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Maryland Cosmetology State Board Review
- Bacteria One-celled microorganisms having both plant and animal characteristics some are harmful and some are harmless.
- Direct Transmis- sion
- Indirect trans- mission Transmission of blood or body fluids through touching (in- cluding shaking hands),kissing,coughing, sneezing, and talking. Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object, such as a razor, extractor,nipper, or an environmental surface.
- Infection Invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens.
- Germs Nonscientific synonym for disease-producing organs
- Microorganism Any organism of microscopic to submicroscopic size.
- Parasites Organisms that grow,feed, and shelter on or in another organism (referred to as the host),while contributing noth- ing to the survival of that organism. Parasites must have a host to survive.
- Toxins Various poisonous substance produced by some microor- ganisms (bacteria and viruses).
- Virus A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and re- sides in cells of biological organisms. A virus is capable of replication only though taking over the host cell's repro- ductive function.
- Cocci Round shaped, alone
- Staphylococci Clusters like bunches of grapes, may not cause infection in healthy humans. Causes pustules, and boils.
- Streptococci Pus-forming arranged in curved lines like string of beads. Causes strep throat and blood poisoning.
- Diplococci Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs. Causes pneumonia.
- Bacilli Short rod shaped. Causes tetanus, lockjaw,tuberculosis, and diphtheria.Moves using flagella.
- Spirilla Spiral or corkscrew shaped bacteria. Causes sexually transmitted disease, and syphilis. Moves using flagella.
- Active Stage of bacteria
- Inactive or spore forming stage Bacteria grow and reproduce in warm, damp or dirty places. During this stage bacteria coat themselves with wax like outer shells. This helps them withstand famine, dryness, and unsuitable temperatures.
- MRSA Occurs with persons with weakened immune systems or people whom have undergone medical procedures. Signs may be pimples, rashes, boils.
- Quaternary am- monium com- pounds
- Phenolic Disin- fectants Quats are disinfectants that are very effective when used properly in the salon. Formula contains anti-rust ingredi- ents, so leaving tools in solution for a prolonged period of time can cause dulling or damage. (Barbicide) Form of formaldehyde, high pH and can damage skin or eyes. Known as carcinogens.
- Sodium hypochlorit e Bleach
- Porous An item that is made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings. Absorbent. Examples would be; towels, linens, nail files or buffers.
- Chelating soaps Works to break down stubborn films and remove the residue of pedicure products such as scrubs, salts, and masks.
1 gallon 128 ounces 25 . 5 gallons 640 ounces 26 . Antiseptics Chemical formulated for use on the skin registered and formulated by the FDA. 27 . Asymptomatic Showing no symptom or signs of infection. 28 . Trichology Study of hair, skin, and glands. 29 . A mature hair strand is divided into two parts Hair Root and Hair Shaft 30 . Hair Root Part of hair located below the surface of the epidermis. 31 . Hair bulb lowest part of a hair strand. It is thickened, club- shaped that forms the lower part of the hair root. Lower part of the hair bulb fits over and covers the derma papilla. 32 . Hair Shaft Portion of the hair that projects above the epidermis. 33 . Hair Follicle Tube-^ like^ depression^ or^ pocket^ in^ the^ skin^ or scalp that contains the hair root.
- Cuticle Outermost layer of the hair. Single overlapping layer of transparent, scale like cells that look like shingles on a roof. 35 . Cortex Middle layer of the hair, protein core formed by elongated cells containing melanin pigment. 90 percent of the total weight comes from this. 36 . Medulla Innermost layer of hair composed of round cells. Common for very fine and naturally blond hair to lack this. Not involved in salon services. 37 . Keratinization Fiberous protein, cells that originate within the hair follicle. 38 . COHNS Five elements found in hair and nails 39 . Hair is 51% carbon 40 . Hair is 21% oxygen 41 . Hair is 6% hydrogen 42 . Hair is 17% Nitrogen 43 . Hair is 5% Sulfur 44 . Amino Acids Units joined together end to end like pop beads. 45 Peptide Bond Known as end bond.
Long chain of amino acids Polypeptide chain
linked by peptide bonds are called
- Proteins Long coiled complex polypeptide
- Hydrogen Bond Physical, cross-linked bond that is easily broken by water or heat.
- Salt bond Weak, physical, cross linked bond between adjacent polypeptide chains.
- Disulfide Bond Strong chemical, side bond that is very different from the physical bond of a hydrogen bond or salt bond. Broken by thio perms, hydroxide relaxers, extreme heat.
- Eumelanin Dark brown-black color to hair.
- Pheomelanin Red and ginger color to hair to yellow and blond tones.
- Wave Pattern Refers to hair shape and strand. Described as straight, wavy, curly or extremely curly.
- Straight Hair round cross section
- Wavy or curly hair
- Extremely curly hair oval to flattened oval cross section flattened cross section
- Vellus Hair Known as Lanugo hair it is short, fine, unpigmented, and downy.
- Terminal Hair Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females.
- Anagen Phase Growth Phase, new hair is produced. Average growth of a healthy scalp is about 1/2(0.5)inch (1.25 cm) per month.
- Catagen Phase Brief transition period between the growth and the resting phase of the hair follicle.
- Telogen Phase Resting Phase, final phase of the hair cycle lasts up to 3-6 months.
- Hair Texture Thickness in diameter of the individual hair strand.
- Hair Density Measures the number of individual strands on 1 square inch (2.5 cm) of the scalp.
- Hair Porosity Ability of the hair to absorb moisture.
- Hydrophobic A resistance to being penetrated by moisture.
- Hydrophillic Porous hair that is easily absorbed by moisture.
- Elasticity Ability of hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking.
- Hair Stream hair flowing in the same direction, resulting from follicles sloping in the same direction.
- Androgeni c Alopecia
- Alopecia Areata
Hair loss that is characterized by miniaturization of termi- nal hair that is converted into vellus hair.
Autoimmune disorder that causes affected hair follicles to be mistakenly attacked by a persons own immune system.
- Hypertrichosis Condition of abnormal hair growth.
- Ringed hair alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair hair throughout length of the hair strand.
- Trichoptilosis the technical term for slit ends.
- Trichorrhexi s Nodosa Knotted Hair
- Monilethrix Beaded Hair
- Fragilitas Crini- um Brittle Hair
- Pityriasis Technical term for dandruff
- Malassezia naturally occurring fungus that is present on all human skin but causes symptoms of dandruff when it grows out of control.
- Pityriasis captis simplex
- Pityriasis steotoides Classic term for dandruff that is caused by irritation, large flakes,itchy scalp. dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scales, mixed with sebum, that stick to scalp like crust.
- Tinea technical term for ringworm
- Tinea favosa dry, sulfur-yellow, cup like crust on the scalp called scat- ula.
- Furuncle term for boil, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle.
- Carbuncle Inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci.
- Reference points Mark where the surface of the head changes, such as; ears, jawline, occipital bone, or apex. Lines to establish guidelines.
- Parietal Ridge Widest area of the head, starting at the temples and ending at the bottom of the crown. Found by
placing a comb flat on the side of the head.
- Occipital Bone Bone that protrudes at the base of the skull.
- Apex Highest point of the head. Comb will rest on the highest point.
- Four Corners Located when two combs is placed flat against the side and back, and then locating the back corner at the point where the two combs meet.
- Line thin continuous mark used as a guide
- Angle Space between two lines or surfaces
- Horizontal lines used to create one-length and low elevation haircuts and to add weight.
- Vertical lines Creates height in hair design. Makes a hairstyle appear longer and narrower as the eye follow the lines up and down.
- Curved Lines Lines moving in a semi-circular direction, soften a design. Theses lines can be large or small, a full circle, or just part of a circle.
- Single Lines One length hairstyles contain this type of line. Best hair-
style for clients who want their hair to be low maintenance.
- Parallel lines
Repeating lines in a hairstyle. Can be straight or curved. The repetition of lines create more interest in the design. Finger waves are an example of this type of line.
- Contrastin g Lines Horizontal and vertical lines that meet at a 90 degree angle. Theses lines create a hard edge. This design is for clients that are able to carry off a strong look.
- Transitiona l Lines Curved lines that are used to blend and soften horizontal or vertical lines.
- Directional lines Lines with a definite forward or backward movement. 100 . Form mass or general outline of a hairstyle. 3 dimensional has one length, width and depth. This may be also called volume. 101 . Space The^ area^ surrounding^ the^ form^ or^ the^ area^ the hairstyle occupies.
- Design Texture Wave pattern that must be taken into consideration when designing a style.
- Dark and cool colors
- Light and warmer colors
Recede or move in toward the head , creating an illusion of less volume. Dimension and depth is created when colors are lighter and warmer alternate with those that are darker and cooler.
- Proportion Comparative relationship of one thing to another. Ex. A person with a very small chin and very wide forehead might be said to have a head shape that is not in .
- Balance Establishing equal or appropriate proportions to create symmetry. can be symmetrical or asymmetrical.
- Symmetrical Bal- ance
- Asymmet rical Balance Occurs when an imaginary line is drawn through the center of the face and the two resulting halves form a mirror image of one another. Established when two imaginary halves of a hairstyle have an equal visual weight, but are positioned unevenly.
- Rhythm Regular pulsation or recurrent pattern of movement in a design. Ex. A fast rhythm moves quickly;tight curls. A slow rhythm can be in long waves.