MCAT Exam Practice Questions and Answers: AAMC FL 5, Exams of Nursing

Download MCAT Exam Practice Questions and Answers: AAMC FL 5 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

AAMC MCAT EXAM FL 5, 200 QUESTIONS AND DETAILED

CORRECT ANSWERS AGRADE 2024

ANSWER>>

A major obstacle to obtaining useful energy from a nuclear fusion reactor is containment of the fuel at the very high temperatures required for fusion. The reason such high temperatures are required is to: ANSWER>> A MAKES NO SENSE WHY WOULD YOU USE HIGH TEMPS TO ELIMINATE THE NULEAR FORCE charge is always conserved no matter the carge C- the higher density the material, the closer the nucleic are to each oter A particular diploid organism is heterozygous in each of 3 unlinked genes. Considering only these 3 genes, how many different types of gametes can this organism produce? ANSWER>> Heterozygous for 3 indepedent/unlinked genes so their genotype is Aa, Bb, Cc each gamete they produce can inherit one allele of each gene 2 possibilits for gene 1, 2 for gene 2, 2 for gene 3 22 A woman's manufacturing job is unexpectedly outsourced to a factory in Country A. She responds with hostility and anger towards all people from Country A and accuses them of taking her job. Which concept best describes her response? ANSWER>> Xenophobia- fear and suspicion towards cultures perceived to be foreign ethnocentrism- values and practices of other cultures is evaluated by someone's own cultural lenses and is considered as inferior According to the data presented in the passage, 5-HTR4 is a: ANSWER>> Passage says that 5-HTR4 is a transmembrane protein that binds to 5-HT and 5-ht increases camp levels

An ester is prepared by the method of direct esterification using an esterase enzyme as a catalyst. Which of the following modifications will NOT appreciably increase the final yield of ester? ANSWER>> B. increase on reactant will shift to products C. increase in reactants will shift to products D. removing product will cause product to freak out and get it An increase in which of the following physiological variables is most likely to cause an increase in the amount of EPO released by the kidneys in a healthy human adult? ANSWER>> increase in aerobic exercise causes an increase in oxygen demand Approximately how many moles of Kr+ are contained in the laser tube at 0°C and 1 atm? ANSWER>> Have to recognize STP conditions of 0 C and 1 atm (22.4 L) Volume in PV=nrt is in L 1cm^3=1mL As infants, what type of parent-infant interaction most likely occurred for the participants? ANSWER>> Avoidant attachment- no anxiety, does not want contact with the parent secure attachment- some attachment anxiety and and separation anxiety strong separation anxiety + tendency to resist contact with the parent-- anxious ambivalent As the pH of a solution of this amino acid is raised, which group deprotonates first? ANSWER>> Between I and III I would be more acidic because the negative charged is stabilized through inductive effect of the neighboring electronegative chlorines In the case of III the negative charge would be unstable because of the close charge seaparation from the amino group Based on the information in the passage, the mutation that causes the LP phenotype is most likely located in: ANSWER>> LP phenotype: resultsin lactase being produced

Certain types of kidney tumors continuously produce and release EPO. Such tumors most likely have which of the following effects, if any, on erythrocyte production? ANSWER>> liver doesn't product erythroycytes do monocytes have a nucleus ANSWER>> yes Due to the assertion that the local environment influences adolescents' norms and values, the ecological perspective is most similar to which sociological theory? ANSWER>> strain theory- how people react to social constraints to achieving goals disengagement theory- deals with how OLDER PEOPLE disengage from society differential association- focuses on how an individual might learn behaviors that are considered deviant in a larger society labeling theory- focuses on how deviant behaviors in the past have long term stigmatiizng impacts on individuals Each gamete ANSWER>> will receive one copy of each chromosome and one allele for every gene each gamete can inherit one allele of each gene Enantiomers can exhibit a difference in which chemical or physical property? ANSWER>> - Enantiomers retain most properties (density, boiling point, IR spect)

• The strong nuclear force is what holds a nucleus together, fusion would want a strong nuclear force to hold the. protons together Expression of the rHuEPO gene in E. coli bacteria produced an EPO protein that did not increase erythrocyte production when injected into humans. The most likely reason for this observation is that: ANSWER>> - post translation modifications are usually for eukaryotes
• prokarytes and eukaryotes read the same way glycosidic linkages ANSWER>> bind carbs together hydrogen bonds ANSWER>> base pair nucleotides If both the capacitor and the power supply in Figure 1 are adjustable, which of the following changes would result in an increase in the charge on the capacitor?

Jack Westin Advanced Solution will be added here. A. Decreasing the area of the parallel plates B. Decreasing the separation between the parallel plates C. Removing the dielectric from the capacitor D. Decreasing the voltage of the power supply ANSWER>> Q=CV and also C=AE0/D Adding a dielectric will increase the capacitance and therefore decrease the energy stored in a capacitor If participants in the study rated the administrator's attitude more inconsistently in the "Alone" condition than in the "With Others" condition, then: ANSWER>> In statisitics, standard deviation increases when there is a greater variance in participants' responses (when the responses are inconsistent) standard deviation is a measure of how spread out the numbers are If the combined mass of the TPMT substrate and cofactor was determined before the enzymatically catalyzed reaction and then compared to the combined mass of the product and the cofactor after the reaction, the net change in molecular weight will be: ANSWER>> Passage says that TPMT is an enzyme (methyltransferase) can also think about the conservation of mass balance equation on products and reactants If the energy of a photon is doubled, which of the following properties of the photon will also double? ANSWER>> e=hc/lambda e=hf If the wavelength of a light beam were doubled, its frequency would be: ANSWER>> c=lambdaf

water soluble independent variables have to be ANSWER>> experimentally manipulated isomers of glucose ANSWER>> galactose and fructose Lactase can be classified as which type of enzyme? ANSWER>> Converts lactose into glucose and galactose Passage says that lactase breaks down lactose to glucose and galactose glycosidic linkages in disaccharides are cleaved by a hydrolysis reaction A they are not isomers, D, no C. nothing is being transfered so cannot be a transferase Lymphocytes are for ANSWER>> adaptive immunity Monocytes are for ANSWER>> innate immunity Participants' responses to the self-statements on the inventory described in the passage could be affected by each of the following confounds EXCEPT: ANSWER>> Hawtrone effect- change in behavior when they know they are being observed. demand characterisitcs- results of experiment are biased because the experimenters' expectancies regarding the performance create an implicit demand to perform as expected Participants' scores on the antagonism scale are most likely associated with scores on which personality trait? ANSWER>> "To assess personality, the researchers developed a brief inventory (the HP5) based on the Five-Factor Model of personality." big 5 OCEAN conscientiousness= related to organization, punctulaity, and dependability sensation- degree to which indiviudals seek novelty and high stimulating activities openness- curiosity, imagination, and unconventional attitudes phosphodiester bonds ANSWER>> link successive nucleotides in the sequence of nucleic acids post translational modifications take place in the ANSWER>> ER

Pv=nrt ANSWER>> Helps you look at the relationship between everything 4 mols of CO react to give you 2 mol of product n is halved that mean pressure is halved bc direct relationship 0.5* Question A 34-year-old man has had a series of brief relationships with several romantic partners, but has never established a close, intimate relationship with a partner. According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which outcome best describes this example? ANSWER>> role confusion is in adolescents Question A person pushes on a rolling cart with a force that diminishes with time because the person must walk faster to keep up with the accelerating cart. How much work does the person generate while pushing on the cart? ANSWER>> area on force and distance graph= work Question A researcher interested in cultural differences regarding happiness designs a crosscultural study in which happiness is measured relative to a nation's gross domestic product. Which is a dependent variable in this study? ANSWER>> Looking at happiness RELATIVE to the nation's gross domestic product happiness levels change probably with the gross domestic product Question A woman loses her job, finds that she is unable to pay her bills, and accumulates debt. She must sell her home and move into an apartment. This woman has experienced which type of social mobility? ANSWER>> Horizontal mobility- individual's change of role within the same class. Vertical mobility- change in someone's SES status.

In operant conditioning, partial reinforcement, rather than continuous reinforcement, leads to a response that is: ANSWER>> continuous reinforcement- fast rate of acquisition but quicker to extinction partial reinforcement- slower acquisition and slower extinction Question Which membrane transporter is electrogenic and translocates a net charge across the membrane? ANSWER>> - Na+ H+ exhchanger (antiporter so charges would cancel)

• Na+ C- cotransporter, they go together at the same time so cancel
• Na+ glucose cotransporter yeah D. glucose is not a charged molecule Question Which of the following substances is polar? ANSWER>> If there is a net dipole it is polar Question Which statement best describes the sociological conceptualization of race and ethnicity? ANSWER>> - race and ethnicity change over time and location
• not based on physical characterisitcs because they encompass social and cultural categories Samples from various time points of the proteolysis of TPMTwt were subjected to SDSPAGE under reducing conditions. Which figure best depicts the expected appearance of the gel? ANSWER>> - For proteolysis, the protein is expected to be broken up over time
• Small fragments will travel faster in the SDS-PAGE A and B show that they are building up or oligermizing social comparison ANSWER>> individuals compare

themselves (favorable or unfavorably) to their social contacts social inhibition ANSWER>> presence of audience hinders performance stagnation is a stage in erikson for ANSWER>> middle adulthood stereotype threat ANSWER>> an individual might be worried about conforming to a negatively stereotyped role due to their social background Suburbanization is most likely to be studied by researchers working with which of the four theoretical perspectives from the passage? ANSWER>> movement out of cities into suburbs remember they are asking about which one is talking about what suburbanization is, hence answer A The association observed experimentally between the expression of miRNAs and mRNAs in AR kidney transplants indicates that miRNAs regulate the expression of genes implicated in which type(s) of immune response(s)? ANSWER>> I looked as passage when the question clearly stated the experiment, so have to refer to the experiment for this Passage info: Using AR biopsy specimens, researchers measured the levels of CD3 (T cell) mRNA and CD20 (B cell) mRNA and determined that there was a positive correlation between these mRNA levels and the levels of miR- 142 - 5p, miR- 15 5, and miR-223 but not with miR-10b, miR-30a-3p and let-7c. So it is only referring to the adaptive immune system The categorization aspect of the cognitive functioning assessment involves which type of memory? ANSWER>> Not short term because sort term can only hold it in for a couple of seconds semantic memory- facts and knowledge

conforms) representatuve heuristic- you think i am a doctor because i am wearing scrubs and that confirms the prototype of a doctor wearing scrubs The patient described in the passage is most likely using which defense mechanism? ANSWER>> Passage: pt has low self esteem and says he feels inferior towards his successful partner, hates feeling tht wsy, stop ttending social events with partner bc elevates feelings of inferiority but also has love for him Projection= occurs when someone attributes unacceptale thoughts or behaviors within themself to another person rationalizatio-- logical explanation for unacceptable behavior rxn formation- minimizing uncomfy thoughts or emotions by overemphasizing their opposite. emotion displacement- involves shifting emotion from a less to more acceptable target The radiation of wavelength 605 nm CANNOT be used to produce the fluorescence radiations depicted in Figure 3 because: ANSWER>> Maybe if you read the passage for once in your life and not get confident then maybe you wouldn't have to take the exam for a third time Not D because look at the passage not C because of E=hc/lambda (high wavelength low energy) The reaction between NADH and ubiquinone is exergonic, but the reaction, when catalyzed by Na+-NQR, does not generate much heat in vivo. What factor accounts for this difference? ANSWER>> Conservation of energy, it is not created nor destroyed but merely changes forms A. Is not possible, Even if it was heat generation would be larger for a catalyzed rection. C. is impossible, reactants have to be close together to react

The movement of a charged particle against its concentration gradient is energetically costly. The resting potential of a neuron is primarily a result of the: ANSWER>> Ca2+ pumps actively transport Ca2+ out of the neuron. Intracellular Ca2_ primalriy cntrols neurotransmitter release and not the resting potential of the neuron/ The structure of Compound 2 is shown. Compound 2 What structural feature(s) is(are) most important to the functioning of this compound as described in the passage? ANSWER>> - Compound 2 helped extract the receptor

• Receptor is MPR (progesterone) steroid is hydrophobic so probably has to do someting with that Two open flasks I and II contain different volumes of the same liquid. Suppose that the pressure is measured at a point 10 cm below the surface of the liquid in each container. How will the pressures compare? ANSWER>> pressure=pgh g=10 p= density (same liquid so same density) h= 10 cm both have same height so pressure will be the same-
• if heights were different pressure would be different units for capacitance ANSWER>> farad Weber's characteristics of an ideal bureaucracy suggest that most formal organizations will: ANSWER>> - Employment in a formal organization is based on technical qualifications
• Weber's conceptualization of ideal bureaucracy- formal organization requires specializtion in a limited number of tasks rather than completing a variety of tasks
• hierarchy makes decisions
• standarized rules

Kr has proton number as 36 86 - 36=50 the cation or anion charge with any element is indicative of the charge aka electron count What is the ratio of cation to enzyme in the spectroelectrochemical experiments described in the passage? ANSWER>> cation : enzyme passage says Na+NQR was diluted to a final concentration of 0.75 mM in 0.150 molar of the cation ions cation .15 M: When the covalent attachment to alliinase is broken, PLP is still held rigidly in the active site by a salt bridge and a π-stacking interaction. These interactions are most likely provided by the side chains of which amino acids? ANSWER>> Can eliminate B and D because they do not include pi stacking (tyrosine pi stacks) Now between Asp and Arg. Use passage info Alliinase is a pyridoxal phosphate (PLP, vitamin B6) dependent enzyme. PLP is a planar molecule with a 6-membered ring, a hydroxyl group, an aldehyde group, and a phosphate. PLP is covalently attached to alliinase by forming an aldimine with the side chain of the amino acid at position 251. So negative needs a positive to stabilize (phosphate in the group when deprotonated would be negative) Which brain region will be LEAST activated when participants are completing the tasks in the study? ANSWER>> passage: identify a past event, physical and emotional stess respoonse parietal lobe- it intergrates sensory information and it would least likely to be used in this case prefrontal cortex- involved in executive functioning and decision making amygdala- emotional encoding Which cells express lactase? ANSWER>> C. Parietal cells secrete Hcl so would not make sense. B. Colon helps concentrate feves so would not make sense.

D.Hepatocytes are liver cells and do not produce enzymes Enterocytes are intestinal cells that produce enzymes that digest disaccharides Which chromatographic technique would most likely separate a mixture of native carbonic anhydrase from carbonic anhydrase photochemically modified by CCl3CO2H? ANSWER>> Passage says: Native carbonic anhydrase also has a net charge of - 2.9 at pH 8.0. The photochemical adds carboxylic acids which are negatively charged Which classification of amino acids applies to the Trp residues after photochemical modification by CCl3CO2H? ANSWER>> Carboxylic is an acid it is not asking about trp in general but rather the residues Which comparison best determines whether IFNγ is necessary for antidepressantinduced increases in the expression of p11? ANSWER>> In order to study antidepressant-induced increases in p11 expression, both test groups must be given an antidepressant or SSRI. To study the additional effect of IFNgamma one test group should be non-affected (wild type) and other should lack ifn gamma Which conclusion demonstrates a fundamental attribution error when interpreting the results of the study? ANSWER>> Fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency to attribute's people behavior to dispositional traits Which construct best describes the process in which an immigrant group comes to express the cultural values and norms of a new country? ANSWER>> - Cultural transmission- transmission of values and practices from one generation to another

• Cultural relativism- understnading every culture is unique in someway
• cultural diffusion- mutual exchange of cultural values and practices among cultural groups in a society or among societiies

Which is a plausible reason why participants with the attachment style investigated are less likely to seek support from others in times of stress? ANSWER>> Avoidant attachment style- difficulties in trusting and depending on others (they are less likely to seek support during times of stress) Lack of worry- this is secure attachment style concerns about others relutance to get close to them- anxious ambivalent style Which outcome most likely results from exposure of Ogg1-/- mice to TNFα ANSWER>> Passage says that OGGI is shown to be a key part in recognizing DNA damage base excision repair due to ROS damage. TNFalpha is stated to result in greater ROS and more DNA damage. Increased DNA damage wit reduced repair mechanisms is more likely to increase cancer incidience. Which process most likely accounts for the effect of the peer group's response, described in paragraph 4, on a teenager's drug experimentation? ANSWER>> Normative- individuals acting in ways that comply with the norms of their social groups information social influence- individuals conform to others' behavior because they are in an ambigious situation for which they do not have a script Which receptors are responsible for the color vision necessary to detect the food coloring described in the passage? ANSWER>> Rods- responsible for black and white vision Which statement best explains the patient's behavior in terms of operant conditioning? ANSWER>> C. A positive punisher decrease the frequency of the preceding behavior by introducing an aversive stimulus. pt's attendance of social events decreased as a result of his event attendance leading to the elevation of feelings of inferiority Which type of reaction has a Keq > 1 and is kinetically fast? ANSWER>> Yeah there are more products than reactants small k value indicates more reactants than products