Medical Concepts and Terminology, Exams of Pathophysiology

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NR507 Week 4 Midterm Exam Questions and

Answers Graded A+

murmur heard on auscultation - Correct answer What physical sign is the result of turbulent blood flow throw a vessel Treponema pallidum - Correct answer Which organism is ca common sexually transmitted bacterial infection Cancer is locally invasive - Correct answer It has been determined that a tumor is in stage 2. What is the meaning of this finding Anemia of chronic disease - Correct answer Erythrocyte life span of less than 120 days, ineffective bone marrow response to erythropoietin, and altered iron metabolism describe the pathophysiologic characteristics of which type of anemia? Right lung - Correct answer When an individual aspirates food particles, where would the nurse expect to hear decreased or absent breath sounds? Colonization - Correct answer What is the first stage in the infectious process? Renal failure and addison disease - Correct answer Causes of hyperkalemia include Anaplasia - Correct answer Which term is used to describe a muscle cell showing a reduced ability to form new muscle while appearing highly disorganized Inhibiting thrombin and antithrombin III - Correct answer The drug heparin acts in hemostasis by which processes?

Development of antibiotic resistance - Correct answer What is the major concern regarding the treatment of gonococci infections Iron deficiency - Correct answer What is the most common cause of insufficient erythropoiesis in children Albumin - Correct answer What is the most abundant class of plasma protein? Stiffness - Correct answer Decreased lung compliance means that the lungs are demonstrating which characteristic? IgE - Correct answer Which immunoglobulin is present in childhood asthma? Nephron - Correct answer What is the functional unit of the kidney called? 5 - Correct answer An infant's hemoglobin must fall below ____ g/dl before signs of pallor, tachycardia and systolic murmurs occur. Infants are obligatory nose breathers - Correct answer Why is nasal congestion a serious threat to young infants? 30 and 36 - Correct answer The risk for respiratory distress syndrome decreases for premature infants when they are born between how many weeks of gestation? Inhibits renin and aldosterone - Correct answer What effect to natriuretic peptides have during heart failure when the heart dilates?

Laryngospasms - Correct answer Examination of the throat in a child demonstrating signs and symptoms of acute epiglottitis may contribute to which life-threatening complication? Genital herpes - Correct answer When a patient has small, vesicular lesions that last between 10 and 20 days, which sexually transmitted infection is suspected? CD4 T-helper Th2 lymphocytes - Correct answer Which T- lymphocyte is a key determinant of childhood asthma? Bound to hemoglobin - Correct answer How is most of the oxygen in blood transported? Chronic blood loss - Correct answer What is the most common cause of iron deficiency anemia? DiGeorge Syndrome - Correct answer In which primary immune deficiency is thetre a partial-to- complete absence of T-cell immunity? QRS - Correct answer Which complex (wave) represents the sum of all ventricular muscle cell depolarizations? eosinophils - Correct answer During an IgE hypersensitivity reaction, which leukocyte is activated? atelectasis - Correct answer What is the primary problem resulting from respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn alcohol - Correct answer Which substance has been shown to increase the risk of cancer when used in combination with tobacco smoking?

Proximal convoluted tubules - Correct answer The only surface inside the nephron where ells are covered in microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area is called the? Pulmonary edema - Correct answer Continuous increases in left ventricular filling pressures result in which disorder? Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive - Correct answer Apoptosis is a (an) Right-to-left blood shunting - Correct answer The function of the foramen ovale in a fetus allows what to occur? 40 to 60 - Correct answer If the SA node fails, then at what rate can the AV node depolarize? Mesangial Cells - Correct answer Which cells have phagocytic properties similar to monocytes and contract like smooth muscle cells, thereby influencing GFR? IgA - Correct answer An individual is more susceptible to infections of mucous membranes when he or she has a seriously low level of which immunoglobulin antibody? Aorta - Correct answer The coronary ostia are located in the Activates platelets - Correct answer What is the role of collagen in the clotting process? Zinc - Correct answer Deficiences in which element can produce depression of both B and T cell function? Maintenance of genomic integrity - Correct answer What is the role of caretaker genes?

Premature birth - Correct answer What is the chief predisposing factor for respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn? Is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive - Correct answer Hemolytic disease of the newborn can occur if the mother: Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus - Correct answer Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18 and Down Syndrome? Spleen - Correct answer Fetal hematopoiesis occurs in which structure? Spread - Correct answer What is the final stage of the infectious process? IgM is the first antibody produced during the initial response to an antigen - Correct answer Which statement is true concerning IgM? Parasympathetic fibers - Correct answer Innervation of the bladder and internal urethral sphincter is supplied by which nerves? Administration of radioactive cobalamin and the measurment of its excretion in the urine to test for vitamin B12 deficienct - Correct answer Which statement best describes a Schilling test? Bacteria - Correct answer Phagocytosis involves neutrophils actively attacking, engulfing, and destroying which microorganisms? Acyclovir - Correct answer Which drug may be prescribed orally for outbreak management of herpes simplex viral infections? 1:1 (one capillary per one muscle cell) - Correct answer What is the ratio of coronary capillaries to cardiac muscle cells?

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) - Correct answer Which disorder results in decreased erythrocytes and platelets with changes in leukocytes and has clinical manifestations of pallor, fatigue, petechiae, purpura, bleeding and fever? Juxtaglomerular apparatus - Correct answer What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion? Edema of the hands and feet - Correct answer Which manifestations of vasoocclusive crisis are associated with SCD in infants? No antigens - Correct answer A person with type O blood is considered to be the universal blood donor because type O blood contains which of the following? Gram-stain technique - Correct answer Which laboratory test is considered adequate for an accurate and reliable diagnosis of gonococcal urethritis in a symptomatic man? Hypothalamus - Correct answer Which organ is stimulated during the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome? IgE - Correct answer Which type of antibody is involved in type I hypersensitivity reaction? Active-acquired immunity - Correct answer Which type of immunity is produced by an individual after either natural exposure to the antigen or after immunization against the antigen? Urethra - Correct answer What is the primary site of uncomplicated local gonococcal infections in men?

Ventilation - Correct answer Which term is used to identify the movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs? I - Correct answer IgE is associated with which type of hypersensitivity reaction? Colon - Correct answer Evidence supports the premise that exercise has a probable impact on reducing the risk of which cancer? Proto-oncogene - Correct answer In a normal, non mutant state, an oncogene is referred to as a? A smooth triangular area between the openings of the two ureters and the urethra - Correct answer What is the trigone? Anemia of chronic disease - Correct answer Erythrocyte life span of less than 120 days, ineffective bone marrow response to erythropoietin, and altered iron metabolism describe the pathphysiologic characteristics of which type of anemia? 100 to 120 - Correct answer What is the life span of an erythrocyte (in days)? B - Correct answer Which hepatitis virus is known to be sexually transmitted? Ventricular septal defect (VSD) - Correct answer An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can be detected at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect Sympathetic nervous system - Correct answer Blood vessels of the kidneys are innervated by the:

2 and 4 - Correct answer Between which months of age does SIDS most often occur? Cells remain localized in grandular or squamous cells - Correct answer Carcinoma in situ is characterized by which changes? Sodium excretion - Correct answer What is the direct action of atrial natriuretic hormone? The right and left atria; they are low-pressure chambers that serve as storage units and conduits for blood - Correct answer Which cardiac chamber has the thinnest wall and why? Bones - Correct answer The most common site of metastasis for a patient diagnosed with prostate cancer is which location? 250 to 300 ml - Correct answer How much urine accumulates in the bladder before the mechanoreceptors sense bladder fullness? Surfactant deficienct - Correct answer What is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn? An altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease - Correct answer Hypersensitivity is best defined as: Stiffness - Correct answer Decreased lung compliance means that the lungs are demonstrating which characteristic? Kidneys are not mature enough to counter fluid losses - Correct answer Infants are most susceptible to significant losses in total body water because of an infants: Vagus - Correct answer The lung is innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system via which nerve?

Reduced expiratory flow rates confirmed by spirometry testing - Correct answer Which criterion is used to confirm a diagnosis of asthma in an 8 year old child? In the form of bicarbonate - Correct answer How is most carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood transported? 10 - Correct answer What is the lifespan of platelets (in days)? They activate renal sympathetic neurons and cause mild vasoconstriction - Correct answer What effects do exercise and body position have on renal blood flow? Monocytes - Correct answer Which blood cell type is elevated at birth but decreases to adult levels during the first year of life? Cancer is locally invasive - Correct answer It has been determined that a tumor is in stage 2. What is the meaning of this finding? Bronchus - Correct answer Where in the respiratory tract do the majority of foreign objects aspirated by children finally lodge? IL-1 and IL-6 - Correct answer Which cytokines initiate the production of corticotropin-relasing hormone? Squatting - Correct answer Which compensatory mechanism is spontaneously used by children diagnosed with Tetralolgy of Fallot to relieve hypoxic spells? Limbic system - Correct answer Perceived stress elicits an emotional, anticipatory response that begins where? Cervical - Correct answer The papanicolaou (pap) test is used to screen for which cancer?

180 mg/dl - Correct answer How high does the plasma glucose have to be before the threshold for glucose is achieved? Pernicious - Correct answer Which of the following is classified as a megaloblastic anemia? Compensatory hypertrophy - Correct answer What process allows the kidney to respond to an increase in workload? Erythropoietin - Correct answer Which hormone is synthesized and secreted by the kidneys? To measure the volume and flow rate during forced expiration - Correct answer What is the purpose of the spirometry measurement? The immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it - Correct answer Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response? Deficit of IL-10 and an excess of IL-1, IL-8 and TNF-alpha - Correct answer What are the abnormalities in cytokines found in children with cystic fibrosis Inhibits salt and water reabsorption - Correct answer What is action of urodilatin (a natriuretic peptide) The cells are well-differentiated - Correct answer Which statement concerning benign tumors is true? Perfusion pressure in the glomerular capillaries - Correct answer The GFR rate is directly related to which factor?

Exotoxins are released during bacterial growth - Correct answer Which statement concerning exotoxins is true? Parathyroid hormone - Correct answer What substance stimulates renal hydroxylation in the process of producing vitamin D? Acetylcholine - Correct answer What is the most negative inotropic agent? Plasma oncotic - Correct answer Low plasma albumin causes edema as a results of a reduction in which pressure?