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MCPHS Anatomy & Physiology Exam 2
2025 Questions With Correct Answers.
The primary mineral in bone is: - <<>>Calcium rickets is - <<>>A disease in children characterized by soft, bowed, and swollen bones. Which of the following is the cell responsible for maintaining bone once it has been formed? - <<>>osteocyte The connective tissue structure that encloses a synovial joint cavity is the - <<>>joint capsule Select the types of circular movements allowed at synovial joints - <<>>pronation, rotation, circumduction A movement that raises a body part superiorly is called - <<>>elevation The type of movements that occur between flat surfaces sliding over each other are movements. - <<>>gliding
Identify the movements at the hip that would be involved when stepping to the side at a 45 degree angle - <<>>flexion and abduction The type of movements where one linear part of the body bends relative to another part would be movements. - <<>>angular Movements involving moving around an axis or in an arc would be classified as movements. - <<>>circular Which joint in the body allows protraction and retraction as well as lateral and medial excursion? - <<>>Temporomandibular Normal activities usually involve movements. - <<>>combination Flexion and pronation are two movements allowed at the joint. - <<>>elbow What type of joint is the ankle joint? - <<>>modified hinge
A form of arthritis typically resulting from normal wear-and- tear on a joint is - <<>>osteoarthritis The term describing chronic pain and inflammation of a joint is - <<>>arthritis turning of a structure around its long axis - <<>>rotation bending the neck so the head can move forward or anterior is an example of - <<>>flexion Turning the ankle so that the plantar surface faces laterally is - <<>>eversion which joint is biaxial? - <<>>condylar which is an example of excursion - <<>>side to side movement of the mandible where would you find a symphysis joint - <<>>in the pelvis
The elbow joint is an example of a(n) joint. - <<>>hinge joints classified by the amount of movement at the location of the joint - <<>>functional Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly is called
- <<>>supination Most of the joints in the appendicular skeleton are joints - <<>>synovial which is the opposite movement of elevation - <<>>depression You need to reach the bowls on the top shelf of the kitchen, it is just slightly out of reach. Which of the following movements would give you the greatest chance to reach the bowls? - <<>>plantar flexion A type of bone that has a porous appearance and contains interlocking plates called trabeculae is known as: - <<>>spongy bone Osteoclast activity would decrease when levels are elevated. - <<>>calcitonin
How many bones are there in the typical adult skeleton? - <<>> Wrist bones that are round or nearly cube-shaped are classified as - <<>>short bones flat, tongue-shaped process - <<>>lingula Hook-shaped process - <<>>hamulus knob on the bone - <<>>tuberosity bone fissure - <<>>cleft bone process - <<>>prominent projection bone tubercle - <<>>small rounded bump The axial skeleton protects the , the spinal cord, and the vital organs within the thorax. - <<>>brain Collectively, the bones of the skull that protect the brain are called the - <<>>cranium/skull
Bones of the upper and lower limbs that are longer than they are wide are called bones. - <<>>long Which of the following surrounds cartilage? - <<>>perichondrium Bone tissue consists of extracellular bone and bone cells.
- <<>>matrix Mature bone matrix is composed of material like collagen and proteoglycans and material like hydroxyapatite. - <<>>organic, inorganic What are osteoblasts? - <<>>Bone-forming cells that produce and package matrix collagen and proteoglycans identify the 4 components of the skeletal system - <<>>bones, tendons, cartilages, ligaments What are mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone called? - <<>>osteocytes What is the perichondrium? - <<>>connective tissue surrounding cartilage
The bone cells responsible for the breakdown of bone tissue are called - <<>>osteoclasts The end of a long bone is called a(n) - <<>>epiphysis The diaphysis is the center portion of a(n) bone. - <<>>long The layer of connective tissue lining internal surfaces of bones is called - <<>>endosteum Flat bones contain an interior framework of bone sandwiched between two layers of bone. Multiple choice question. - <<>>spongy, compact During development, some bones arise from embryonic connective tissue membranes in a process known as bone formation. - <<>>intramembranous What is the expanded end of a long bone to which tendons and ligaments attach called? - <<>>epiphysis
In which zone of the epiphyseal plate are chondrocytes multiplying and aligning into longitudinal columns of flattened lacunae? - <<>>zone of cell proliferation Which layer of tissue lines the internal surfaces of a bone? - <<>>endosteum Which type of bone contains an interior framework of spongy bone sandwiched between two layers of compact bone? - <<>>flat bone Bone formation associated with cartilage is called ossification. - <<>>endochondral The zone of the epiphyseal plate that is nearest the epiphysis and contains randomly arranged chondrocytes is the zone of
- <<>>resting cartilage Which of the following describes the zone of cell hypertrophy in an epiphyseal plate? - <<>>Chondrocytes in this zone are no longer dividing, but are enlarging; there is a thinning of lacunae walls. Long bones increase in width and other bones increase in size or thickness because of growth beneath the periosteum. - <<>>appositional
Name the process which changes the shapes of bones to adjust to bone stress, replaces old bone matrix and facilitates the repair of broken bone. - <<>>bone remodeling The condition called is a disease of childhood in which a deficiency in vitamin D results in soft bones; those of the lower limbs bend under the body's weight. - <<>>rickets What effects can be attributed to increased pressure on a bone? - <<>>Electrical charge changes Increased osteoblast activity What is the role of vitamin C in skeletal development? - <<>>Collagen synthesis by osteoblasts requires vitamin C. A(n) fracture is one in which there is no visible damage to the skin at the injury site. - <<>>closed What is a mass of blood in the tissues called? - <<>>hematoma Bones are the primary storage location for. - <<>>calcium
in a(n) fracture, there is visible damage to the skin at the trauma site - <<>>open Osteoclasts become active when - <<>>blood calcium levels are low Osteoblasts are activated when - <<>>blood calcium levels are high Bleeding at the site of a bone fracture results in the formation of hematoma. Usually the blood in a hematoma forms a - <<>>clot The hormone is released by the thyroid gland when blood calcium levels are elevated. Its effect is to inhibit osteoclast activity. - <<>>calcitonin An increased blood calcium level stimulates the release of: - <<>>calcitriol Interconnecting rods of bone or bone tissue are: - <<>>trabeculae A passageway perpendicular to the long axis of the bone and connects one central canal to another is called a/an: - <<>>Perforating canal
maxilla bone(s) lacrimal bone(s) the zygomatic arch includes - <<>>zygoma and temporal bones Identify bones of the skull that are unpaired. - <<>>occipital, mandible, ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal What bone in the neck does not articulate with any other bone? - <<>>hyoid The thoracic cage forms a semirigid chamber that can increase and decrease in volume during respiration. - <<>>true is the radius or ulna shorter? - <<>>radius Which are functions of the thoracic cage? - <<>>It forms a semi-rigid chamber that aides in respiration. It protects the vital organs of the thorax. It provides sites for muscle attachment.
What is the medial bone of the forearm? - <<>>ulna a person hit in the back of the head will most likely have damage to the - <<>>occipital bone if a patient has fractured his ischium, the patient has injured his - <<>>pelvis The thoracic spine articulates with the: - <<>>ribs The spine at the area known as the chest is anatomically the: - <<>>thoracic spine the coccyx is the - <<>>most inferior region of the vertebral column an exaggerated thoracic curvature of the vertebral column is called a - <<>>kyphosis The fibrocartilage between the bodies of adjacent vertebra is called the: - <<>>intervertebral disc The site where the spinal nerves exit the vertebral column is called the: - <<>>intervertebral foramen
Any joint consisting of two bones joined by dense regular connective tissue without a joint cavity would be classified as a(n) joint. - <<>>fibrous Synchondroses and symphyses are types of joints. - <<>>cartilaginous A synovial joint may be described as a joint. - <<>>separated by a narrow, fluid-filled space allowing for significant mobility Of the structural joint classifications, joints are the most complex - <<>>synovial identify the correct descriptions of fibrous joints. - <<>>Having no joint cavity United by fibrous tissue Having a limited range of motion the fluid within the articular (joint) cavity is called - <<>>synovial fluid identify the types of cartilaginous joints - <<>>symphyses and synchondroses
articular cartilage is composed of what type of cartilage? - <<>>hyaline A is a type of articular disc that only partially spans a synovial cavity. - <<>>meniscus Most synovial joints are functionally classified as - <<>>diarthrotic diarthrotic joints - <<>>freely movable joints Amphiarthrotic joints - <<>>slightly movable synarthrotic joints - <<>>immovable joints The thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones at the joint is called the - <<>>articular cartilage Which are found in a joint capsule? - <<>>synovial membrane and fibrous capsule A fibrocartilage pad found between the bones within the knee joint is called a(n) - <<>>meniscus
