Mastery Exam |LATEST VERSION |NEW UPDATE |GUARANTEED PASS|2024- 2025, Exams of Nursing

Download Mastery Exam |LATEST VERSION |NEW UPDATE |GUARANTEED PASS|2024- 2025 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Mastery Exam |LATEST VERSION |NEW UPDATE |GUARANTEED PASS|2024- 2025 Melvin and Leigh are interviewing students at their campus to determine if the students agree or disagree with a proposed policy change. Melvin believes the proposed policy change is a good idea, but Leigh believes the change will be bad for students. Nearly all the students interviewed by Melvin supported the policy change, but nearly all the students interviewed by Leigh disapproved of the change. The differences in the results illustrate the potential impact of ________________. Select one: a. confounded dependent variables b. the placebo effect c. experimenter bias d. double-blind research studies - ANSWER C The movement of voluntary skeletal muscles involved in doing calisthenics is under the control of the ____________. Select one: a. sympathetic nervous system b. autonomic nervous system c. parasympathetic nervous system d. somatic nervous system - ANSWER D Researcher Eric Kandel discovered that when he tapped a certain body spot Aplysia, a sea slug, one time, the slug would retract its gills in a defensive maneuver. However, when Kandel touched the same spot repeatedly, the slug would eventually ignore the stimulus. This change in response demonstrates _____. Select one: a. extinction b. habituation c. sensitization d. acquisition - ANSWER B A man was being treated for drug addiction. He was exposed repeatedly to drug paraphernalia, the people, money--all of things that he had learned to associate with the drug use and resulting drug high--without actually using the drug. This process, called desensitization, makes use of ___________ to treat addiction. Select one: a. extinction b. discriminative stimulus c. acquisition d. stimulus generalization - ANSWER A ________ is any change in an organism's behavior or thinking brought about by experience or practice. Select one: a. Learning b. Adaptation c. Memory enhancement d. Accommodation - ANSWER A When asked to recall single-digit numbers presented in various digit span sizes, the typical adult starts to encounter difficulty once they get past approximately ________ digits. Select one: a. 3 b. 4 c. 5 d. 7 - ANSWER C As shown in a video during lecture, younger children think that a quantity of water in a tall, narrow beaker is greater than the quantity of liquid in the wide, flat beaker because they concentrate on a single dimension of the situation (the height of the container.) Older children understand that the quantity of liquid remains the same despite changes in appearance. This demonstration is the classic test of : Select one: a. egocentrism b. object permanence c. assimilation d. conservation - ANSWER D Among the primary functions of attachment is that the attachment figure serves as a "safe haven." To what does this term refer? Select one: a. The child does not wander away from his attachment figure. b. The attachment figure provides comfort. c. The attachment figure provides shelter and food. d. The attachment figure allows the child to explore his or her environment more confidently. - ANSWER B Many people drew faulty conclusions about the relative safety of air travel compared to automobile travel in the wake of the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Such poor reasoning was the result of Select one: a. thin slicing. b. hindsight bias. c. mental sets. d. the availability heuristic. - ANSWER D During which of Piaget's stages does a child demonstrate the ability to reason about abstract ideas and novel information? Select one: a. Sensorimotor b. Preoperational c. Concrete operational d. Formal operational - ANSWER D Kohlberg's belief that the development of moral judgment is intricately related to the development of cognitive skills built on the work of ________. Select one: a. Gilligan b. Erikson c. Piaget d. Freud - ANSWER C Which of the following parenting styles is associated with the most favorable outcomes for children? Select one: a. Uninvolved b. Permissive c. Authoritarian d. Authoritative - ANSWER D According to drive reduction theory, who is likely to be the most motivated? Select one: a. Joanna, who is hungry b. Tony, who wants to kiss Joanna c. Arnold, who is thirsty d. Hillary, who needs an "A" in psychology to graduate - ANSWER B In which of the following situations is the person MORE likely to be helped? Select one: a. A young woman is being mugged while people are watching from their bedroom windows. b. An old woman with a cane trips and falls while crossing an isolated street. c. An angry mob watches while an old man is attacked by a dog. d. A woman collapses on the sidewalk of a crowded street. - ANSWER B Which of the following is a common factor across the many forms of effective treatments? Select one: a. Critical thinking b. Challenging irrational thought patterns c. Instilling hope d. Therapist directives for change - ANSWER C Stressing that psychology should study the purpose of consciousness rather than its structure is associated with the approach to psychology known as _________. Select one: a. culturalism b. functionalism c. structuralism d. Darwinism - ANSWER B Which of the following is one of the two types of statistics that researchers use to analyze the data that they collect? Select one: a. Referential statistics b. Inferential statistics c. Binomial statistics d. Cyclical statistics - ANSWER B LaKeisha stepped on a piece of glass and quickly pulled her foot away from that sharp object. Which of the following carries the message from her spine to the muscles in LaKeisha's foot, resulting in her pulling her foot away from the piece of glass? Select one: a. Motor nerves b. Sensory nerves c. Interneurons d. Reflex nerves - ANSWER C In which of the lobes of the cerebrum is the somatosensory cortex located? Select one: a. occipital b. temporal c. frontal d. parietal - ANSWER D Marcus is color-blind because he lacks cone receptors for wavelengths of light in the red spectrum. Marcus's inability to see the color red illustrates a deficit in the process of ______________________. Select one: a. sensation b. fixation c. signal detection d. perception - ANSWER A When you learned that red lights mean "stop," and green lights mean "go," you were being trained to use a classical conditioning concept called stimulus ________. Select one: a. substitution b. generalization c. discrimination d. enhancement - ANSWER C Which of the following best illustrates retroactive interference? Select one: a. Susie struggles to learn how to play the violin, after playing the guitar for many years. b. Chet struggles to learn the names of the new players he added to his fantasy baseball roster. c. Professor Jones struggles to learn the names of his new students after teaching for many years prior. d. Coach Todd calls one of her old softball players the name of one of her new players. - ANSWER D maybe The very first developmental crisis that human beings experience, according to the theory of Erik Erikson, is Select one: a. trust vs. mistrust. b. autonomy vs. shame and doubt. c. initiative vs. guilt. d. intimacy vs. isolation - ANSWER A According to the ________, seeing a crocodile in the swamp would lead simultaneously to both the emotion fear and running away at the same time. However, the ________ would suggest that people are afraid because they run away. Select one: c. diffusion of responsibility d. evaluation apprehension - ANSWER A Glen volunteers his time at an animal shelter for a few hours a week, walking the dogs and cleaning up the mess around their kennels. Karla has a part-time job at the shelter, and she gets paid to do the same dirty work. According to cognitive dissonance theory, who will be happier about cleaning up after the dogs? Select one: a. They will both dislike it, but for different reasons. b. They will both like it equally. c. Glen d. Karla - ANSWER C As described in the lecture, people tend to see the diversity in the members of the _____ but overestimate the homogeneity of the _____ . Select one: a. outgroup... ingroup b. majority.. . minority c. ingroup ... outgroup d. minority ... majority - ANSWER C Gordon Allport described how situations needed to be structured in order to reduce prejudice. Which of the following is NOT one of these conditions?. Select one: a. Evoke common goals b. Increase competition for resources c. Start early d. Ensure leadership by authorities - ANSWER C What is now criticized as "Political correctness"--efforts to restrict speech that some find offensive--was originally an attempt to ... Select one: a. achieve group polarization b. increase prejudice and discrimination against groups who do not conform c. reduce prejudice and discrimination by changing norms of expression d. minimize diffusion of responsibility - ANSWER C A Psy 1001 student completed the Twenty Statements Test. At first she had trouble thinking of words to describe herself, but when she was given a context ("With friends, I am _______", "With my family, I am _______"), she found it easier to describe herself. What could account for this finding? Select one: a. She comes from a culture that stresses self as independent. b. She comes from a culture that values analytical thinking. c. She comes from an individualistic culture. d. She comes from a culture that emphasizes self as interdependent. - ANSWER not A Jake has been diagnosed with anxiety. A Humanistic Psychologist would attribute its origin to which of the following: Select one: a. how Jake interprets his experiences. b. rewards and punishment delivered by his environment. c. deep-seated conflicts in his unconscious mind. d. conditions of worth that have been placed upon Jake by his family. - ANSWER D Researchers studying the effects of sleep deprivation tested the physical coordination skills of 25-year-old males who had been sleep deprived for either 24, 36, or 48 hours. In this study, the dependent variable would be _______________. Select one: a. the age of the research participants b. the physical coordination skills of the men in the study c. the length of time the participants had been sleep deprived d. the type of physical coordination task the researchers use - ANSWER B