MATH 225N Week 8 Final Exam (Version 1), Exams of Nursing

Download MATH 225N Week 8 Final Exam (Version 1) and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! 1/1LPOINTS Afftnesscenterclaimsthathemeanamounto fFermethatapersonspendsathegym pervisitis33 minutes .Ildentifythenullhypothesis,Ho,a ndthealternative Ho = 1#33 > Ha= 233 Mo = W=33 > Halu #33 Ho: W233 > Hay <33 Ho = US33 > Ha = p>33 AnswerExplIanation Corectianswer: Ho : t=33 ; Ha: W#33 Letheparameteryu beusedtorepresenthemean .Thenulihypothesisisa Iways statedwithsomeform ofequality: equal C=),greaterthanorequaltoce= >,orlessthan orequaltocs).Therefore, inthiscase,thenulihyp othesisHo isy=33.The alternativehypothesisiscontradictorytothenu Bhypothesis,soHa isy¥33. QUESTI ON2 1/1POI NTS Theanswerchoicesbelowre nthypothesistests ._.Which areright-tailedtests? Selectallcorrectanswers. 00 5 0 Ho:X217.1, Ha:X<17.1 Herroristhedecisionnotorejecthenulhypothesi swhen, infact, itisfalse_In thiscase,theType Herroriswhenthebuildinginspectorthinksthatno more thanl15% ofthestructureswerebuiltwithoutpermi tswhen, infact,more than15% efthestructu reswerebuiltwithoutpermi s. Youranswer: Thebuildinginspectorthinksthatmorethan 15% ofthestructures inthecountywere builtwithoutpermitswhen, infact,atmostl SOS SHS OI ureswerebuiltwithout N4 1/1POI NTS Su osSachefcl aimsthathermeatbalkweightisle ssthan4 ounces ,onaverage. Severalofhercustomersdonotbelieveher,s othechefdecidestodoahypothesistest, atal0% significancelevel , topersuadethem.Sheco ks14 meatballs .Themean weightofthesamplemeatbalsis3.7 ounces .Thechefknows from experiencethathe standarddeviationforhermeatbaliweightis 0.5 ounces. . Ho: H=4; Ha: <4 . a=0.1 Csignificancelevel > Whatistheteststatisticcz- score JOFthisone- meanhypothesistest, roundedtotwo $$Test statisti 4 decimalplaces? AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswers: . $\text{Test statistic = }-2.24$Test statistic = —2.24 Thehypotheseswerechosen,andthesignificancele velwasdecidedon, sothenext stepinhypothesistestingistocomputethetestst atistic.Inthisscenario,thesample meanweight,x =3.7.Thesamplethechefusesisl4 meatbalis,son=14.She Knowsthestandarddeviationofthemeatbals,o=0.5 -Lastly,thechefiscomparing thepopulationmeanweighto4 ounces .So,thisvalueC foundinthenullandalterna tive . a=0.04 Csignificancelevel > . zo=-1.75 . p=0.0401 0.0401 a=0.04 p 0.0401 a=0.04 |-1.75|>0.04 |-1.75|>0.04 AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswer : Donotrejecthenulhypothesisbecausethep- vaehakrD)AGthesacdatentbarefsetornotreject Ho, i fFa>p-value, rej ectHo becausethe resultsofthesampledataaresignificant.Th ereissuffc i entevidencetoconclude thatHo isanincorrectbel iefandthathealternati vehypothesis,Ha,maybecorrect. 1 fasp- value, donotrejectHo.Theresultsofthesam pledataarenotsignificant,so thereisnotsuffcientevidencetoconcludeth athealternativehypothesis,Ha,maybe correct..Inthiscase, a=0.04 islessthanorequal top=0.0401, sothedecisio nis tonotrejecthenulhypothesis. UESTI ONT 1/1POI NTS Arecentstudysugestedthat81% ofseniorcitizenstakeatleastoneprescrip tion medication-.Ameliaisanurseatalargehospi talwhowouldliketoknowwhetherthe percentageisthesameforseniorcitizenpat ientswhogotoherhospital .Sherandomly selects59 seniorcitizenspatientswhoweretreatedat hehospitalandfindsthat49 of them takeatleastoneprescriptionmedication.Whatar ethenullandalternative hatiscoret! hypotheses forthishypothesistest? Q Findtheteststatistiiicforthishypothesi stestforaproportion -.Roundyouranswer to2 decimal places. $$Test_Statistic=—0.53 AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswers: : $\text{Test_Statistic}=-0.53$Test_Statistic=—0.53 Theproportionofsucessesisp ~=951000=0.095 - Theteststatisticiscalculat edasfolliows: Z=P~* —Popo-(1—po)n—————— v z=0.095-—0.100.10-(1-0.10)1000 ——-—- -———— Vv z=-0.53 QUESTI ONO 1/1POI NTS Amedicalresearcherclaimsthatheproportionofp eopletakingacertainmedication thatdevelopserioussideeffeectsis12%.Totesthis claim,arandomsampleof90 peopletakingthemedicationistakenanditisdete rminedthat93peop!lehnave experiencedserioussideeffects~. Thefotowingisthesetupforthishypothesistest: HO:p=0O.12 Ha: p#O.12 Findthep- valueforthishypothesistestforapropor tionandroundyouranswerto3 decimalplaces. Thefotlowingtablecanbeuti lizedwhichpro vVidesareasundertheStandardNormal Curve: Z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 -1.8 0.036 0.035 0.034 0.034 0.033 0.032 0.031 0.031 0.030 0.029 -1.7 0.045 0.044 0.043 0.042 0.041 0.040 0.039 0.038 0.038 0.037 -1.6 0.055 0.054 0.053 0.052 0.051 0.049 0.048 0.047 0.046 0.046 -15 0.067 0.066 0.064 0.063 0.062 0.061 0.059 0.058 0.057 0.056 -14 0.081 0.079 0.078 0.076 0.075 0.074 0.072 0.071 0.069 0.068 hatiscoret! $$P-value=0.124 AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswers: . $\text{ P-value=}0.124$P-value=0.124 Herearethestepsnededtocalculatethep- valueforahypothesistestforaproportion: 1.Determinei Fenehypothesistestisleftailed, rightailed,ortwotailed. 2-Computethevalueoftheteststatistic. 3.1 fthehypothesistestisleftailed,thep- valuewi Ebetheareaunderthestandard normalcurvetotheleftoftheteststatisticzo I fFthetestisrightailed, thep- valuewi fbetheareaunderthestandardnormal curvetotherightoftheteststatisticzo I Fehetestistwotailed, thep- valuewi Ebetheareatotheleftof—|zo|[plusthe areatotherightof|zZo| underthestandardnormalcurve Forthisexample, thetest'isatwotai ledte standtheteststatistiic, roundingtotwo decimalplaces, isz=0.1033—0.120.12(1—0.12)900 @ AnswerExplIanation Corectianswer: ThedecisionistorejectheNulHypothesis. Theconclusionisthathereisenougheviden Tocometoaconclusionandinterpretheres ultsforahypothesistestforproportion usingtheP-ValueAp roach, thefirststepistocomparethep- valuefrom thesample datawiththelevelofsignificance. Thedecisioncriteriaisthenasfollows: I fFehep- valueisltessthanorequaltothegivensignificance level ,thenthenul hypothesisshouldberejected. So, ifpsa, rej ectHo; otherwisefai ltorej ectHo. Whenwehavemadeadecisionabouthenulbhypothesis »itisimportantowritea thought Ffulconcliusionabouthehypothesesinterm softhegivenproblem"sscenario. Assumingtheclaim isthenuhypothesis,theconclusionisthenoneofF the following: * Pfthedecisionistorejecthenulbhypoth esis, thentheconclusionisthathereis enoughevidencetorejecthecliaim. * Pfthedecisionistofai ltorejecthenul hypothesis, thentheconclusionistha t thereisnotenoughevidencetorejecth eclaim. Assumingtheclaim isthealternativehypothesis,theconclu sionisthenoneofthe following: * Pfthedecisionistorejecthenulbhypoth esis, thentheconclusionisthathereis enoughevidencetosup orthectlaim. * Pfthedecisionistofai ltorejecthenul hypothesis, thentheconclusionistha t thereisnotenoughevidencetosup ortheclaim. Inthisexample, thep- value=0.026.wethencomparethep- valuetothelevelorF significancetocometoaconclusionforthehypothe sistest. Inthisexample, thep- valueistessthanthelevelofsigni ficancewhichis 0.05. Sincethep- valueisgreaterthanthelevelofsignificance,the conclusionistorejecthe nullhypothesis. QUESTI ON1 1/1POI NTS Becky" sstatisticsteacherwasteachingt heclasshowtoperform thez-testfora proportion.Beckywasboredbecauseshehad alreadymasteredthetest,soshe decidedtose i FtChecoinshehadinherpocketwouldcomeup headsortailsinatruly random Fashionwhenflip ed.Shediscretelyflip edthecoin30 timesandgot headsl8 times. Beckyconductsaone- proportionhypothesistestathe5% significancelevel ,totest . . whetherthetrueproport ionofheadsisdi fferentfro m50%. Whichanswerchoiceshowsthecorrectnu slandalter Sehnchar esaone-timefe of$45 interce enx=0),sothey- po erc epti s45 _jJohn earns$50 eachhourheworks, sotheslopeiss50. ror TheindependentvariablecCx)istheamount,indolla rs,jJohnearnsforacomputer.The dependentvariablecy)istheamountoFfti mej ohnfixe sacomputer. $50 x=0 y 50 $45 4 45 x y 45 x=0 y . 45 $50 50 AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswer : TheindependentvariableCx)istheamounto Feimej onnfixesacomputer.The dependentvariablecy)istheamount, indol ars,JjJohnearnsforacomputer. Jpraedse gadsohuanirbtedrmpstheamountoftimes nfixesa Sonoweesr thevaluethatchanges .Hemayworkd i fferentamount spercomputer, andhisearnings aredependentonhowmanyhoursheworks.Thisiswhy theamount, indollars, john earns foracomputeristhedependentvariablec¢y). They-interceptis50O Cb=50).Thisishisone- timefe.-Thestopeis45 ca=45). Thisistheincrease foreachhourheworks . QUESTI ON13 1/1POIEN TS Arianake psttrrackoftheamountoftimeshestudiesandthesco reshegetsonher quizzes .Thedataareshowninthetablebelow.Whic hofthescaterplotsbelow acuratel yrecordsthedata P? Hoursst Quizs 3 (Q udy core RIWIN [eR O|INJMJu parenthesis9comma5right- parentheses .-Alvaluesareap roximate. AscaterplothasahorizontalaxislabeledHo ursstudyingfrom Oto6Ginincrementsofl andaverticalaxislabeledQuizscorefrom Oto89inincrementsofl ._.Thefofowing pointsareploted:left- pangnthesisicommasright-. parentheses; left-parenthesis2 commaSd5right-parentheses; left- parenthesis3conmma7right- 12 10 Quiz score ho & on oO T 2 3.64 5 6 Hours studying parentheses; left- parenthesis4conmmasright- parentheses; left- parenthesisS5commasright- parentheses. xe Ascaterplothasahorizontalaxislabel edHo ursstudyingfrom OtoGinincrementsofl1 andaverticalaxislabeledQuizscorefrom Otol2inincrementsof2 .Thefolowing pointsareploted:left- pangnthesisicommasright-. parentheses; left-parenthesis2 commas5right-parentheses; left- parenthesis3conmmasright- parentheses; left- parenthesis4commaésr ight- parentheses; left-parenthesisS5commal right- parentheses .Alivaluesareap roximate. AnswerExplIanation Corectianswer: 10 6 ° ° uiz score 4 Ascaterploth@shorizotalaxislbeledHoursstdyingfrom Otosinincremetsof1 adaverticalaxislbeledQuizscorefron 2 —— OO OTF Hours studying Thevaluesforhoursstudyingcorrespondt ox-values, andthevaluesforquizscore correspondtoy- values .Eachrowofthetableofdatacores pondstoa point(x,y) ppokedinthescarerplot.Forexample, thefirstrow, 5,correspondsto thepoint(1,5).Doingthisforeveryrowinthetable, wefindthescaterplotshould havepoints(1,5), (2,5), (3,7), (4,9), and(5,9) . QUESTI ON14 1/1POIEN TS Dataiscolbectedontherelationshipbetwe ntimespentplayingvideocgamesandtime TS Whichofthe followingarefeasi sofaleastsquaresregressionlineforthe an ual populationchangeofasmasicountry from hat'snotrig theyear2000 totheyear2015? Selectalsthatap ly. y*=38,000+2500x r y*=38,000-—3500x r y*=-—38,000+2500x r y*=38,000-—1500x AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswer : y*=38,000+ 2500x y*=38,000-1500x Populationchangecanbepositiveornegati ve,anditcanincreaseordecrease.Based onthegiveninformation,therearenopracti callimitstopopulationchange,although therearelimitssuchasthedecreaseinpopu lationcan otexce dthecurentpopulation Casitwouldleaveanegativenumberofpeopl einthecountry >,ortheincreasein populationcouldbel imitedbyothereal- worldfactorsCsuchaslackofspaceorlegal immigrationlimits). Youranswer: y*=38,000+2500x QUESTI ON17 1/1POIEN TS Anamateurastronomerisresearchingstati sticalpropertiesofknownstarsusinga varietyofdatabases .Theycolbecthecolori ndex,orB-V index, anddistanceCinlight years ) from Earthfor30 stars .Thecolorindexofastaristhedifferen ceinthelight absorptionmeasuredfrom thestarusingtwodifferentlightfiltersCaBa ndavfilter). Thisthenallowsthescientistoknowthestar *"stemperatureandanegati vevalue . meansahotbluestar-.AFightyearisthedist ancelightcantravelinl year,whichis ap roximately5.9 trifttionmilfes.Thedataisprovidedbelow.U seExceltocalculatethe correlationcoeffcientr betwe nthetwodatasets, roundingtotwodecimalp laces. B-Vindex DistanceCly) 1.1 1380 o.4 NONOWFURWONFO OgNurFOoNASUPOD oO: 45.0 19.5 40.0 23.6 45.0 16.7 25.0 42.2 5.0 13.2 17.5 65.4 Hel pCopytocl ipboa rdDown loadCsSv hat" snot right. y=$$1.181 x+$$71.374 AnswerExplIanation y-ss x4 ss Corecttanswers: $-1.181$-1.181 $71.374$71.374 Tofindthebestfit Forthegivendata, useExcel . 1 OpenExcel .Enterthevaluesofweighti ncolumnAandmi leageincolumnB. Highlightasmtheceliscontainingthedat a. 2 From thelnsertab,selectScater .UseScaterwit honlyMarkers, thefirstypeof scaterchart.Asimpleplotisshown. 3 Toad thelinearfitothegraph,clickanywherelinsi dethegrapharea.Select thelLayouttabFfromthecChartto Is .-ClickontheTrendlineiconandselectheL inear Trendlineoption.Thelineofbestfitisad edtothegraph. 4 Fortheequationofthelineofbestfit, clic konTrendlineandselectMoreTrendline Options -_. Totestheeffecti venessofadrugproposedtoreliev esymptomsofheadache, Physiciansincludedparticipantsforastudy.The ygavethedrugtoonegroupandadrug withnotherapeuticeffectoanothergroup.Whichgr thephysicians Ehegroupthatrecei vedthedru @ Forheadache Ehegroupthatrecei vedthedru gQwithnotherapeuticeffect allofthepeopleinthestudy AnswerExplIanation Corectianswer: thegroupthatreceivedthedrugwithnotherapeuti cefiect Whentheexperimentalunitsarepeople,ap lyingtreatmentsthatshouldbeinertcan actualiyhaveeffects.Inthisstudy, thedrugwithno therapeuticeffectsistheplacebo,so thegroupthatreceivesthatdrugreceivestheplac ebo. QUESTI ON21 1/1POIEN TS Adoctornotesherpatient" stemperatureindegre sFahrenheiteveryhourtomakesure thepatientdoesnotgetafever.Whatisthelevelof nominal a at a AnswerExplIanation Corectianswer: interval Thisisintervaldatabecausedegre sFahrenheitisanumericalscalewhered i ffer ences aremeaningful -However, becauseFahrenhe itdoesnothaveatruezerovalue, itisnot ratiodata. QUESTI ON2 O/1POI NTS Asamemberofamarketingteam, yvouhavebe ntaskedwithdeterminingthenumber ofDVDsthatpeop!lenaverentedoverthepastsi xmon ths .Yousampletwentyadults anddecidethathebestdisplayofdataisafrequenc ytableforgroupeddata.Cconstruct thistableusingfourclasses. 15,31,28, 10d di&s2 Gi 9,10,19,10,24,14,18, 26ppef chQs Linil 6 , 2 3 Tofindthe Frequency foreachclass, counthen umberofdatavaluesthatfaliwithinthe rangeofeachclass.Forexample,thedatava fues15,14,10,10,14,and10Ofalwithin therangeofthefirstclass, 10- 15.So,thefrequencyofthisclassis6. Lower Class Limit Upper Class Limit Frequent 10 15 16 21 22 27 28 33 QUESTI ON2 1/1LPOINTS Thehistogram belowdisplaystheweightsofrainbowtroutC inpounds dca ughtbyal visitorsatalakeonaSaturdayafterno n-Acordingtothishistogram, whichrangeof weightsCinpounds Ycontainsthel owest Frequency ? 4.5-6.5 | 6.5:8.5 | 8.5-10/5 |10.5-12.5|12.5-14.5/14.5-16.5 Ahistogram hasaverticalaxislabeledFrequencyandha sahorizontalaxisthat measuressixcategoriesofrainbowtroutwei QhtCinpounds) -Readingfrom left-to-right, theweightandfrequencyofeachcategoryar e:4.5to06.5hasfrequencyof4,6.5to0s.5 hatiscoret! $$greater than 12.5 but less than 14.5 hasfrequencysd5, 8.5to010.5hasfrequency/7, 10.5to012 ._.5hasfrequency3,12.5to0o14_5 hasfrequency1,14.5to0ol6.5hasfrequency2 AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswers-: $\text{ greater than }12.5\ \text{but less than }14.5$greater than 12.5 but less than 14.5 Therangel2 57145 hastheTowestbarinthehistogram, whichm eansthathis rangeofvaluesalsohasthelowest frequen cy.Therefore,1 vVisitorcaughtarainbow trouthatweighedgreaterthanl2.5 butlessthanl14.5 pounds. QUESTI ON24 1/1POIEN TS Describetheshapeofthegivenhistogram. 10 8 Frequency 6 4 2 0 0246 8 10121416 Ahistogramhasahorizontalaxisfrom OtolGinincrementsof2andaverticalaxis labeledFrequency from OtolOinincrementsof2 ._Thehistogram containsverticalbars ofwidthistartingathehorizontalaxisvalu e0.Theheightsofthebarsareas follows, wherethelefthorizontalaxislabelisliste dfirstandthefrequencyislistedsecond:0,0 1,0:2,6:3,6:4,7:5,6:6,6:7,6:8,7:9,6:;10 Co. uUnimodalands ymmetric Wnimodalandl q answer. $$23 AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswers: a $23$23 TofindthenumberofstudentsinMs .James"scl ass, findtheheightsofthebars forthat classandad them. tnthiscase, wefinditisl1+12=23. QUESTI ON26 O/1POIN TS Thelinegraphshownbelowrepresentsthenu mberofivVvsinahousebysquare Fo tagecCinhundredsofet > -Acordingtotheinf ormationabove, whichofthe following isanap ropriateanalysisofsquarefo tageandTvs? S Number of TVs w 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lo 1 2 3 Ww 1 616 OU Square Footage Al inegraphhasanx-axislabeledSquareFo tage Cinhundredsofet )inincrementsof one, anday- axislabeledNumberofliv" sinincrementsofo ne.Begin ingathepoint startparentheses6G, 2endparentheses,alin eincreasestothepointstartparentheses 8.5, 3endparentheses.Thelineremainscons tantothepointstartparenthesesi10,3 endparentheses .Thelinethenincreases,pa ssingthroughthepointstartparentheses 12,5end parenthesesandcontinuesincreasinguntil itreachesthepointstart 8.5 10 Remember thathemeanisthesum ofthenumbersdividedbythenumberof numbers .Thereare5 numbersinthel ist .Sowefindthathemeanboxessold is QUESTI ON28 1/1POIEN TS Giventhe folowinglistofpricesCinthousandsofdo Hars)ofrandomliyselectedttrucksat acardealership, findthemedian. 20,46,19,14,42,26,33 $$median=26 thousands of dollars AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswers: . $\text{median=}26\text{ thousands of dollars}$median=26 thousands of dollars Ithel pstoputhenumbersinorder. 14,19,20,26,33,42,46 Now, becausethel isthaslength7,whichisod »weknowthemediannumberwi ibe themid lenumber . Inotherwords, wecancountoitem 4 Inthelist,whichis26.So themedianpriceCinthousandsofdollars ofr andomlyselectedtrucksatacar dealershipis26. QUESTI ON29 1/1POIEN TS Eachpersoninagroupshufesadeckofcardsan dke psselectingacarduntila quenap ears .Findthemodeotfthe fFolowingnumberotfc ardsdrawnfromadeckuntil aquenapears. 3,12,3,11,5,5,3,10,12 1/1LPOINTS Afftnesscenterclaimsthathemeanamounto fFermethatapersonspendsathegym pervisitis33 minutes .Ildentifythenullhypothesis,Ho,a ndthealternative Ho = 1#33 > Ha= 233 Mo = W=33 > Halu #33 Ho: W233 > Hay <33 Ho = US33 > Ha = p>33 AnswerExplIanation Corectianswer: Ho : t=33 ; Ha: W#33 Letheparameteryu beusedtorepresenthemean .Thenulihypothesisisa Iways statedwithsomeform ofequality: equal C=),greaterthanorequaltoce= >,orlessthan orequaltocs).Therefore, inthiscase,thenulihyp othesisHo isy=33.The alternativehypothesisiscontradictorytothenu Bhypothesis,soHa isy¥33. QUESTI ON2 1/1POI NTS Theanswerchoicesbelowre nthypothesistests ._.Which areright-tailedtests? Selectallcorrectanswers. 00 5 0 Ho:X217.1, Ha:X<17.1 Herroristhedecisionnotorejecthenulhypothesi swhen, infact, itisfalse_In thiscase,theType Herroriswhenthebuildinginspectorthinksthatno more thanl15% ofthestructureswerebuiltwithoutpermi tswhen, infact,more than15% efthestructu reswerebuiltwithoutpermi s. Youranswer: Thebuildinginspectorthinksthatmorethan 15% ofthestructures inthecountywere builtwithoutpermitswhen, infact,atmostl SOS SHS OI ureswerebuiltwithout N4 1/1POI NTS Su osSachefcl aimsthathermeatbalkweightisle ssthan4 ounces ,onaverage. Severalofhercustomersdonotbelieveher,s othechefdecidestodoahypothesistest, atal0% significancelevel , topersuadethem.Sheco ks14 meatballs .Themean weightofthesamplemeatbalsis3.7 ounces .Thechefknows from experiencethathe standarddeviationforhermeatbaliweightis 0.5 ounces. . Ho: H=4; Ha: <4 . a=0.1 Csignificancelevel > Whatistheteststatisticcz- score JOFthisone- meanhypothesistest, roundedtotwo $$Test statisti 4 decimalplaces? AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswers: . $\text{Test statistic = }-2.24$Test statistic = —2.24 Thehypotheseswerechosen,andthesignificancele velwasdecidedon, sothenext stepinhypothesistestingistocomputethetestst atistic.Inthisscenario,thesample meanweight,x =3.7.Thesamplethechefusesisl4 meatbalis,son=14.She Knowsthestandarddeviationofthemeatbals,o=0.5 -Lastly,thechefiscomparing thepopulationmeanweighto4 ounces .So,thisvalueC foundinthenullandalterna tive . a=0.04 Csignificancelevel > . zo=-1.75 . p=0.0401 0.0401 a=0.04 p 0.0401 a=0.04 |-1.75|>0.04 |-1.75|>0.04 AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswer : Donotrejecthenulhypothesisbecausethep- vaehakrD)AGthesacdatentbarefsetornotreject Ho, i fFa>p-value, rej ectHo becausethe resultsofthesampledataaresignificant.Th ereissuffc i entevidencetoconclude thatHo isanincorrectbel iefandthathealternati vehypothesis,Ha,maybecorrect. 1 fasp- value, donotrejectHo.Theresultsofthesam pledataarenotsignificant,so thereisnotsuffcientevidencetoconcludeth athealternativehypothesis,Ha,maybe correct..Inthiscase, a=0.04 islessthanorequal top=0.0401, sothedecisio nis tonotrejecthenulhypothesis. UESTI ONT 1/1POI NTS Arecentstudysugestedthat81% ofseniorcitizenstakeatleastoneprescrip tion medication-.Ameliaisanurseatalargehospi talwhowouldliketoknowwhetherthe percentageisthesameforseniorcitizenpat ientswhogotoherhospital .Sherandomly selects59 seniorcitizenspatientswhoweretreatedat hehospitalandfindsthat49 of them takeatleastoneprescriptionmedication.Whatar ethenullandalternative hatiscoret! hypotheses forthishypothesistest? Q Findtheteststatistiiicforthishypothesi stestforaproportion -.Roundyouranswer to2 decimal places. $$Test_Statistic=—0.53 AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswers: : $\text{Test_Statistic}=-0.53$Test_Statistic=—0.53 Theproportionofsucessesisp ~=951000=0.095 - Theteststatisticiscalculat edasfolliows: Z=P~* —Popo-(1—po)n—————— v z=0.095-—0.100.10-(1-0.10)1000 ——-—- -———— Vv z=-0.53 QUESTI ONO 1/1POI NTS Amedicalresearcherclaimsthatheproportionofp eopletakingacertainmedication thatdevelopserioussideeffeectsis12%.Totesthis claim,arandomsampleof90 peopletakingthemedicationistakenanditisdete rminedthat93peop!lehnave experiencedserioussideeffects~. Thefotowingisthesetupforthishypothesistest: HO:p=0O.12 Ha: p#O.12 Findthep- valueforthishypothesistestforapropor tionandroundyouranswerto3 decimalplaces. Thefotlowingtablecanbeuti lizedwhichpro vVidesareasundertheStandardNormal Curve: Z 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 -1.8 0.036 0.035 0.034 0.034 0.033 0.032 0.031 0.031 0.030 0.029 -1.7 0.045 0.044 0.043 0.042 0.041 0.040 0.039 0.038 0.038 0.037 -1.6 0.055 0.054 0.053 0.052 0.051 0.049 0.048 0.047 0.046 0.046 -15 0.067 0.066 0.064 0.063 0.062 0.061 0.059 0.058 0.057 0.056 -14 0.081 0.079 0.078 0.076 0.075 0.074 0.072 0.071 0.069 0.068 hatiscoret! $$P-value=0.124 AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswers: . $\text{ P-value=}0.124$P-value=0.124 Herearethestepsnededtocalculatethep- valueforahypothesistestforaproportion: 1.Determinei Fenehypothesistestisleftailed, rightailed,ortwotailed. 2-Computethevalueoftheteststatistic. 3.1 fthehypothesistestisleftailed,thep- valuewi Ebetheareaunderthestandard normalcurvetotheleftoftheteststatisticzo I fFthetestisrightailed, thep- valuewi fbetheareaunderthestandardnormal curvetotherightoftheteststatisticzo I Fehetestistwotailed, thep- valuewi Ebetheareatotheleftof—|zo|[plusthe areatotherightof|zZo| underthestandardnormalcurve Forthisexample, thetest'isatwotai ledte standtheteststatistiic, roundingtotwo decimalplaces, isz=0.1033—0.120.12(1—0.12)900 @ AnswerExplIanation Corectianswer: ThedecisionistorejectheNulHypothesis. Theconclusionisthathereisenougheviden Tocometoaconclusionandinterpretheres ultsforahypothesistestforproportion usingtheP-ValueAp roach, thefirststepistocomparethep- valuefrom thesample datawiththelevelofsignificance. Thedecisioncriteriaisthenasfollows: I fFehep- valueisltessthanorequaltothegivensignificance level ,thenthenul hypothesisshouldberejected. So, ifpsa, rej ectHo; otherwisefai ltorej ectHo. Whenwehavemadeadecisionabouthenulbhypothesis »itisimportantowritea thought Ffulconcliusionabouthehypothesesinterm softhegivenproblem"sscenario. Assumingtheclaim isthenuhypothesis,theconclusionisthenoneofF the following: * Pfthedecisionistorejecthenulbhypoth esis, thentheconclusionisthathereis enoughevidencetorejecthecliaim. * Pfthedecisionistofai ltorejecthenul hypothesis, thentheconclusionistha t thereisnotenoughevidencetorejecth eclaim. Assumingtheclaim isthealternativehypothesis,theconclu sionisthenoneofthe following: * Pfthedecisionistorejecthenulbhypoth esis, thentheconclusionisthathereis enoughevidencetosup orthectlaim. * Pfthedecisionistofai ltorejecthenul hypothesis, thentheconclusionistha t thereisnotenoughevidencetosup ortheclaim. Inthisexample, thep- value=0.026.wethencomparethep- valuetothelevelorF significancetocometoaconclusionforthehypothe sistest. Inthisexample, thep- valueistessthanthelevelofsigni ficancewhichis 0.05. Sincethep- valueisgreaterthanthelevelofsignificance,the conclusionistorejecthe nullhypothesis. QUESTI ON1 1/1POI NTS Becky" sstatisticsteacherwasteachingt heclasshowtoperform thez-testfora proportion.Beckywasboredbecauseshehad alreadymasteredthetest,soshe decidedtose i FtChecoinshehadinherpocketwouldcomeup headsortailsinatruly random Fashionwhenflip ed.Shediscretelyflip edthecoin30 timesandgot headsl8 times. Beckyconductsaone- proportionhypothesistestathe5% significancelevel ,totest . . whetherthetrueproport ionofheadsisdi fferentfro m50%. Whichanswerchoiceshowsthecorrectnu slandalter Sehnchar esaone-timefe of$45 interce enx=0),sothey- po erc epti s45 _jJohn earns$50 eachhourheworks, sotheslopeiss50. ror TheindependentvariablecCx)istheamount,indolla rs,jJohnearnsforacomputer.The dependentvariablecy)istheamountoFfti mej ohnfixe sacomputer. $50 x=0 y 50 $45 4 45 x y 45 x=0 y . 45 $50 50 AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswer : TheindependentvariableCx)istheamounto Feimej onnfixesacomputer.The dependentvariablecy)istheamount, indol ars,JjJohnearnsforacomputer. Jpraedse gadsohuanirbtedrmpstheamountoftimes nfixesa Sonoweesr thevaluethatchanges .Hemayworkd i fferentamount spercomputer, andhisearnings aredependentonhowmanyhoursheworks.Thisiswhy theamount, indollars, john earns foracomputeristhedependentvariablec¢y). They-interceptis50O Cb=50).Thisishisone- timefe.-Thestopeis45 ca=45). Thisistheincrease foreachhourheworks . QUESTI ON13 1/1POIEN TS Arianake psttrrackoftheamountoftimeshestudiesandthesco reshegetsonher quizzes .Thedataareshowninthetablebelow.Whic hofthescaterplotsbelow acuratel yrecordsthedata P? Hoursst Quizs 3 (Q udy core RIWIN [eR O|INJMJu parenthesis9comma5right- parentheses .-Alvaluesareap roximate. AscaterplothasahorizontalaxislabeledHo ursstudyingfrom Oto6Ginincrementsofl andaverticalaxislabeledQuizscorefrom Oto89inincrementsofl ._.Thefofowing pointsareploted:left- pangnthesisicommasright-. parentheses; left-parenthesis2 commaSd5right-parentheses; left- parenthesis3conmma7right- 12 10 Quiz score ho & on oO T 2 3.64 5 6 Hours studying parentheses; left- parenthesis4conmmasright- parentheses; left- parenthesisS5commasright- parentheses. xe Ascaterplothasahorizontalaxislabel edHo ursstudyingfrom OtoGinincrementsofl1 andaverticalaxislabeledQuizscorefrom Otol2inincrementsof2 .Thefolowing pointsareploted:left- pangnthesisicommasright-. parentheses; left-parenthesis2 commas5right-parentheses; left- parenthesis3conmmasright- parentheses; left- parenthesis4commaésr ight- parentheses; left-parenthesisS5commal right- parentheses .Alivaluesareap roximate. AnswerExplIanation Corectianswer: 10 6 ° ° uiz score 4 Ascaterploth@shorizotalaxislbeledHoursstdyingfrom Otosinincremetsof1 adaverticalaxislbeledQuizscorefron 2 —— OO OTF Hours studying Thevaluesforhoursstudyingcorrespondt ox-values, andthevaluesforquizscore correspondtoy- values .Eachrowofthetableofdatacores pondstoa point(x,y) ppokedinthescarerplot.Forexample, thefirstrow, 5,correspondsto thepoint(1,5).Doingthisforeveryrowinthetable, wefindthescaterplotshould havepoints(1,5), (2,5), (3,7), (4,9), and(5,9) . QUESTI ON14 1/1POIEN TS Dataiscolbectedontherelationshipbetwe ntimespentplayingvideocgamesandtime TS Whichofthe followingarefeasi sofaleastsquaresregressionlineforthe an ual populationchangeofasmasicountry from hat'snotrig theyear2000 totheyear2015? Selectalsthatap ly. y*=38,000+2500x r y*=38,000-—3500x r y*=-—38,000+2500x r y*=38,000-—1500x AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswer : y*=38,000+ 2500x y*=38,000-1500x Populationchangecanbepositiveornegati ve,anditcanincreaseordecrease.Based onthegiveninformation,therearenopracti callimitstopopulationchange,although therearelimitssuchasthedecreaseinpopu lationcan otexce dthecurentpopulation Casitwouldleaveanegativenumberofpeopl einthecountry >,ortheincreasein populationcouldbel imitedbyothereal- worldfactorsCsuchaslackofspaceorlegal immigrationlimits). Youranswer: y*=38,000+2500x QUESTI ON17 1/1POIEN TS Anamateurastronomerisresearchingstati sticalpropertiesofknownstarsusinga varietyofdatabases .Theycolbecthecolori ndex,orB-V index, anddistanceCinlight years ) from Earthfor30 stars .Thecolorindexofastaristhedifferen ceinthelight absorptionmeasuredfrom thestarusingtwodifferentlightfiltersCaBa ndavfilter). Thisthenallowsthescientistoknowthestar *"stemperatureandanegati vevalue . meansahotbluestar-.AFightyearisthedist ancelightcantravelinl year,whichis ap roximately5.9 trifttionmilfes.Thedataisprovidedbelow.U seExceltocalculatethe correlationcoeffcientr betwe nthetwodatasets, roundingtotwodecimalp laces. B-Vindex DistanceCly) 1.1 1380 o.4 NONOWFURWONFO OgNurFOoNASUPOD oO: 45.0 19.5 40.0 23.6 45.0 16.7 25.0 42.2 5.0 13.2 17.5 65.4 Hel pCopytocl ipboa rdDown loadCsSv hat" snot right. y=$$1.181 x+$$71.374 AnswerExplIanation y-ss x4 ss Corecttanswers: $-1.181$-1.181 $71.374$71.374 Tofindthebestfit Forthegivendata, useExcel . 1 OpenExcel .Enterthevaluesofweighti ncolumnAandmi leageincolumnB. Highlightasmtheceliscontainingthedat a. 2 From thelnsertab,selectScater .UseScaterwit honlyMarkers, thefirstypeof scaterchart.Asimpleplotisshown. 3 Toad thelinearfitothegraph,clickanywherelinsi dethegrapharea.Select thelLayouttabFfromthecChartto Is .-ClickontheTrendlineiconandselectheL inear Trendlineoption.Thelineofbestfitisad edtothegraph. 4 Fortheequationofthelineofbestfit, clic konTrendlineandselectMoreTrendline Options -_. Totestheeffecti venessofadrugproposedtoreliev esymptomsofheadache, Physiciansincludedparticipantsforastudy.The ygavethedrugtoonegroupandadrug withnotherapeuticeffectoanothergroup.Whichgr thephysicians Ehegroupthatrecei vedthedru @ Forheadache Ehegroupthatrecei vedthedru gQwithnotherapeuticeffect allofthepeopleinthestudy AnswerExplIanation Corectianswer: thegroupthatreceivedthedrugwithnotherapeuti cefiect Whentheexperimentalunitsarepeople,ap lyingtreatmentsthatshouldbeinertcan actualiyhaveeffects.Inthisstudy, thedrugwithno therapeuticeffectsistheplacebo,so thegroupthatreceivesthatdrugreceivestheplac ebo. QUESTI ON21 1/1POIEN TS Adoctornotesherpatient" stemperatureindegre sFahrenheiteveryhourtomakesure thepatientdoesnotgetafever.Whatisthelevelof nominal a at a AnswerExplIanation Corectianswer: interval Thisisintervaldatabecausedegre sFahrenheitisanumericalscalewhered i ffer ences aremeaningful -However, becauseFahrenhe itdoesnothaveatruezerovalue, itisnot ratiodata. QUESTI ON2 O/1POI NTS Asamemberofamarketingteam, yvouhavebe ntaskedwithdeterminingthenumber ofDVDsthatpeop!lenaverentedoverthepastsi xmon ths .Yousampletwentyadults anddecidethathebestdisplayofdataisafrequenc ytableforgroupeddata.Cconstruct thistableusingfourclasses. 15,31,28, 10d di&s2 Gi 9,10,19,10,24,14,18, 26ppef chQs Linil 6 , 2 3 Tofindthe Frequency foreachclass, counthen umberofdatavaluesthatfaliwithinthe rangeofeachclass.Forexample,thedatava fues15,14,10,10,14,and10Ofalwithin therangeofthefirstclass, 10- 15.So,thefrequencyofthisclassis6. Lower Class Limit Upper Class Limit Frequent 10 15 16 21 22 27 28 33 QUESTI ON2 1/1LPOINTS Thehistogram belowdisplaystheweightsofrainbowtroutC inpounds dca ughtbyal visitorsatalakeonaSaturdayafterno n-Acordingtothishistogram, whichrangeof weightsCinpounds Ycontainsthel owest Frequency ? 4.5-6.5 | 6.5:8.5 | 8.5-10/5 |10.5-12.5|12.5-14.5/14.5-16.5 Ahistogram hasaverticalaxislabeledFrequencyandha sahorizontalaxisthat measuressixcategoriesofrainbowtroutwei QhtCinpounds) -Readingfrom left-to-right, theweightandfrequencyofeachcategoryar e:4.5to06.5hasfrequencyof4,6.5to0s.5 hatiscoret! $$greater than 12.5 but less than 14.5 hasfrequencysd5, 8.5to010.5hasfrequency/7, 10.5to012 ._.5hasfrequency3,12.5to0o14_5 hasfrequency1,14.5to0ol6.5hasfrequency2 AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswers-: $\text{ greater than }12.5\ \text{but less than }14.5$greater than 12.5 but less than 14.5 Therangel2 57145 hastheTowestbarinthehistogram, whichm eansthathis rangeofvaluesalsohasthelowest frequen cy.Therefore,1 vVisitorcaughtarainbow trouthatweighedgreaterthanl2.5 butlessthanl14.5 pounds. QUESTI ON24 1/1POIEN TS Describetheshapeofthegivenhistogram. 10 8 Frequency 6 4 2 0 0246 8 10121416 Ahistogramhasahorizontalaxisfrom OtolGinincrementsof2andaverticalaxis labeledFrequency from OtolOinincrementsof2 ._Thehistogram containsverticalbars ofwidthistartingathehorizontalaxisvalu e0.Theheightsofthebarsareas follows, wherethelefthorizontalaxislabelisliste dfirstandthefrequencyislistedsecond:0,0 1,0:2,6:3,6:4,7:5,6:6,6:7,6:8,7:9,6:;10 Co. uUnimodalands ymmetric Wnimodalandl q answer. $$23 AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswers: a $23$23 TofindthenumberofstudentsinMs .James"scl ass, findtheheightsofthebars forthat classandad them. tnthiscase, wefinditisl1+12=23. QUESTI ON26 O/1POIN TS Thelinegraphshownbelowrepresentsthenu mberofivVvsinahousebysquare Fo tagecCinhundredsofet > -Acordingtotheinf ormationabove, whichofthe following isanap ropriateanalysisofsquarefo tageandTvs? S Number of TVs w 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 lo 1 2 3 Ww 1 616 OU Square Footage Al inegraphhasanx-axislabeledSquareFo tage Cinhundredsofet )inincrementsof one, anday- axislabeledNumberofliv" sinincrementsofo ne.Begin ingathepoint startparentheses6G, 2endparentheses,alin eincreasestothepointstartparentheses 8.5, 3endparentheses.Thelineremainscons tantothepointstartparenthesesi10,3 endparentheses .Thelinethenincreases,pa ssingthroughthepointstartparentheses 12,5end parenthesesandcontinuesincreasinguntil itreachesthepointstart 8.5 10 Remember thathemeanisthesum ofthenumbersdividedbythenumberof numbers .Thereare5 numbersinthel ist .Sowefindthathemeanboxessold is QUESTI ON28 1/1POIEN TS Giventhe folowinglistofpricesCinthousandsofdo Hars)ofrandomliyselectedttrucksat acardealership, findthemedian. 20,46,19,14,42,26,33 $$median=26 thousands of dollars AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswers: . $\text{median=}26\text{ thousands of dollars}$median=26 thousands of dollars Ithel pstoputhenumbersinorder. 14,19,20,26,33,42,46 Now, becausethel isthaslength7,whichisod »weknowthemediannumberwi ibe themid lenumber . Inotherwords, wecancountoitem 4 Inthelist,whichis26.So themedianpriceCinthousandsofdollars ofr andomlyselectedtrucksatacar dealershipis26. QUESTI ON29 1/1POIEN TS Eachpersoninagroupshufesadeckofcardsan dke psselectingacarduntila quenap ears .Findthemodeotfthe fFolowingnumberotfc ardsdrawnfromadeckuntil aquenapears. 3,12,3,11,5,5,3,10,12 $$mode=3 cards AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswers: . $\text{mode=}3\text{ cards}$mode=3 cards I Fwecounthenumberoftimeseachvalueap earsinthelist', wegethefollowing Frequencytable: Value Frequency 3 3 5 2 10 1 11 1 12 2 Notethat3 ocurs3 times,whichisthegreatest frequency, so3 isthemodeofthe numberofcardsdrawnfrom adeckuntilaquenapears. QUESTI ON3O 1/1POIEN TS Giventhe fFolowinghistogram,decidei fthedatais skewedorsymmetrical . Corectianswer: Thedataaresymmetric. Notethathehistogramap earstoberoughlysymmetric.Ssothedataare symmetric. QUESTI ON31 1/1POIEN TS Whichofthedatasetsrepresentedbythefollowingb oxandwhiskerpl orshasthe i smalleststiandarddevia on? : —{T}— a a os : IH oj} = 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Fourhori zontal box-and- whiskerplotsshareaverticalaxiswiththec lassesD,C,B,and Aandahorizontalaxisfrom Oto1l20inincrementsof2o0.Thebox-and- whiskerplot abovethectlasslabelAhasthe followingfive- numbersummary:4,69,7 ,82,and12. Thebox-and- whiskerplotabovetheclasslabel Bhasthe Followingfive-number summary :19, 64, 78,87, and121.Thebox-and- whiskerplotabovetheclIasslabelC hasthe followingfive- numbersummary: 60, 72,75,80,and92.Thebo x<-and-whisker plotabovetheclasslabelDhasthefolowingfive- numbersummary :2,63,7 ,92,and AnswerExplIanation Corectianswer: Cc Rememberthathestandarddeviationisamea sureofhowspreadouthedatais.I fthe valuesareconcentratedaroundthemean,th enadatasethasalowerstandard deviation. Aboxandwhiskerplotwithshortwhiskersandashort boxhasvaluesthatareless spreadout, andhencehasasmallerstandarddeviati on. QUESTI ON32 1/1POIEN TS Taegraphbelowshowsthe raphsotsqveralnor maldistributions, labefFedA,B,andC, onthesameaxis ._.Determinewhichnormaldistr ibutionhasthesmaleststandard deviation. 1/1LPOINTS Braydentossesacoin500 times .Ofthose500 times,heobservesheadsatotal of416 times .Calculationsshowthatheprobabilit yofthisocurringbychanceisless than0.01, assumingthecoinisfair.Determin Weexpecthat416 ofeverys500 Eoi ntosseswi lresultinheads. FEN e0.01 hevel ofsignificance,thecoinislike lynotafai rcoin. Thereiscertaintythathecoinisnota Faircoin. Theresultsarenotstatisticallysignificantatheo.0 5levelofsignificance. AnswerExplIanation Corectianswer: Athe0.01 levelofsignificance,thecoinislikelynotafairco in. Theresultsoftheexperimentaresignificantathed. 01 levelofsignificance.This meanstheprobabilitythatheoutcomewastheresul tofchanceis0.01 orless. Becauseofthis,wecanbefairlyconfident, butnotc ertain,thathecoinisnotafair coin. QUESTI ON34 1/1POIEN TS Isthestatementbelowtrueorfalse? Independentisthepropertyoftwoeventsinwhicht heknowledgethatoneoftheevents ocurreddoesnotaffecthechancetheotherocurs. hatiscoret! True C False AnswerExplIanation Corectanswer: True Independentisdefinedasthepropertyoftwoe vents inwhichtheknowledgethatoneof theeventsocurreddoesnotaffecthechancet heotherocurs. QUESTI ON35 1/1POIEN TS Ofthe Folowingpairsofevents, whichpairhasmutu hatiscoret! q pobingasumgreaterthan? trom | tworotlsofastandarddieandrolliinga4 Forehetrse throw drawinga?2 anddrawinga4 withreplacement from astandarddeckofcards rollingasumof9 Fromtworoksofastandarddieandrollinga2 forthefirstrol drawingaredcardandthendrawingablackc ardwithreplacementfrom astandard deckofcards AnswerExplIanation Corectianswer: rolingasumof9 from tworomlsofastandarddieandrollinga2 AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswers: : $\left(67,\ 87\right)$(67, 87) Aconfidenceintervalisanintervalofvalues,cent eredonapointestimate, oftheform (pointestimate—marginof error,pointestimate+marginof error) Usingthegi venpointestimateforthemean, xX =77 andmarginoferrorl0, the confidenceintervalis: (77—10,77+10)(67,87) QUESTI ON38 1/1POIEN TS Arandom sampleofadultswereaskedwhethertheypre fereadingane-bo kovera printedbo . k.Thesurveyresultedinasampleproportio nofp=0.14, withasampling standarddeviationofop =0.02, whopreferredreadingane-bo k. UsetheempiricalruletoconstructaI5% confidenceinterval forthetrueproportiono fF adultswhoprefere-bo ks. $$(0.10, 0.18) AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswers: . $\left(0.10,\ 0.18\right)$(0.10, 0.18) BytheEmpiricalRule,a95% confidenceinterval correspondstoaz-scoreofz=2. Substitutingthegivenvaluesp=0.14 andop '=0.02, aconfidenceintervalis popu lationstandarddeviationfor eightsofdogs,ininches, inacity 7 inches. I fFwewantobe9I5% confidenthathesamplemeanis within2 inchesofthetruepopulationmean, whatisthemini The the is3. mumsamplesizethatcan bettaken ? Z0.101.282Z0.051.645Z0.0251.960Z0.012.326Z0.0052.576 Usethetabl eabove forthez- $$14 dog heights score, andbesuretorounduptothenearestinteger AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswers: $14\text{ dog heights}$14 dog heights TheformulaforsamplesiZzeisn=202EBMz2. Inthisformul a ,Z=Z2=20.025=1.96, becausetheconfidencelevel is95%.From theproblem, weknow thato=3.7 andEBM=2 . Therefore, N=z02EBM2=(1.96)2(3.7)222#13.1 5. Usen=14 toensurethathesamplesizeislargeenoug Also,thesamplesizeformulashownaboveissometi meswritenusinganalternate formato fn=(z£E)2. Inthisformula, Eisusedtodenote marginoferrorandtheentire parenthesesisraisedtotheexponent2. Therefore,themarginoferrorforthemeanca nbedenotedby"EBM"orby"E" Either 11 «(14 12. 12 13 8 14 3 15 1 16 1 iw Value Frequency 12 1 13 1 14 3 15 6 16 23 17. 29 18 #19 19 #15 20 3 r Value Frequency 5 16 23 19 22 9 4 2 NOUBWNEFO AnswerExplIanation Corectanswer : Value Frequency 12 1 13 1 14 3 15 6 16 23 17 29 18 19 19 15 20 3 Value Frequency 0 5 1 16 2 23 3 19 4 22 5 9 6 4 7 2 Rememberthatdataareleftskewedi fthereisamain concentrationoflargevalueswith severalmuchsmallervalues.Similarly, rightskew eddatahaveamainconcentrationoF smalivalueswithseveralmuchlargervalues.Weca nse thathefollowingislefre skewedbecauseoftheconcentrationoflargevalue swithmanysmallervalues: Value Frequency 12 1 13 1 14 3 15 6 16 23 17.29 18 19 19 15 20 3 Andthe folowingisrightskewedbecauseoFfitsconc entrationofsmaivalueswithmany largervalues: Value Frequency 0 5 1 16 2 23 3 19 4 22 5 9 6 4 7 2 Theotherfrequencytablesaremorebalancedandsy mmetrical . Youranswer: Value Frequency 5 1 6 3 7 8 8 10 9 13 10 26 11 14 12 12 13 8 14 3 15 1 16 1 Theresultsarestatisticalysigni ficantatheo.05 levelofsigni ficanceinshowingthat theproportionofpeopleinruralareaswhowanthed efendingchampi onstowinthe gQameisdifferenthantheproportionofpeopleinurba nNareas. nh t n c Thedataisnotstatisticalysigni ficantatheo.05 levelofsigni ficanceinshowingthat theproportionofpeopleinruralareaswhowanthed efendingchampi onstowinthe gQameisdifferenthantheproportionofpeopleinurba nareas. AnswerExplIanation Corectianswer: Theresultsarestatisticallysignificantat he0.05 levelofsigni ficanceinshowingthat FREBFSBSBY I PEP TATARLST UH SULEYISD DIOP Psistes sthan0.05, soweconcludethat thedataarestatisticallysignificantinshowingth atheproportionofpeopleinruralareas whowanthedefendingchampionstowinthegameisdi fferenthantheproportionof peopleinurbanareas. QUESTI ON42 1/1POIEN TS Inapsychologicalstudyaimedatestingadrugthat reducesanxiety, theresearcher groupedtheparticipantsinto2 groupsandgavetheanxiety- reductionpi #toonegroup andaninertpi #toanothergroup.Whichgrouprecei hatiscoret! q thegroupthatrecei vedt flieanxiety- feductionpil thepsychologicalstudy allthepeopleinthestudy © thegroupthatreceivedtheinertpil AnswerExplIanation Corectianswer: thegroupthatreceivedtheinertpil Whentheexperimentalunitsarepeople,ap lyingtreatmentsthatshouldbeinertcan actuallyhaveeffects . Sothegroupthatreceivedth einertpilreceivedtheplacebo. UESTI N43 1/1POIEN TS Whichofthefolowingresultsinthenulihyp othesisv238 andalternative imsthathemeanamountoftimeth thegym pervisitisatmost38 Afitinesscentercl atapersonspends minutes. @ Afiinesscenterclaimsthathemeanamountoftimeth ata persons pendsathegym pervisitisfewerthan3s8 minutes. gv c Afitnesscentercl aimsthathemeanamounto fti methatapersonspendsathegym Rervisitis 8minutes. Afitnesscenterclai msthathemeanamounto ft imeth ata persons pendsathegym pervisitismorethan38 minutes. AnswerExplIanation Corectianswer: AfftnesscenterclaimsthathemeanamountoF ELMS FES PSRERS PERES DE PEAD SHES cenario InoptionBhasthenul hypothesisy=38 basedonthewords"fewerthan"andthe fac thathenul hypothesisisalwaysstatedwithsome form ofequality. Byusingtheknowntotalsalongtherowsand columnsyoucanfilintherestofthe contingencytable.Forexample,lo kingathesecondrowinthetable, weknow that33 ad edtotheunknownnumberinthemid leis67, sothatunknownnumber 1s34.Continuinginthisway,wecanfilintheentiret able: StudentsplaysportsdonotplaysportsT otalplayaninstrument273 3eddonotplayaninstrument35 346 Stotale26y 1 129 Fromthis,wecanse thathenumberofstudentswhobothdonotplaysport Sanddo notplayaninstrumentis34. FEEDBACK Content attribution- Opens a dialog QUESTI ON45 1/1POIEN TS Filinthefolowingcontingencytableandfindthenu mberofstudentswhobothdonot playsportsANDdonotplayaninstrument. ‘Studéntsplaysportsdonotpla sportsT otalplayaninstrument33d onotplayaninstrument69T otal6267 $$34 AnswerExplIanation Corecttanswers: a $34$34 Byusingtheknowntotalsalongtherowsandcolumns youcanfilintherestofthe contingencytable.Forexample,lo kingathesecondrowinthetable, weknow that33 ad edtotheunknownnumberinthemid leis67, sothatunknownnumber i $34 -Continuinginthisway,wecanfilintheenti ret able: StudentsplaysportsdonotplaysportsTotal Seo ay p atplaysp playaninstrument273 onotplayaninstrument353469 otal6267129 Fromthis,wecanse thathenumberofstudentswhobothdonotplaysport Sanddo notplayaninstrumentis34. QUESTI ON46 1/1POIEN TS Theanswerchoicesbel ow i e nthypothes areleft-tailedtests?P I Selectallcorectanswers. r Ho:X=17.3 , Ha:X#17.3 w Ho:X219.7, Ha:X<19.7 ¥ Ho:X211.2, Ha:X<11.2 AnormalbelcurvelabeledUp erAandanormalelongatedcurvelabeledUup erBare centeredathesamepoint.NormalcurveUp hatiscoret! erBisnarrowerandabovenormal curve Up r eraA. Ahasthelargermean. r B hasthelargermean. w ThemeansofA andB areequal . ma Ahasthelargerstandarddeviation. r B hasthelargerstandarddeviation. ThestandarddeviationsofA andB areequal . AnswerExplIanation Corectanswer : ThemeansofA andB areequal . AbaSikhbetansenscheadorddermhatd Patributionisth ex-valueofitscentralpointcthe topofthe"hil''>).Therefore,adistributionwitha largermeanwi §becenteredfartherto therighthanadistributionwithasmalliermean. BecauseA andB arecenteredathesamepoint, theirmeansareequa I. RememberthathestandarddeviationtelShowsprea douthenormaldistributionis.So ahighstandarddeviationmeansthegraphwi lbesho rtandspreadout -.Alowstandard deviationmeansthegraphwi §lbetallandskiny. BecauseA isshorterandmorespreadouthanB, wefindt hatA hasthelarger standarddeviation. QUESTI ON49 1/1POIEN TS Hugoaverages/2 . . wordsperminuteonatypingtestwithast andarddeviation of12 wordsperminute. Sup oseHugo" swordsperminuteonatypingte stare normallydistributed.LetX= thenumberofwordsperminuteonatyping test. Then, X~N(72,12) - Sup oseHugotypes54