ASCP Practice Exam: Molecular Biology and Genetics Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

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(MB) ASCP PRACTICE EXAM|155 QUESTIONS WITH 100%

CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED A+ (2023-2024)

Which of the following is not a component of a nucleotide? Phosphate group Anti-codon Ribose sugar

Nitrogen base - correct answers ⬛✓Anti-codon

According to Chargaff's rule of base pairing, adenine pairs with: - correct answers ⬛✓Thymine

What genes would be screened in a breast cancer panel? - correct answers ⬛✓HER2, ERBB2, BRCA

Next Generation Sequencing uses: - correct answers ⬛✓⬛Short sequence reads

Purines and pyrimidines differ from each other in that: - correct answers ⬛⬛✓Purines have two rings; pyrimidines have one ring

The purines are: Cytosine and uracil Adenine and thymine Thymine and cytosine Adenine and guanine - correct answers ⬛✓Adenine and guanine

What is the rate of mutation per round of DNA replication? 1 in 1,000 base pairs 1 in 10,000 base pairs 1 in 1,000,000 base pairs 1 in 1,000,000,000 base pairs - correct answers ⬛✓1 in 1,000,000,000 base pairs

The rate of DNA migration through an agarose gel during electrophoresis does not depend on which of the following factors? Net charge of the molecule

A patient with impaired judgment, personality changes, signs of abnormal body movements and depression comes to the physician's office for a follow-up visit. The physician suspects a single- gene disorder may be the cause of those clinical manifestations. A blood specimen was then sent to your clinical laboratory for mutation screening in the Huntington gene. Testing with standard PCR indicates that patient has Huntington Disease, HD. Which of the following would be consistent with this diagnosis? 25 CAG repeats in the Huntington gene 85 CAG repeats in the Huntington gene 25 CGA repeats in the Huntington gene 85 CGA repeats in the Huntington gene - correct answers ⬛✓85 CAG repeats in the Huntington gene

Which two HPV types are responsible for most cases of cervical cancer? 16 and 18 31 and 59 16 and 58

44 and 59 - correct answers ⬛✓ 16 and 18

Replication forks, known as origins of DNA replication, are created by this enzyme:

Ligase Taq Polymerase Primase

Helicase - correct answers ⬛✓Helicase

Mutation in what gene is associated with Fragile X syndrome? - correct answers ✓⬛FMR 1

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is caused by what translocation? - correct answers ⬛✓t( 1 1;1 4 )

This polymerase is involved in "initiation of DNA replication and has primase activity": - correct answers ⬛✓⬛Pol α

Its discovery shed light on why there is simultaneous, though not continuous, synthesis of DNA on both leading and lagging strands of DNA: Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase Okazaki fragments Sanger fragments RNA fragments - correct answers ⬛✓Okazaki fragments

to your clinical laboratory for mutation screening in the Huntingtin gene. Which of these methods would best accomplish this task? Methylation-specific PCR Standard PCR PFGE

RAPD PCR - correct answers ✓⬛Standard PCR

Which of the following storage options is optimal for storing isolated DNA for a period greater than seven years? 22-25ºC 2-8ºC -20ºC

• 70ºC - correct answers ⬛✓-70ºC

Consider a hypothetical mutation involving gene X. Let's say you amplify a specific exon, say exon 11, of that gene then you cut it with restriction enzyme W. In a person without the mutation, cutting the gene with restriction enzyme W generates two fragments of sizes, 100 bp and 250 bp. Suppose a C>T mutation in gene X deletes a restriction site, yielding a fragment of 350 bp. You would expect a heterozygous person for gene X to have these fragments on a restriction gel:

+/+ = 350 bp; 250 bp; 100 bp; m/+ = Only the 350 bp m/+ = 350 bp; 250 bp; 100 bp

m/m = 350 bp; 250 bp - correct answers ⬛⬛✓m/+ = 350 bp; 250 bp; 100 bp

Which of the following will more likely lower stringency conditions in the washing step of a hybridization experiment? Increase the concentration of salt in the wash solution buffer Increase the temperature from, say 68°C to 75°C Use a probe with a higher density of GC base pairs as compared to one with a lower GC base pair density

Remove formamide from the wash solution buffer - correct answers Increase the concentration of salt in the wash solution buffer

What enzyme is involved in LCR? - correct answers ⬛✓DNA Ligase

Next Generation Sequencing set-up require: Library preparation and extensive bioinformatics analysis BAC clones

60°C

58°C

64°C

62°C - correct answ e rs ⬛✓58°C

This polymerase acts on DNA and produces Ribosomal RNA:

RNA Pol I DNA Pol I RNA Pol II DNA Pol II - correct answers ⬛✓R NA Pol I

Sickle cell disease is an autosomal genetic disease due to a point mutation in the beta-globin gene, where glutamic acid is substituted for valine at the sixth codon of the gene, resulting in a faulty hemoglobin S (Hb S). Sickle cell disease is one of many genetic diseases where a single gene controls the expression of many phenotypic traits. The phenomenon where a single gene controls the expression of many phenotypic traits is best referred to as: - correct answers ⬛✓Pleiotrophy

What assay amplifies the target using a combination of a three-enzyme system?

Branched DNA TMA PCR NASBA

LCR - correct answ e rs ⬛✓NAS B A

In what part of a qPCR Amplification Plot do you take your measurement? - correct answers ⬛✓⬛Exponential phase

All of the following are liquid tumors, except:

Mantle cell lymphoma Ewing sarcoma Burkitt's lymphoma

Acute promyelocytic leukemia - correct answers ⬛✓Ewing sarcoma

What assay amplifies the probe signal and the probe RNA concentration increases if the target to be detected is present? Branched DNA TMA PCR NASBA LCR

Qβ replicase - correct answers ✓⬛Qβ replicas e

This restriction enzyme "digests and adds a methyl group from Adenine": Type I Type II Type III

DNa se I - correct answ er s ⬛✓Type III

What increases the half-life of mRNA? 5' Methyl Cap 3' Methyl Cap

Poly-A tail

5' Methionine Cap - correct answe rs ⬛✓5' Methyl Cap

A parent has an autosomal dominant disorder. What percent chance does this parent have to pass down this affected gene to his/her child? 0% 25% 50% 75%

100% - correct answers ⬛✓50%

The phrase "central dogma of molecular biology" refers to the flow of genetic data in this manner: DNA --> RNA --> Proteins DNA -->Proteins --> Genes RNA --> DNA --> Proteins

R NA --> Proteins --> DNA - correct answ e rs ⬛✓DNA --> R NA --> Protei ns

A parent has an autosomal recessive disorder. What percent chance does this parent have to pass down this affected gene to his/her child? 0% 25% 50% 75%

100% - correct answers ⬛✓100%

Which DNA polymerase is responsible for copying DNA by reading existing strand, building new complementary strand and always adds to 3' end, but can't start a new strand on its own (ORI sites)? DNA Polymerase III DNA Polymerase I Gyrase

None of the choices li ste d - correct answ e rs ⬛✓DNA Polymeras e III

How many log10 reductions in HIV viral load is considered to be successful upon treatment? 0.5log 1log

2log

3log10 - correct answ e rs ⬛✓0.5log

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a tRNA molecule? D arm Beta arm T arm Anti-codon arm - correct answers ⬛✓Beta arm

This translocation creates a fusion protein between the Abl1 gene on one chromosome and the BCR gene on the other chromosome, resulting in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML): - correct answers ⬛✓t(9;22)

What stain bi nds to minor groove of DNA Duplex? - correct answers ⬛✓SYBR

Which of the following best characterizes a vector? helps carry DNA into cell ie plasmids, virus allows formation of double-stranded molecules

3' to 5' complementarity of primer pairs 5' to 5' complementarity of primer pairs

5' to 3' complementarity of primer pairs - correct a nswers ⬛✓3' to 3' complementarity of primer pairs

The hydroxyl group in a deoxyribonucleotide is expected to be found on which position of the sugar? C1' C2' C3' C 4' - correct answ e rs ⬛✓C 3'

Nucleic acid hybridization methods can be affected by a host of factors. Select all the factors that that can influence this process. G:C ratio of bases pH of the hybridization reaction Hybridization temperature

All of the above - correct answers ⬛✓All of the above

A technologist uses the spectrophotometer to quantify the amount of DNA extracted from a blood specimen diluted 1:30. The absorbance reading at 260 nm was found to be 2.545. The concentration of DNA in this extract is: 76.35 micrograms/mL 3817.5 micrograms/mL 381.75 micrograms/mL

3054.0 microgra ms/ mL - correct answ e rs ⬛✓⬛3817.5 microgra ms/ mL

Mutation in UGT1A1 affects metabolism of what drug? - correct answe rs ⬛✓Ironotecan

Testing for HOXB13, BRCA1 and BCRA2 is usually done in patients with: - correct answers ⬛✓Prostate cancer

RT-PCR can be used to quantify messenger RNA (mRNA) among other uses. All of the following concerning RT-PCR are true, EXCEPT: RT-PCR is useful in detecting RNA-viruses, such as HIV RT-PCR uses alkaline phosphatase to reverse amplify the signal

RT-PCR produces c DNA usi ng R NA templates - correct answers ⬛✓RT-P CR uses alkaline phosphatase to reverse amplify the signal