MCNP Fundamentals of Nursing Test 1 Practice Questions Questions and Correct Answers, Exams of Nursing

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The nursing staff is developing a quality program. Which of the following are nursing- sensitive indicators from the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI) that the nurses can use to measure patient safety and quality for the unit? (Select all that apply.)

1. Use of physical restraints
2. Pain assessment, intervention, and reassessment
3. Patient satisfaction with food preparation
4. Registered nurse (RN) education and certification
5. Number of outpatient surgical cases per year - Correct Answer1. Use of physical restraints
6. Pain assessment, intervention, and reassessment
7. Registered nurse (RN) education and certification
   1. A community nurse in a diverse community is working with health care professionals to provide prenatal care for underemployed and underinsured South African women. Which overall goal of Healthy People 2020 does this represent?
8. Assess the health care needs of individuals, families, or communities.
9. Develop and implement public health policies and improve access to care.
10. Gather information on incident rates of certain diseases and social problems.
11. Increase life expectancy and quality of life and to eliminate health disparities. - Correct Answer4. Increase life expectancy and quality of life and to eliminate health disparities
    1. A nurse researcher studies the effectiveness of a new program designed to educate parents to promote the immunization of children. The nurse divides the parents randomly into two groups. One group receives the typical educational program and the other group receives the new program. This is an example of which type of study?
12. Historical
13. Qualitative
14. Correlational
15. Experimental - Correct Answer4. Experimental
    1. The components of the nursing metaparadigm include:
16. Person, health, environment, and theory
17. Health, theory, concepts, and environment
18. Nurses, physicians, health, and patient needs
19. Person, health, environment, and nursing - Correct Answer4. Person, health, environment, and nursing

1. The nurse is aware that preschoolers often display a developmental characteristic that makes them treat dolls or stuffed animals as if they have thoughts and feelings. This is an example of:
2. Logical reasoning.
3. Egocentrism.
4. Concrete thinking.
5. Animism. - Correct Answer
6. A nurse who works on a pediatric unit asks, "I wonder if children who interact with therapy dogs have reduced anxiety when they are in the hospital." In this example of a PICOT question, which of the following is the O?
7. Children
8. Therapy dogs
9. The pediatric unit
10. Anxiety - Correct Answer4. Anxiety
11. An 18-month-old child is noted by the parents to be "angry" about any change in routine. This child's temperament is most likely to be described as:
12. Slow to warm up.
13. Difficult.
14. Hyperactive.
15. Easy. - Correct Answer
16. Theory is essential to nursing practice because it: (Select all that apply.)
17. Contributes to nursing knowledge.
18. Predicts patient behaviors in situations.
19. Provides a meCorrect Answerof assessing patient vital signs.
20. Guides nursing practice.
21. Formulates health care legislation.
22. Explains relationships between concepts. - Correct Answer1. Contributes to nursing knowledge.
23. Predicts patient behaviors in situations.
24. Guides nursing practice.
25. Explains relationships between concepts.
26. Using Healthy People 2020 as a guide, which of the following would improve delivery of care to a community? (Select all that apply.)
27. Community assessment
28. Implementation of public health policies
29. Home safety assessment
30. Increased access to care
31. Determining rates of specific illnesses - Correct Answer1. Community assessment
32. Implementation of public health policies
33. Increased access to care
34. Determining rates of specific illnesses

2. Which activity performed by a nurse is related to maintaining competency in nursing practice?
3. Asking another nurse about how to change the settings on a medication pump
4. Regularly attending unit staff meetings
5. Participating as a member of the professional nursing council
6. Attending a review course in preparation for a certification examination - Correct Answer4. Attending a review course in preparation for a certification examination
7. A nurse ensures that each patient's room is clean; well ventilated; and free from clutter, excessive noise, and extremes in temperature. Which theorist's work is the nurse practicing in this example?
8. Henderson
9. Orem
10. King
11. Nightingale - Correct Answer4. Nightingale
12. A nurse researcher wants to know which factors are associated with a person's decision to exercise. The nurse distributes a survey to people who recently joined an exercise wellness program and analyzes the data to determine which factors and characteristics are most significantly linked to the decision to start exercising. Which type of a research study is this?
13. Qualitative
14. Descriptive
15. Correlational
16. Randomized controlled trial - Correct Answer3. Correlational
17. A nursing student in the last semester of a baccalaureate nursing program is beginning the community health practicum and will be working in a clinic with a focus on asthma and allergies. What is the primary focus of the community health nurse in this clinic setting? (Select all that apply.)
18. Decrease the incidence of asthma attacks in the community
19. Increase patients' ability to self-manage their asthma
20. Treat acute asthma attack in the hospital
21. Provide asthma education programs for the teachers in the local schools
22. Provide scheduled immunizations to people who come to the clinic - Correct Answer1. Decrease the incidence of asthma attacks in the community
23. Increase patients' ability to self-manage their asthma
24. Provide asthma education programs for the teachers in the local schools
25. A patient tells a nurse that she is enrolled in a preferred provider organization (PPO) but does not understand what this is. What is the nurse's best explanation of a PPO?
26. This health plan is for people who cannot afford their own health insurance.
27. This health plan is operated by the government to provide health care to older adults.
28. This health plan gives you a list of physiciCorrect Answerand hospitals from which you can choose.

4. This is a fee-for-service plan in which you can choose any physician or hospital. - Correct Answer3. This health plan gives you a list of physiciCorrect Answerand hospitals from which you can choose.
   3. Nine-year-old Brian has a difficult time making friends at school and being chosen to play on the team. He also has trouble completing his homework and, as a result, receives little positive feedback from his parents or teacher. According to Erikson's theory, failure at this stage of development results in:
5. A sense of guilt.
6. A poor sense of self.
7. Feelings of inferiority.
8. Mistrust. - Correct Answer
   4. A group of nurses have identified that the elderly patients on their unit have a high incidence of pressure ulcers after they have a stroke. During a unit meeting they discuss different interventions that they think may reduce the development of pressure ulcers. What is the nurses' next step to investigate this clinical problem further?
9. Conduct a literature review
10. Share the findings with others
11. Conduct a statistical analysis
12. Create a well-defined PICOT question - Correct Answer
    4. Fill-in-the-Blank. Swanson's caring process of is demonstrated by a nurse helping a new mother through the birthing experience. - Correct AnswerEnabling
    5. The nurse caring for a Bosnian community identifies that the children are undervaccinated and the community is unaware of resources. The nurse assesses the community and determines that there is a health clinic within a 5-mile radius. The nurse meets with the community leaders and explains the need for immunizations, the location of the clinic, and the process of accessing health care resources. Which of the following practices is the nurse providing? (Select all that apply.)
13. Providing community resources for the children
14. Teaching the community about health promotion and illness prevention
15. Promoting autonomy in decision-making about health practices
16. Improving the health care of the community's children
17. Participating in professional development activities to maintain nursing competency - Correct Answer1. Providing community resources for the children
18. Teaching the community about health promotion and illness prevention
19. Improving the health care of the community's children
    4. The nurse is caring for a patient admitted to the neurological unit with the diagnosis of a stroke and right-sided weakness. The nurse assumes responsibility for bathing and feeding the patient until the patient is able to begin performing these activities. The nurse in this situation is applying the theory developed by:
20. Neuman.
21. Orem.

3. Roy.
4. Peplau. - Correct Answer2. Orem
   4. The nurse teaches parents how to have their children learn impulse control and cooperative behaviors. This would be during which of Erikson's stages of development?
5. Trust versus mistrust
6. Initiative versus guilt
7. Industry versus inferiority
8. Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt - Correct Answer
   4. Which of the following are examples of a nurse participating in primary care activities? (Select all that apply.)
9. Providing prenatal teaching on nutrition to a pregnant woman during the first trimester
10. Assessing the nutritional status of older adults who come to the community center for lunch
11. Working with patients in a cardiac rehabilitation program
12. Providing home wound care to a patient
13. Teaching a class to parents at the local grade school about the importance of immunizations - Correct Answer1. Providing prenatal teaching on nutrition to a pregnant woman during the first trimester
14. Assessing the nutritional status of older adults who come to the community center for lunch
15. Teaching a class to parents at the local grade school about the importance of immunizations
    5. Arrange the following steps of evidence-based practice (EBP) in the appropriate order.
16. Integrate the evidence.
17. Ask the burning clinical question.
18. Create a spirit of inquiry.
19. Evaluate the practice decision or change.
20. Share the results with others.
21. Critically evaluate the evidence you gather.
22. Collect the most relevant and best evidence. - Correct Answer3. Create a spirit of inquiry.
23. Ask the burning clinical question.
24. Collect the most relevant and best evidence.
25. Critically evaluate the evidence you gather.
26. Integrate the evidence.
27. Evaluate the practice decision or change.
28. Share the results with others.
    5. Match the following types of theory with the appropriate description.
29. Middle-range theory
30. Shared theory
31. Grand theory

4. Practice theory a. Very abstract; attempts to describe nursing in a global context b. Specific to a particular situation; brings theory to the bedside c. Applies theory from other disciplines to nursing practice d. Addresses a specific phenomenon and reflects practice - Correct Answer1. Middle- range theory d. Addresses a specific phenomenon and reflects practice
5. Shared theory c. Applies theory from other disciplines to nursing practice
6. Grand theory a. Very abstract; attempts to describe nursing in a global context
7. Practice theory b. Specific to a particular situation; brings theory to the bedside
   5. Nurses on a nursing unit are discussing the processes that led up to a near-miss error on the clinical unit. They are outlining strategies that will prevent this in the future. This is an example of nurses working on what issue in the health care system?
8. Patient safety
9. Evidence-based practice
10. Patient satisfaction
11. Maintenance of competency - Correct Answer1. Patient safety
    5. Vulnerable populations of patients are those who are more likely to develop health problems as a result of:
12. Chronic diseases, homelessness, and poverty
13. Poverty and limits in access to health care services
14. Lack of transportation, dependence on others for care, and homelessness
15. Excess risks, limits in access to health care services, and dependency on others for care - Correct Answer4. Excess risks, limits in access to health care services, and dependency on others for care
    5. When Ryan was 3 months old, he had a toy train; when his view of the train was blocked, he did not search for it. Now that he is 9 months old, he looks for it, reflecting the presence of:
16. Object permanence.
17. Sensorimotor play.
18. Schemata.
19. Magical thinking. - Correct Answer
    6. Match the following descriptions to the appropriate grand theorist.
20. King
21. Henderson
22. Orem
23. Neuman a. Based on the theory that focuses on wellness and prevention of disease

b. Based on the belief that people who participate in self-care activities are more likely to improve their health outcomes c. Based on 14 activities, the belief that the nurse should assist patients with meeting needs until they are able to do so independently d. Based on the belief that nurses should work with patients to develop goals for care - Correct Answer1. King d. Based on the belief that nurses should work with patients to develop goals for care

2. Henderson c. Based on 14 activities, the belief that the nurse should assist patients with meeting needs until they are able to do so independently
3. Orem b. Based on the belief that people who participate in self-care activities are more likely to improve their health outcomes
4. Neuman a. Based on the theory that focuses on wellness and prevention of disease
   6. When preparing a 4 - year-old child for a procedure, which method is developmentally most appropriate for the nurse to use?
5. Allowing the child to watch another child undergoing the same procedure
6. Showing the child pictures of what he or she will experience
7. Talking to the child in simple terms about what will happen
8. Preparing the child through play with a doll and toy medical equipment - Correct Answer
   6. When recruiting subjects to participate in a study about the effects of an educational program to help patients at home take their medications as ordered, the researcher tells the subjects that their names will not be used and no one but the research team will have access to their information and responses. This is an example of:
9. Bias.
10. Anonymity.
11. Confidentiality.
12. Informed consent. - Correct Answer3. Confidentiality.
    6. Which of the following are major public health problems commonly affecting older adults? (Select all that apply.)
13. Substance abuse
14. Confusional states
15. Financial limitations
16. Communicable diseases
17. Acute and chronic physical illnesses - Correct Answer1. Substance abuse
18. Confusional states
19. Financial limitations
20. Acute and chronic physical illnesses
    6. Which of the following statements is true regarding Magnet status recognition for a hospital?

1. Nursing is run by a Magnet manager who makes decisions for the nursing units.
2. Nurses in Magnet hospitals make all of the decisions on the clinical units.
3. Magnet is a term that is used to describe hospitals that are able to hire the nurses they need.
4. Magnet is a special designation for hospitals that achieve excellence in nursing practice. - Correct Answer4. Magnet is a special designation for hospitals that achieve excellence in nursing practice.
   7. A group of staff nurses notice an increased incidence of medication errors on their unit. After further investigation it is determined that the nurses are not consistently identifying the patient 29correctly. A change is needed quickly. What type of quality improvement method would be most appropriate?
5. PDSA
6. Six Sigma
7. Rapid-improvement event (RIE)
8. A randomized controlled trial - Correct Answer3. Rapid-improvement event (RIE)
   7. Match the following description to the appropriate middle-range theory.
9. Benner's Skill Acquisition
10. AACN's Synergy Model
11. Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness
12. Kolcaba's Theory of Comfort a. The nurse strives to relieve patients' distress. b. The nurse progresses through five stages of expertise. c. The nurse helps the patient to process and find meaning related to his or her illness. d. Matching nurse competencies to patient needs can improve patient outcomes. - Correct Answer1. Benner's Skill Acquisition b. The nurse progresses through five stages of expertise
13. AACN's Synergy Model d. Matching nurse competencies to patient needs can improve patient outcomes.
14. Mishel's Uncertainty in Illness c. The nurse helps the patient to process and find meaning related to his or her illness.
15. Kolcaba's Theory of Comfort a. The nurse strives to relieve patients' distress.
    7. Some nurses are collecting data to determine how many adolescents attempt suicide in a community. This is an example of what type of community assessment data? - Correct AnswerIncident Rates
    8. Which of the following are examples of the conventional reasoning form of cognitive development? (Select all that apply.)
16. A 35-year-old woman is speaking with you about her recent diagnosis of a chronic illness. She is concerned about her treatment options in relation to her ability to continue to care for her family. As she considers the options and alternatives, she incorporates information, her values, and emotions to decide which plan will be the best fit for her.

2. A young father is considering whether or not to return to school for a graduate degree. He considers the impact the time commitment may have on the needs of his wife and infant son.
3. A teenage girl is encouraged by her peers to engage in shoplifting. She decides not to join her peers in this activity because she is afraid of getting caught in the act.
4. A single mother of two children is unhappy with her employer. She has been unable to secure alternate employment but decides to quit her current job. - Correct Answer1, 2
   8. Many older homes in a neighborhood are undergoing a lot of restoration. Lead paint was used. The community clinic in the neighborhood is initiating a lead screening program. This activity is based on which social determinant of health? - Correct AnswerPhysical Environment
   9. The nurses on a medical unit have seen an increase in the number of medication errors on their unit. They decide to evaluate the medication administration process on the basis of data gained from chart reviews and direct observation of nurses administering medications. Which process are the nurses using?
5. Evidence-based practice
6. Research
7. Quality improvement
8. Problem identification - Correct Answer3. Quality improvement
   8. Which of the following are characteristics of managed care systems? (Select all that apply.)
9. Provider receives a predetermined payment for each patient in the program.
10. Payment is based on a set fee for each service provided.
11. System includes a voluntary prescription drug program for an additional cost.
12. System tries to reduce costs while keeping patients healthy.
13. Focus of care is on prevention and early intervention. - Correct Answer1. Provider receives a predetermined payment for each patient in the program.
14. System tries to reduce costs while keeping patients healthy.
15. Focus of care is on prevention and early intervention.
    8. Which of the following statements related to theory-based nursing practice are correct? (Select all that apply.)
16. Nursing theory differentiates nursing from other disciplines.
17. Nursing theories are standardized and do not change over time.
18. Integrating theory into practice promotes coordinated care delivery.
19. Nursing knowledge is generated by theory.
20. The theory of nursing process is used in planning patient care.
21. Evidence-based practice results from theory-testing research. - Correct Answer1. Nursing theory differentiates nursing from other disciplines.
22. Integrating theory into practice promotes coordinated care delivery.
23. Nursing knowledge is generated by theory.
24. Evidence-based practice results from theory-testing research.

8. You are caring for a recently retired man who appears withdrawn and says he is "bored with life." Applying the work of Havinghurst, you would help this individual find meaning in life by:
9. Encouraging him to explore new roles.
10. Encouraging relocation to a new city.
11. Explaining the need to simplify life.
12. Encouraging him to adopt a new pet. - Correct Answer
13. A nurse is caring for a patient who recently lost a leg in a motor vehicle accident. The nurse best assists the patient to cope with this situation by applying which of the following theories?
14. Roy
15. Levine
16. Watson
17. Johnson - Correct Answer1. Roy
18. Following a community assessment that focused on adolescent health behaviors, a nurse determines that a large number of adolescents smoke and designs a smoking cessation program at the youth community center. This is an example of which nursing role:
19. Educator
20. Counselor
21. Collaborator
22. Case manager - Correct Answer2. Counselor
23. Place the following stages of Freud's psychosexual development in the proper order by age progression.
24. Oedipal
25. Latency
26. Oral
27. Genital
28. Anal - Correct Answer3, 5, 2, 1, 4
29. Which of the following nursing activities is provided in a secondary health care environment?
30. Conducting blood pressure screenings for older adults at the Senior Center
31. Teaching a clinic patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease purse-lipped breathing techniques
32. Changing the postoperative dressing for a patient on a medical-surgical unit
33. Doing endotracheal suctioning for a patient on a ventilator in the medical intensive care unit - Correct Answer3. Changing the postoperative dressing for a patient on a medical-surgical unit
34. Doing endotracheal suctioning for a patient on a ventilator in the medical intensive care unit

10. A nurse in a community health clinic noticed an increase in the number of positive tuberculosis (TB) skin tests from students in a local high school during the most recent academic year. After comparing these numbers to the previous years, 10% increase in positive tests was found. The nurse contacts the school nurse and the director of the health department. Together they begin to expand their assessment to all students and employees of the school district. The community nurse was acting in which nursing role(s)? (Select all that apply.)
11. Epidemiologist
12. Counselor
13. Collaborator
14. Case manager
15. Caregiver - Correct Answer1. Epidemiologist
16. Collaborator
17. A nurse is using the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) strategy to do a quality improvement project to decrease patient falls on a nursing unit. Place the steps in the correct sequence for PDSA.
18. Bedside change of shift report is piloted on two medical-surgical units.
19. Patient satisfaction levels after implementation of the bedside report are compared to patient satisfaction levels before the change.
20. The nursing council develops a strategy for bedside change of shift report.
21. After modifications are made in the shift report elements, bedside shift report is implemented on all nursing units. - Correct Answer3. The nursing council develops a strategy for bedside change of shift report.
22. Bedside change of shift report is piloted on two medical-surgical units.
23. Patient satisfaction levels after implementation of the bedside report are compared to patient satisfaction levels before the change.
24. After modifications are made in the shift report elements, bedside shift report is implemented on all nursing units.
25. According to Piaget's cognitive theory, a 12-year-old child is most likely to engage in which of the following activities?
26. Using building blocks to determine how houses are constructed
27. Writing a story about a clown who wants to leave the circus
28. Drawing pictures of a family using stick figures
29. Writing an essay about patriotism - Correct Answer
30. Using Maslow's hierarchy of needs, identify the priority for a patient who is experiencing chest pain and difficulty breathing.
31. Self-actualization
32. Air, water, and nutrition
33. Safety
34. Esteem and self-esteem needs - Correct Answer2. Air, water, and nutrition

11. A nursing student is giving a presentation to a group of other nursing students about the needs of patients with mental illnesses in the community. The nursing professor needs to clarify the student's presentation when the student states:
12. "Many patients with mental illness do not have a permanent home."
13. "Unemployment is a common problem experienced by people with a mental illness."
14. "The majority of patients with mental illnesses live in long-term care settings."
15. "Patients with mental illnesses are often at a higher risk for abuse and assault." - Correct Answer3. "The majority of patients with mental illnesses live in long-term care settings."
16. Allison, age 15 years, calls her best friend Laura and is crying. She has a date with John, someone she has been hoping to date for months, but now she has a pimple on her forehead. Laura firmly believes that John and everyone else will notice the blemish right away. This is an example of the:
17. Imaginary audience.
18. False-belief syndrome.
19. Personal fable.
20. Personal absorption syndrome. - Correct Answer
21. Which of the following categories of shared theories would be most appropriate for a patient who is grieving the loss of a spouse?
22. Biomedical
23. Leadership
24. Psychosocial
25. Developmental - Correct Answer3. Psychosocial
26. A nurse is providing restorative care to a patient following an extended hospitalization for an acute illness. Which of the following is an appropriate goal for restorative care?
27. Patient will be able to walk 200 feet without shortness of breath.
28. Wound will heal without signs of infection.
29. Patient will express concerns related to return to home.
30. Patient will identify strategies to improve sleep habits. - Correct Answer1. Patient will be able to walk 200 feet without shortness of breath.
31. Elizabeth, who is having unprotected sex with her boyfriend, comments to her friends, "Did you hear about Kathy? You know, she fools around so much; I heard she was pregnant. That would never happen to me!" This is an example of adolescent:
32. Imaginary audience.
33. False-belief syndrome.
34. Personal fable.
35. Sense of invulnerability. - Correct Answer
36. How does knowledge of genomics affect patient treatment decisions? - Correct AnswerGenomics describes the study of all the genes in a person, as well as interactions of those genes with each other and with that person's environment.

Genomic information allows health care providers to determine how genomic changes contribute to patient conditions and influence treatment decisions.

12. The nurse in a new community-based clinic is requested to complete a community assessment. Order the steps for completing this assessment.
13. Structure or locale
14. Social systems
15. Population - Correct Answer1. Structure or locale
16. Population
17. Social systems
18. While working in a rehabilitation facility, it is important to obtain nursing histories and develop a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. List in correct order the phases of Peplau's theory as applied in this setting. The nurse:
19. Ensures that the patient has access to appropriate community resources for long- term care.
20. Collaborates with the patient to identify specific patient needs.
21. Collects essential information from the patient's health record.
22. Works with the patient to develop a plan for resolving patient issues. - Correct Answer3. Collects essential information from the patient's health record.
23. Collaborates with the patient to identify specific patient needs
24. Works with the patient to develop a plan for resolving patient issues.
25. Ensures that the patient has access to appropriate community resources for long- term care.
26. A nurse is presenting information to a management class of nursing students on the topic of financial reimbursement for achievement of established, measurable patient outcomes. The nurse is presenting information to the class on which topic?
27. Prospective payment system
28. Pay for performance
29. Capitation payment system
30. Managed care systems - Correct Answer2. Pay for performance
31. Nurses have developed theories in response to: (Select all that apply.)
32. Changes in health care.
33. Prior nursing theories.
34. Changes in nursing practice.
35. Research findings.
36. Government regulations.
37. Theories from other disciplines.
38. Physician opinions. - Correct Answer1. Changes in health care.
39. Prior nursing theories.
40. Changes in nursing practice.
41. Research findings.
42. Theories from other disciplines.

13. On the basis of an assessment, the nurse identifies an increase in the immigrant population group in the community. How would the nurse determine the health needs of this population? (Select all that apply.)
14. Identify what the immigrant population views as the two most important health needs.
15. Apply information from Healthy People 2020.
16. Determine how the population uses available health care resources.
17. Determine which health care agencies will accept immigrant populations.
18. Identify perceived barriers for health care. - Correct Answer1. Identify what the immigrant population views as the two most important health needs.
19. Apply information from Healthy People 2020.
20. Determine how the population uses available health care resources.
21. Identify perceived barriers for health care.
22. Which of the following activities are examples of the use of activity theory in older adults? (Select all that apply.)
23. Teaching an older adult how to use e-mail to communicate with a grandchild who lives in another state
24. Introducing golf as a new hobby
25. Leading a group walk of older adults each morning
26. Engaging an older adult in a community project with a short-term goal
27. Directing a community play at the local theater - Correct Answer1, 2, 4
28. A nurse is using data collected from the unit to monitor the incidence of falls after the unit implemented a new fall protocol. The nurse is working in which area?
29. Quality improvement (QI)
30. Health care patient system
31. Nursing informatics
32. Computerized nursing network - Correct Answer1. Quality improvement (QI)
33. A patient is worried about her 76-year-old grandmother who is in very good health and wants to live at home. The patient's concerns are related to her grandmother's safety. The neighborhood does not have a lot of crime. Using this scenario, which of the following are the most relevant to assess for safety?
34. Crime rate, locks, lighting, neighborhood traffic
35. Lighting, locks, clutter, medications
36. Crime rate, medications, support system, clutter
37. Locks, lighting, neighborhood traffic, crime rate - Correct Answer2. Lighting, locks, clutter, medications
38. Dave reports being happy and satisfied with his life. What do we know about him?
39. He is in one of the later developmental periods, concerned with reviewing his life.
40. He is atypical, since most people in any of the developmental stages report significant dissatisfaction with their lives.
41. He is in one of the earlier developmental periods, concerned with establishing a career and satisfying long-term relationships.

4. It is difficult to determine Dave's developmental stage since most people report overall satisfaction with their lives in all stages. - Correct Answer
   14. Which of the following types of theory influence the "evidence" in current "evidence- based practice (EBP)"?
5. Grand theory
6. Middle-range theory
7. Practice theory
8. Shared theory - Correct Answer2. Middle-range theory
   15. A nurse is preparing to begin intravenous fluid therapy for a patient. Which category of theory would be most helpful to the nurse at this time?
9. Grand theory
10. Middle-range theory
11. Practice theory
12. Shared theory - Correct Answer3. Practice theory
    15. The nurses on a medical unit have seen an increase in the number of pressure ulcers that develop in their patients. They decide to initiate a quality improvement project using the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) model. Which of the following is an example of "Do" from that model?
13. Implementing the new skin care protocol on all medicine units
14. Reviewing the data collected on patients cared for using the protocol
15. Reviewing the quality improvement reports on the six patients who developed ulcers over the last 3 months
16. Based on findings from patients who developed ulcers, implementing an evidence- based skin care protocol - Correct Answer4. Based on findings from patients who developed ulcers, implementing an evidence-based skin care protocol
    15. The public health nurse is working with the county health department on a task force to fully integrate the goals of Healthy People 2020. In the immigrant community most of the population does not have a primary care provider, nor do they participate in health promotion activities; the unemployment rate in the community is 25%. How does the nurse determine which goals need to be included or updated? (Select all that apply.)
17. Assess the health care resources within the community.
18. Assess the existing health care programs offered by the county health department.
19. Compare existing resources and programs with Healthy People 2020 goals.
20. Initiate new programs to meet Healthy People 2020 goals.
21. Implement educational sessions in the schools to focus on nutritional needs of the children. - Correct Answer1. Assess the health care resources within the community.
22. Assess the existing health care programs offered by the county health department.
23. Compare existing resources and programs with Healthy People 2020 goals.
    15. You are working in a clinic that provides services for homeless people. The current local regulations prohibit providing a service that you believe is needed by your patients. You adhere to the regulations but at the same time are involved in influencing

moral development. - Correct AnswerSocial contract orientation A community center is presenting a nurse-led program on the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. Which statement made by a participant indicates a need for further teaching?

1. "My small company will now have to offer the 75 employees health insurance or pay a penalty."
2. "As long as my son is a full-time student in college, I will be able to keep him on my health insurance until he is 26 years old."
3. "I signed up for the state health insurance exchange before the designated deadline to make sure I had health insurance."
4. "Since I have now been diagnosed with diabetes, my health insurance plan cannot charge me higher premiums." - Correct Answer2. "As long as my son is a full-time student in college, I will be able to keep him on my health insurance until he is 26 years old." A community nurse in a diverse community is working with health care professionals to provide prenatal care for underemployed and underinsured South African women. Which overall goal of Healthy People 2020 does this represent?
5. Assess the health care needs of individuals, families, or communities.
6. Develop and implement public health policies and improve access to care. 39
7. Gather information on incident rates of certain diseases and social problems.
8. Increase life expectancy and quality of life and to eliminate health disparities. - Correct Answer A critical care nurse is using a computerized decision support system to correctly position her ventilated patients to reduce pneumonia caused by accumulated respiratory secretions. This is an example of which Quality and Safety in the Education of Nurses (QSEN) competency?
9. Patient-centered care
10. Safety
11. Teamwork and collaboration
12. Informatics - Correct Answer4. Informatics A group of nurses on the research council of a local hospital are measuring nursing- sensitive outcomes. Which of the following is a nursing-sensitive outcome that the nurses need to consider measuring? (Select all that apply.) 64
13. Frequency of low blood sugar episodes in children at a local school
14. Number of patients who develop a urinary tract infection from a Foley catheter
15. Number of patients who fall and experience subsequent injury on the evening shift
16. Number of sexually active adolescent girls who attend the community-based clinic for birth control authorities to change the regulation. This action represents stage of

5. Patient-reported quality of life following coronary artery bypass graft surgery and cardiac rehabilitation - Correct Answer2. Number of patients who develop a urinary tract infection from a Foley catheter
6. Number of patients who fall and experience subsequent injury on the evening shift A hospice nurse sits at the bedside of a male patient in the final stages of cancer. He and his parents made the decision that he would move home and they would help him in the final stages of his disease. The family participates in his care, but lately the nurse has increased the amount of time she spends with the family. Whenever she enters the room or approaches the patient to give care, she touches his shoulder and tells him that she is present. This is an example of what type of touch?
7. Caring touch
8. Protective touch
9. Task-oriented touch
10. Interpersonal touch - Correct Answer1. Caring touch A husband and wife, ages 30 and 33, actively engage in planning for the arrival of their first child. According to Erikson's theory, the husband and wife are mastering which stage of personality development? a. integrity vs despair b. identity vs role confusion c. generativity vs stagnation d. trust vs mistrust - Correct Answerc A man hears at work that there will be layoffs at his company. Later that day, he discusses buying a new car with his wife. Which of the following illustrates the defense mechanism? a. denial b. projection c. rationalization d. displacement - Correct Answera A Muslim woman enters the clinic to have a woman's health examination for the first time. Which nursing behavior applies Swanson's caring process of "knowing the patient?"
11. Sharing feelings about the importance of having regular woman's health examinations
12. Gaining an understanding of what a woman's health examination meCorrect Answerto the patient
13. Recognizing that the patient is modest; and obtaining gender-congruent caregiver
14. Explaining the risk factors for cervical cancer - Correct Answer2. Gaining an understanding of what a woman's health examination meCorrect Answerto the patient A nurse demonstrated caring by helping family members to: (Select all that apply.)
15. Become active participants in care.
16. Remove themselves from personal care.

3. Make health care decisions for the patient.
4. Have uninterrupted time for family and patient to be together.
5. Have opportunities for the family to discuss their concerns. - Correct Answer1. Become active participants in care.
6. Have uninterrupted time for family and patient to be together.
7. Have opportunities for the family to discuss their concerns. A nurse enters a patient's room, arranges the supplies for a Foley catheter insertion, and explains the procedure to the patient. She tells the patient what to expect; just before inserting the catheter, she tells the patient to relax and that, once the catheter is in place, she will not feel the bladder pressure. The nurse then proceeds to skillfully insert the Foley catheter. This is an example of what type of touch?
8. Caring touch
9. Protective touch
10. Task-oriented touch
11. Interpersonal touch - Correct Answer3. Task-oriented touch A nurse hears a colleague tell a nursing student that she never touches a patient unless she is performing a procedure or doing an assessment. The nurse tells the student that from a caring perspective:
12. She does not touch the patients either.
13. Touch is a type of verbal communication.
14. Touch is only used when a patient is in pain.
15. Touch forms a connection between nurse and patient. - Correct Answer4. Touch forms a connection between nurse and patient. A nurse in a community health clinic noticed an increase in the number of positive tuberculosis (TB) skin tests from students in a local high school during the most recent academic year. After comparing these numbers to the previous years, 10% increase in positive tests was found. The nurse contacts the school nurse and the director of the health department. Together they begin to expand their assessment to all students and employees of the school district. The community nurse was acting in which nursing role(s)? (Select all that apply.)
16. Epidemiologist
17. Counselor
18. Collaborator
19. Case manager
20. Caregiver - Correct Answer1, 3 A nurse is caring for a patient with end-stage lung disease. The patient wants to go home on oxygen and be comfortable. The family wants the patient to have a new surgical procedure. The nurse explains the risk and benefits of the surgery to the family and discusses the patient's wishes with them. The nurse is acting as the patient's:
21. Educator.
22. Advocate.
23. Caregiver.

4. Case manager. - Correct Answer2. Advocate A nurse is caring for an older adult who needs to enter an assisted-living facility following discharge from the hospital. Which of the following is an example of listening that displays caring?
5. The nurse encourages the patient to talk about his concerns while reviewing the computer screen in the room.
6. The nurse sits at the patient's bedside, listens as he relays his fear of never seeing his home again, and then asks if he wants anything to eat.
7. The nurse listens to the patient's story while sitting on the side of the bed and then summarizes the story.
8. The nurse listens to the patient talk about his fears of not returning home and then tells him to think positively. - Correct Answer3. The nurse listens to the patient's story while sitting on the side of the bed and then summarizes the story. A nurse is conducting a home visit with an older-adult couple. While in the home the nurse weighs each individual and reviews the 3-day food diary with them. She also checks their blood pressure and encourages them to increase their fluids and activity levels to help with their voiced concern about constipation. The nurse is addressing which level of need according to Maslow?
9. Physiological
10. Safety and security
11. Love and belonging
12. Self-actualization - Correct Answer A nurse is reading a research article. The nurse just finished reading a brief summary of the research study that included the purpose of the study and its implications for nursing practice. Which part of the article did the nurse just read?
13. Abstract
14. Analysis
15. Discussion
16. Literature review - Correct Answer1. Abstract A nurse meets with the registered dietitian and physical therapist to develop a plan of care that focuses on improving nutrition and mobility for a patient. This is an example of which Quality and Safety in the Education of Nurses (QSEN) competency?
17. Patient-centered care
18. Safety
19. Teamwork and collaboration
20. Informatics - Correct Answer3. Teamwork and collaboration A nurse researcher is collecting data following approval from the institutional review board (IRB). In which part of the research process is this nurse?
21. Analyzing the data
22. Designing the study
23. Conducting the study

4. Identifying the problem - Correct Answer3. Conducting the study A nurse researcher wants to conduct historical research. Which of the following ideas for a study could the nurses conduct? (Select all that apply.)
5. Determining the effect of unemployment on emergency room usage
6. Understanding how Clara Barton shaped nursing in America
7. Evaluating the effect of the Vietnam War on nursing leadership and practice
8. Analyzing the evolution of nursing and patient care during recent disasters
9. Investigating barriers to exercise in women who have become mothers in the past year - Correct Answer2. Understanding how Clara Barton shaped nursing in America
10. Evaluating the effect of the Vietnam War on nursing leadership and practice
11. Analyzing the evolution of nursing and patient care during recent disasters A nursing student in the last semester of a baccalaureate nursing program is beginning the community health practicum and will be working in a clinic with a focus on asthma and allergies. What is the primary focus of the community health nurse in this clinic setting? (Select all that apply.)
12. Decrease the incidence of asthma attacks in the community
13. Increase patients' ability to self-manage their asthma
14. Treat acute asthma attack in the hospital
15. Provide asthma education programs for the teachers in the local schools
16. Provide scheduled immunizations to people who come to the clinic - Correct Answer1, 2, 4 A nursing student is giving a presentation to a group of other nursing students about the needs of patients with mental illnesses in the community. The nursing professor needs to clarify the student's presentation when the student states:
17. "Many patients with mental illness do not have a permanent home."
18. "Unemployment is a common problem experienced by people with a mental illness."
19. "The majority of patients with mental illnesses live in long-term care settings."
20. "Patients with mental illnesses are often at a higher risk for abuse and assault." - Correct Answer A nursing student is preparing to read the methods section of a research article. Which type of information will the student expect to find in this section? (Select all that apply.)
21. How the researcher conducted the study
22. A description about how to use the findings of the study
23. The number and type of subjects who participated in the study
24. Summaries of other research articles that support the need for this study
25. Implications for future research studies - Correct Answer1. How the researcher conducted the study
26. The number and type of subjects who participated in the study A patient comes to the local health clinic and states, "I've noticed how many people are out walking in my neighborhood. Is walking good for you?" Which is the best response to help the patient through the stages of change for exercise?

1 "Walking is okay, but I really think running is better because it burns more calories." 2 "Yes, walking is great exercise. Do you think you could go for a 5-minute walk next week?" 3 "Yes, I want you to begin walking. Walk for 30 minutes every day and eat more fruits and vegetables." 4 "They probably aren't walking fast enough or far enough. You need to spend at least 45 minutes if you are going to do any good." - Correct Answer2 The patient's response indicates that the patient is in the contemplative state, possibly intending to make a behavior change within the next 6 months. The nurse's statement reinforces the behavior and provides a specific goal for the patient to begin a walking plan. A patient in the emergency department has developed wheezing and shortness of breath. The nurse gives the ordered medicated nebulizer treatment now and in 4 hours. Which standard of practice is performed?

1. Planning
2. Evaluation
3. Assessment
4. Implementation - Correct Answer4. Implementation A patient is affected with paraplegia following an automobile accident. Arrange the behavioral changes seen in the patient due to the changed body image, starting with the first change to the last.
5. Acknowledgement
6. Shock
7. Withdrawal
8. Rehabilitation
9. Acceptance - Correct Answer1, 2, 3, 5, 4 A patient is fearful of upcoming surgery and a possible cancer diagnosis. He discusses his love for the Bible with his nurse, who recommends a favorite Bible verse. Another nurse tells the patient's nurse that there is no place in nursing for spiritual caring. The patient's nurse replies:
10. "You're correct; spiritual care should be left to a pastoral care professional."
11. "You're correct; religion is a personal decision."
12. "Nurses should explain their own religious beliefs to patients."
13. "Spiritual, mind, and body connections can affect health." - Correct Answer4. "Spiritual, mind, and body connections can affect health." A patient is worried about her 76 - year-old grandmother who is in very good health and wants to live at home. The patient's concerns are related to her grandmother's safety. The neighborhood does not have a lot of crime. Using this scenario, which of the following are the most relevant to assess for safety?

1. Crime rate, locks, lighting, neighborhood traffic
2. Lighting, locks, clutter, medications
3. Crime rate, medications, support system, clutter
4. Locks, lighting, neighborhood traffic, crime rate - Correct Answer2 A patient wishes to join a relaxation therapy class after going through a period of prolonged stress due to a recent divorce. Initially the patient was reluctant to join the class, but after repeated sessions of counselling, the patient agreed. Arrange the stages of change that the patient experienced in the correct order.
5. Action
6. Preparation
7. Precontemplation
8. Contemplation - Correct Answer3, 4, 2, 1 A researcher is studying the effectiveness of an individualized evidence-based teaching plan on young women's intention to wear sunscreen to prevent skin cancer. In this study which of the following research terms best describes the individualized evidence-based teaching plan?
9. Sample
10. Intervention
11. Survey
12. Results - Correct Answer2. Intervention According to the World Health Organization (WHO), what is the definition of health? 1 Being free from illness or injury 2 Complete physical, mental, and social well-being 3 Absence of symptoms and signs with normal lab reports 4 Total absence of all diseases, disorders, and syndromes - Correct Answer 2 The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a "state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." Health is not only the state of being free from illness or injury or the absence of signs and symptoms. Health does not refer to the state of total absence of all diseases, disorders, and syndromes but also includes components of mental health and spiritual health. An 18-year-old woman is in the emergency department with fever and cough. The nurse obtains her vital signs, listens to her lung and heart sounds, determines her level of comfort, and collects blood and sputum samples for analysis. Which standard of practice is performed?
13. Diagnosis
14. Evaluation
15. Assessment
16. Implementation - Correct Answer3. Assessment An example of a nurse caring behavior that families of acutely ill patients perceive as important to patients' well-being is:
17. Making health care decisions for patients.

2. Having family members provide a patient's total personal hygiene.
3. Injecting the nurse's perceptions about the level of care provided.
4. Asking permission before performing a procedure on a patient. - Correct Answer4. Asking permission before performing a procedure on a patient. Based on the transtheoretical model of change, which is the most appropriate response to a patient who states, "Me, exercise? I haven't done that since junior high gym class, and I hated it then!" 1 "That's fine. I don't exercise either because I hate it, too, and I don't think it's helpful." 2 "OI want you to walk 3 miles four times a week, and I'll see you in 1 month." 3 "I understand. Can you think of one reason why being more active would be helpful for you?" 4 "I'd like you to ride your bike three times this week and eat at least four fruits and vegetables every day." - Correct Answer3 The patient's response indicates that the patient is in the precontemplation stage and does not intend to change behavior in the next 6 months. In this stage the patient is not interested in information about the behavior and may be defensive when confronted with it. Asking an open-ended question may stimulate the patient to identify a reason to change behavior. Nurses are challenged to motivate and facilitate change in health behavior when working with individuals. STUDY TIP: In education, asking a question to stimulate students to think, instead of being didactic and telling them what they are not ready to hear is part of the Socratic approach. Consider this approach whenever you realize that a patient is in the precontemplation stage. Contemporary nursing requires that the nurse has knowledge and skills for a variety of professional roles and responsibilities. Which of the following are examples? (Select all that apply.)
5. Caregiver
6. Autonomy and accountability
7. Patient advocate
8. Health promotion
9. Lobbyist - Correct Answer1. Caregiver
10. Autonomy and accountability
11. Patient advocate
12. Health promotion Following a community assessment that focused on adolescent health behaviors, a nurse determines that a large number of adolescents smoke and designs a smoking cessation program at the youth community center. This is an example of which nursing role:
13. Educator
14. Counselor

3. Collaborator
4. Case manager - Correct Answer2 Health care reform will bring changes in the emphasis of care. Which of the following models is expected from health care reform? 12
5. Moving from an acute illness to a health promotion, illness prevention model
6. Moving from an illness prevention to a health promotion model
7. Moving from an acute illness to a disease management model
8. Moving from a chronic care to an illness prevention model - Correct Answer1. Moving from an acute illness to a health promotion, illness prevention model Listening is not only "taking in" what a patient says, but it also includes:
9. Incorporating the views of the physician.
10. Correcting any errors in the patient's understanding.
11. Injecting the nurse's personal views and statements.
12. Interpreting and understanding what the patient means. - Correct Answer4. Interpreting and understanding what the patient means. Many older homes in a neighborhood are undergoing a lot of restoration. Lead paint was used. The community clinic in the neighborhood is initiating a lead screening program. This activity is based on which social determinant of health? - Correct AnswerPhysical environment Match the advanced practice nurse specialty with the statement about the role.
13. Clinical nurse specialist
14. Nurse anesthetist
15. Nurse practitioner
16. Nurse-midwife a. Provides independent care, including pregnancy and gynecological services b. Expert clinician in a specialized area of practice such as adult diabetes care c. Provides comprehensive care, usually in a primary care setting, directly managing the medical care of patients who are healthy or have chronic conditions d. Provides care and services under the supervision of an anesthesiologist - Correct Answer1. Clinical nurse specialist b. Expert clinician in a specialized area of practice such as adult diabetes care
17. Nurse anesthetist d. Provides care and services under the supervision of an anesthesiologist
18. Nurse practitioner c. Provides comprehensive care, usually in a primary care setting, directly managing the medical care of patients who are healthy or have chronic conditions
19. Nurse-midwife a. Provides independent care, including pregnancy and gynecological services Match the following caring behaviors with their definitions.
20. Knowingterm- 74

2. Being with
3. Doing for
4. Maintaining belief a. Sustaining faith in one's capacity to get through a situation b. Striving to understand an event as meaning for another person c. Being emotionally there for another person d. Providing for another as he or she would do for themselves - Correct Answer1. Knowingterm- 74 b. Striving to understand an event as meaning for another person
5. Being with c. Being emotionally there for another person
6. Doing for d. Providing for another as he or she would do for themselves
7. Maintaining belief a. Sustaining faith in one's capacity to get through a situation Nurses in an acute care hospital are attending a unit-based education program to learn how to use a new pressure-relieving device for patients at risk for pressure ulcers. This is which type of education?
8. Continuing education
9. Graduate education
10. In-service education
11. Professional Registered Nurse Education - Correct Answer3. In-service education Of the five caring processes described by Swanson, which describes "knowing the patient?"
12. Anticipating the patient's cultural preferences
13. Determining the patient's physician preference
14. Establishing an understanding of a specific patient
15. Gathering task-oriented information during assessment - Correct Answer3. Establishing an understanding of a specific patient On the basis of an assessment, the nurse identifies an increase in the immigrant population group in the community. How would the nurse determine the health needs of this population? (Select all that apply.)
16. Identify what the immigrant population views as the two most important health needs.
17. Apply information from Healthy People 2020.
18. Determine how the population uses available health care resources.
19. Determine which health care agencies will accept immigrant populations.
20. Identify perceived barriers for health care. - Correct Answer1, 2, 3, 5 Presence involves a person-to-person encounter that:
21. Enables patients to care for self.
22. Provides personal care to a patient.
23. Conveys a closeness and a sense of caring.