter 13)