MCAT Practice tests Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2023), Exams of Nursing

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The Schachter-Singer theory differs from the James-Lange theory of emotion because it states that: - Correct Answer ✅It is necessary to understand and label the physiological arousal in response to a situation in order to feel emotion (T or F) Reflexive motor responses are regulated in the brain - Correct Answer ✅False A Cognitive behaviorist therapist would see the causes of a disorder as stemming from.... - Correct Answer ✅Interactions between thoughts and behaviors (Ex. Treatment for an agoraphobe might include accompanying the patient to the mall and challenging her belief that she will have a panic attack) It was observed that students tended to behave like other students in their particular group of friends. What term describes this? - Correct Answer ✅Peer pressure (sometimes the simple answers are the best)

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____________ is based on people changing behavior or attitudes based on observation. - Correct Answer ✅Social cognitive theory ___________ bias occurs when participants may mislabel themselves and go into the wrong group. - Correct Answer ✅Self-selection Prior to assimilation, ethnic groups migrating from a less industrialized culture to a more industrialized culture generally relate to their new culture with ________ fertility and _______ mortality. - Correct Answer ✅Higher; higher (larger families and shorter life-spans) ________ theories are generally focused on a large marginalized group, or objection to a dominant cultural norm. - Correct Answer ✅Conflict (Ex. The dominant cultural religion becomes intertwined with public education and roughly a quarter of the population practices a contrary religion)

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If a thrill-seeker engaged i dangerous activities due to the fact that the fear of death is powerful enough to ward off recollection of painful memories, he or she is most closely mirroring: - Correct Answer ✅Dissociative disorder When faced with a predator, sometimes individuals of a group of Thompson's gazelles will engage in stotting: leaping into the air with all four feet simultaneously in front of the predator. Stotting is considered an example of - Correct Answer ✅An honest, costly signal of fitness to predators A child points ot a tree and says he sees a bird. The mother turns around toward the tree but does not see any bird. She assumes the child is lying. What tendency is the mother most closely exhibiting? - Correct Answer ✅Fundamental attribution error (By assuming the child was lying, the mother OVERESTIMATED the child's personality and UNDERESTIMATED the situation) 3 components of attitude - Correct Answer ✅Affective - emotional component

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Behavioral - extent to which attitude makes us behave Cognitive - our personal thoughts and beliefs (stereotypes) Belief perseverance is a type of: - Correct Answer ✅Cognitive bias Later analyses revealed taht mothers in middle adulthood reported higher measures of family functioning that those in early or late adulthood. What could explain this? - Correct Answer ✅A mother's crystallized intelligence is more powerful determinant of family function ingredients than is her fluid intelligence Suppose that instead of studying the denaturation of DNA, the experimenter decided to measure the temperature at which denaturation of a DNA polymerase from this organism is complete. To do this the experimenter would most likely want to measure: - Correct Answer ✅The change in mass of DNA in the sample over time

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During meiosis II of spermatogenesis, nondisjunction of chromosome 4 occurs. The resultant gametes could contain: - Correct Answer ✅Two identical copies of chromosome 4 Two non-identical copies of chromosome 4 with maternal and paternal genetic material Adrenal medulla, schwann cells and melanocyte cells are derived from the neural crest (T or F) - Correct Answer ✅True The __________ will provide the best information on the effectiveness and possible side effects from the surgery. Because it includes patients from across the country, presumably it will find some in her condition. - Correct Answer ✅Longitudinal study Which of the following accurately describes the difference between alpha-D- glucose and beta-D-glucose? - Correct Answer ✅The hemiacetal carbons have opposite absolute configurations.

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When an acyl halide reacts with a primary alcohol, which of the following will form? - Correct Answer ✅An ester A conservationist would like to test the acidity of a sample of rainwater by titrating it with .05M NaOH. What additional information is needed to calculate the initial number of moles of H2CO3 in the sample? - Correct Answer ✅ONLY the volume of NaOH used to reach the endpoint Higher levels in a capillary is the result of ________ fluid density. - Correct Answer ✅lower On a globular protein, where are tyrosine and phenylalanine residues most likely to be found? - Correct Answer ✅Tyrosine and phenylalanine are both more likely to be found on the interior (Tyrosine is considered to have a NON-POLAR R-group) Out of glycine, valine, urea and water, which has the highest boiling point? - Correct Answer ✅Valine

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(Valine has a nitrogen and two oxygen atoms that are capable of H-bonding. It also forms a dipolar ion under appropriate circumstances and thus is capable of dipole-dipole bonding.) (T or F) Vitamin B12 deficiency would negatively affect DNA replication - Correct Answer ✅True (B12 deficiency prevents to formation of thymine, a base in DNA.) Stomach acid causes a loss of tertiary/quaternary/secondary structure which is most likely due to the disruption of ______. - Correct Answer ✅H-bonds How to determine the electron configuration of a radioactive isotope. - Correct Answer ✅It's the SAME as the periodic table form. Isotopes have different neutrons, NOT ELECTRONS What is needed to determine bond energy with bomb calorimetry? - Correct Answer ✅Mass and heat of reactants

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Temp of products Mass of calorimeter Specific heat of calorimeter Mass and specific heat of the water Heat of formation of products (T or F) Increasing CO2 inhalation decreases pH - Correct Answer ✅True (carbonic acid formation) One of the participants in the study had more than 4 drinks, She then narrated an incident o her newly made acquaintance, who realizes that the incident could not possibly have occurred. The inebriated participant is exhibiting a symptom commonly observed in patients suffering from: - Correct Answer ✅Korsakoff's syndrome (confabulation)

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A participant in the group that consumed 3 drinks believed that the encounter with his acquaintance was mutually pleasant. However, the acquaintance fond the meeting quite unpleasant. It's likely that the participant had which of the following impaired by alcohol? - Correct Answer ✅Working memory (Working memory is involved in reasoning and comprehension. A breakdown in working memory prevents the brain from properly precessing information which could lead one to reach incorrect conclusions.) A therapist uses the emotion-coaching technique to aid a depressed patient in improving emotional awareness. Which of the following perspectives best describes his therapist's treatment paradigm? - Correct Answer ✅Humanist An individual who identifies herself as being a moderate supporter of a political movement is presented with a number of articles, some of which provide views that support the movement and some of which describe dissenting views. Which of the following is the most likely result? - Correct Answer ✅The individual increases her support of the movement

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(The concept of BELIEF PERSEVERANCE dictates that, when presented with information of varying opinion, people are more likely to believe information that confirms their opinion and discount evidence which refutes it.) A receiver is connected to a family's television that records that family's viewing habits for use in determining ratings of tv programs. The family, aware that they are being studied, find themselves watching more educational programs than usual. this behavior is an example of: - Correct Answer ✅the Hawthorne effect (Hawthorne effect - individuals change their behavior because they are aware that they are being studied) The way to increase statistical significance is to: - Correct Answer ✅Increase the number of data points in the study Which of the following is NOT an example of an educational disparity caused by residential segregation? - Correct Answer ✅Lower grades due to poor nutrition

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(this has more to due with poverty than location) A therapeutic patient undergoes systematic desensitization treatment. The function of which of the following structures is most altered by the end of the treatment? - Correct Answer ✅The Amygdala (Systematic desensitization is the use of increasingly proximal stimuli to gradually reduce the FEAR response in an individual) Ornithologists discover a new species of bird with a low degree of sexual dimorphism. Which of the following behaviors would the researchers most expect to find exhibited by members of this species? - Correct Answer ✅Repetitive matings between monogamous pairs of birds (Sexual dimorphism refers to the degree to which males and females resemble each other. Species with low sexual dimorphism typically form pair bonds and mate for life.)

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A therapeutic patient suffering from depression is noted to have a pessimistic explanatory style. Which of the following would be most representative of a cognitive therapy for this particular patient? - Correct Answer ✅Helping the patient to understand that his negative experiences are not always his own fault (Cognitive therapy would seek to replace these pessimistic attributions with more positive ones.) A token economy would be a tool of a ______ therapist. - Correct Answer ✅behavioral Money is a facet of ________ culture. - Correct Answer ✅symbolic If the binding of glutamate _________ taste receptors, they would be LESS likely to reach threshold and produce and action potential. - Correct Answer ✅Hyperpolarized T or F: The body will increase secretion of erythropoietin after one day spent at very high altitude. - Correct Answer ✅True

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Most inactive enzymes have modifications of the __________ which is part of the tertiary structure. - Correct Answer ✅active site After an infection, such as by C. Difficle, the normal gut flora "re-colonize" the digestive tract. Those re-colonizing bacteria are most likely harbored by the _______. - Correct Answer ✅Cecum (Normal gut flora hang out in the cecum, the blind outpouching of the large intestine) Assuming classical Mendelian inheritance, how can one differentiate between a homozygous dominant indivudual and one who is heterozygous for the dominant trait? - Correct Answer ✅By crossing each with a homozygous recessive AND by crossing each with a known heterozygote Postreplication repair is used to repair double-strand breaks in DNA. At which point in the cell cycle would a DNA double-strand break, if left unrepared, affect both chromatids in a pair of sister chromatids? - Correct Answer ✅G

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(G1 is followed by S so the dbreak would be replicated) Some studies suggest that in patients with Alzheimers' disease there is a defect in the way the spindle apparatus attaches to the kinetochore fibers. At which stage of mitotic division would you expect to see this problem? - Correct Answer ✅Metaphase (The spindle apparatus interacts with the kinetochore fibers in order to align the chromosomes on the equatorial plate during metaphase) If a trait is said to possess positive selection, the frequency of the trait will _______ over time. - Correct Answer ✅increase The technique of __________ utilizes radioactive molecules to trace and identify cell structures and localize biochemical activity. - Correct Answer ✅autoradiography Which of the following best explains why, after several weeks of starvation, acetyl-CoA is used almost exclusively to produce ketone bodies? - Correct

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Answer ✅Gluconeogenesis depletes the supply of oxaloacetate, which is essential for the entry of acetly-CoA into the Krebs cycle Red blood cells DON'T undergo cellular respiration - Correct Answer ✅READ THE ENTIRE QUESTION CAREFULLY! This is where you can lose points Stenosis is a condition in which the leaves of a heart valve adhere to each other. A patient diagnosed with stenosis of the mitral valve would experience the greatest increase in blood pressure in his: - Correct Answer ✅Left atrium (T or F) The dorsal root ganglia are part of the CNS - Correct Answer ✅True (located in the spinal cord) A buildup of energy precursors as a result of mitochondrial inhibition will cause individual cells to swell due to ______. - Correct Answer ✅Edema The anode (AA pI) has a ________ charge. - Correct Answer ✅Positive

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(This means acidic AA's will migrate here) (T or F) The rate constant can influence the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction - Correct Answer ✅False (For a given temp, nothing will change k so it can have no influence on an enzyme-catalyzed reaction.) __________ refers to the likelihood that the gene pool of a small population will be significantly altered by random mutations. - Correct Answer ✅Genetic drift The final distribution of chromosomes into gametes is determined during _______. - Correct Answer ✅Meiosis II (The separation of these chromosome PAIRS during anaphase II clarifies this positioning.)

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Which of the following regions of the antibody bind to the antigen? - Correct Answer ✅Variable region of the light chain Variable region of the heavy chain PI3-Kinase is a typical messenger component in pathways initiated by a G- protein coupled receptors. Which signaling molecule not describes in the passage is activated by PI3-Kinase? - Correct Answer ✅Protein kinase C (Also activates protein kinase B) Children, especially at a young age, tend to learn through ________ which is accomplished from observation and interacting. - Correct Answer ✅Modeling At age 3-5 children would be in the __________ stage of Erikson's stages of identity development. - Correct Answer ✅initiative vs. guilt

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A child with brain damage was told a disheratening story, threatened by another child, and subjected to a loud noise; he exhibited no emotional displays. The child was able to express positive emotion in appropriate scenarios. Which area of the brain was likely damaged? - Correct Answer ✅Right prefrontal cortex (The right prefrontal cortex deals with processing and displaying negative emotions.) A 39-year-old woman is diagnosed with otosclerosis, an ear disorder in which excessive bony growth develops around the stapes. As a result of the otosclerosis, the woman has developed a mild to moderate hearing loss. Which part of the woman's ear has been affected? - Correct Answer ✅Middle (The middle ear is an air filled cavity that has the ossicles bones.) Upward social mobility involves an increase in POWER and STATUS. (An increase in money doesn't affect this) - Correct Answer ✅

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_________ is when an individual acts out of concern for others without regard to their own self-interest. ________ refers to the idea that an organism improves their own genetic success through altruistic social behavior. - Correct Answer ✅Altruism; Inclusive fitness theory Which of the following is an example of an individual using cultural capital to enhance their upward mobility? - Correct Answer ✅A 29 year old female who earns a business degree to further her career (Financial assets ARE NOT considered cultural capital. Cultural capital is any non-financial social asset that hepls improve and individual's position/status in society.) The __________ perspective centers round the idea that personality is something that can be learned through observation and social interaction. - Correct Answer ✅social cognitive Which of the following best explains why workplace-related mental health issues continue to rise? - Correct Answer ✅Due to the perception of the Monday-Friday work week as inviolable and too slow-moving institutional

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change, over-burdened individuals have disproportionately little downtime to compensate for rising workplace demands (The continuing rise in work-related mental health issues is best described by workers experiencing continually increasing demands in the workplace while not receiving proportional increases in something that would mitigate these elevated stress levels.) The KOF index is a well known measure of a country's amount of globalization relative to the other countries of the world. It is measured using three dimensions: economic, social and political. Which of the following conclusions can be drawn about countries knowing their KOF index score? - Correct Answer ✅Countries with a high KOF index tend to be more liberal economically, socially and politically (Because globalization centers on the exchange of ideas) Individuals experience more _______ if they believe that it was their choice to act in a deviant behavior (high-choice) as opposed to being coerced to act deviantly by an authority figure (low-choice). - Correct Answer ✅Cognitive dissonance

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The ______ perspective believes that individual personality can be broken into countless stable traits that are ubiquitous across all humans and cultures. Machiavellianism (ends justify the means), would be considered one of these traits, the tendency of an individual to justify questionable means with the end.) - Correct Answer ✅Trait (people can be classified as having separate autonomous traits) Those who claimed to feel pain brought about by heat from only the red sauce when, in reality, another sauce was significantly hotter, were displaying a behavior common to: - Correct Answer ✅Somatic symptom disorder (When an individual complains of a symptom that is not actually linked to a medical condition or substance they have encountered, the individual is displaying a symptom of somatic symptom disorder)