Medical Terminology and Concepts, Exams of Nursing

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3-1. All of the following are true of Healthy People 2020 except: A. It is funded by the pharmaceutical industry B. It is a national agenda that communicates a vision for improving health and achieving health equity of the U.S. population C. It provides a set of more than 1, specific, measurable objectives with targets to be achieved over the decade

D. Initiatives are organized by general health and wellness topics, age, and special needs populations such as maternal health or vulnerable population groups - answer ✅✅A. It is funded by the pharmaceutical industry 3-2. The Lesbian, Bay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) population is included as a special population in the Healthy People 2020 initiative due to which of the following health concerns? A. LGBT population experiences few social barriers to healthcare caused by discrimination B. LGBT youth can be at special risk, with increased suicide rates 2-3 times higher than the general population C. LGBT individuals have less access to healthcare due to living in poorly served rural areas D. LGBT individuals experience a lower risk of violence and victimization, which has long- lasting effects on the individual and the community - answer ✅✅B. LGBT youth can be

at special risk, with increased suicide rates 2- 3 times higher than the general population 3-3. Many objectives of Healthy People 2020 focus on broader population issues including which of the following? A. Increasing health disparities B. Reducing equal access to quality healthcare C. Increasing services to identified minority populations D. Decreasing the availability and dissemination of health-related information - answer ✅✅C. Increasing services to identified minority populations 3-4. Improvement in sleep health is an objective of Healthy People 2020 for what reason? A. Inadequate sleep has implications for driving safety, work productivity, and quality of life

B. 75% of adult population in the U.S. reports some sort of sleep disturbance C. Sleep apnea can be successfully treated with zolpidem D. Sleep apnea significantly increases the risk of diabetes and glaucoma - answer ✅✅A. Inadequate sleep has implications for driving safety, work productivity, and quality of life 3-5. Which organization, created by Congress in 1984, is an independent, volunteer panel of national experts that develops screening recommendations based on evidence-based medicine? A. The World Health Organization B. American Association of Family Physicians C. National Screening Program D. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) - answer ✅✅D. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 3-6. Daily exercise and staying current with routine-recommended immunizations are examples of what level of prevention?

A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention D. Primordial prevention - answer ✅✅A. Primary prevention 3-7. A patient with type 2 diabetes who sees a podiatrist for monthly foot examinations is practicing what type of prevention? A. Tertiary prevention B. Primary prevention C. Secondary prevention D. Diabetic surveillance - answer ✅✅C. Secondary prevention 3-8. A patient who has experienced a stroke with hemiparesis and is now participating in occupational therapy is practicing what type of prevention? A. Tertiary prevention

B. Secondary prevention C. Primary prevention D. Disease mitigation - answer ✅✅A. Tertiary prevention 3-9. The CDC reports that the costliest healthcare expenditures in the U.S. are attributed to: A. Ebola and dengue fever B. Chronic, preventable diseases C. Tick-borne diseases, such as Lyme disease D. Motor vehicle accidents - answer ✅✅B. Chronic, preventable diseases 3-10. The term prevalence refers to: A. Health conditions required through statute, ordinance, or administrative rule to be reported to a public health agency when diagnosed in an individual B. A group of cases of a specific disease or illness clearly in excess of what one would

normally expect in a particular geographic area C. Illness or lack of health caused by disease, disability, or injury D. The proportions of people in a population who have some attribute or condition at a given point in time, or during a specified time period - answer ✅✅D. The proportions of people in a population who have some attribute or condition at a given point in time, or during a specified time period 3-11. Which of the following tests carries a grade A recommendation for a 67-year-old male who has smoked a pack of cigarettes every day for the last 25 years? A. Abdominal ultrasound B. Chest CT C. PSA D. Pulmonary function test - answer ✅✅A. Abdominal ultrasound

3-12. The ability of a test to correctly identify whose with the disease (true positive rate) is known as: A. False positivity B. Incidence rate C. Sensitivity D. Specificity - answer ✅✅C. Sensitivity 3-13. The ability of a test to correctly identify those with-out the disease (true negative rate) is known as: A. Mortality rate B. Prevalence rate C. Sensitivity D. Specificity - answer ✅✅D. Specificity 3-14. According to the USPSTF, which population has the highest risk of contracting HIV and should be screened?

A. A 25-year-old patient with a negative HIV test last year B. A 35-year-old patient recently diagnosed with hepatitis B contracted from IV drug use C. A 42-year-old patient with a 10-year history of smoking marijuana D. A 72-year-old patient in a monogamous sexual relationship - answer ✅✅B. A 35-year- old patient recently diagnosed with hepatitis B contracted from IV drug use 3-15. Which of the following is not a permanent contraindication to vaccination? A. Systemic allergic reaction to a vaccine component B. Encephalopathy following pertussis immunization C. Pregnancy in a younger female D. Anaphylaxis to a vaccine component - answer ✅✅C. Pregnancy in a younger female 3-16. Which type of vaccine involves manipulation of the bacterial cell wall to

make the immune response more effective in infancy? A. Conjugate B. Live C. Polysaccharide D. Toxoid - answer ✅✅A. Conjugate 3-17. In which of the following scenarios might it be acceptable to postpone immunization? A. Low-grade fever or mild illness B. Moderate to severe illness C. Prior localized reaction D. All of the above - answer ✅✅B. Moderate to severe illness 3-18. Which type of vaccine is always contraindicated in pregnancy? A. Polysaccharide B. Toxoid

C. Killed D. Live - answer ✅✅D. Live 4-1. All of the following may effect a drug's absorption except: A. Size of the drug molecule B. Food in the gut C. Available surface area D. P450 enzyme system - answer ✅✅D. P enzyme system 4-2. The primary means of medication excretion is through: A. The liver B. The kidneys C. Exhaled air D. Sweat from pores - answer ✅✅B. The kidneys 4-3. Which of the following describes and agonist?

A. A chemical that has a harder time crossing the blood-brain barrier B. A chemical that binds to a receptor and stimulates cellular activity C. A chemical that binds to a receptor and blocks or inhibits cellular activity D. A chemical that has a longer half-life than a competing chemical - answer ✅✅B. A chemical that binds to a receptor and stimulates cellular activity 4-4. Chirality refers to: A. The shape of the medication molecule B. The shape of a drug receptor C. A drug that blocks a matching receptor D. A drug that shows affinity for certain receptors - answer ✅✅A. The shape of the medication molecule 4-5. The P450 enzyme system affects the way medications are metabolized. Which of the

following is an example of the P450 system in action? A. The ease that a medication is bound by plasma binding proteins B. A bigger molecule having a harder time crossing membranes C. Grapefruit juice interacting with a medication's metabolism D. The need to lower the dose of a medication because of poor kidney function - answer ✅✅C. Grapefruit juice interacting with a medication's metabolism 4-6. An 88-year-old male is being treated for complicated pyelonephritis with gentamicin IM daily. His wife called the office to report that he didn't hear his alarm clock go off this morning. In addition, when their granddaughter called earlier that day, he had to hand the phone to his wife because he couldn't understand what she was saying. Based on this information, you are most concerned about which possible serious adverse effect of gentamicin?

A. Dementia B. Hepatotoxicity C. Xerophthalmia D. Ototoxicity - answer ✅✅D. Ototoxicity 4-7. A 56-year-old male presents to the office as a new patient. When reviewing his medical history you notice "medication-induced tendonitis with subsequent tendon rupture" listed under past problems. Even though he connote remember the medication, you know that it is a serious adverse effect of which of the following drugs? A. ceftriaxone (Rocephin) B. ciprofloxacin (Cipro) C. darifenacin (Enablex) D. phenazopyridine (Pyridium) - answer ✅✅B. ciprofloxacin (Cipro) 4-8. A 33-year-old female presents to the office with complaints of urinary urgency, frequency, pressure, and dysuria. You would like to prescribe nitrofurantoin (Macrobid)

100mg PO BID X 5 days for her uncomplicated UTI. Which medical information would cause you to choose a different antibiotic? A. She reports bright orange urine after taking Pyridium earlier today B. She sometimes takes diphenhydramine to sleep at night C. She has a history of an allergic reaction to amoxicillin D. She is currently 39 weeks pregnant - answer ✅✅D. She is currently 39 weeks pregnant 4-9. Edith L. is a 36-year-old pregnant woman who presents at the clinic with symptoms of fever, chills, and body aches. Symptoms started last night, and she tests positive for influenza A. Which of the following would you prescribe? A. oseltamivir (Tamiflu) B. zanamivir (Relenza) C. peramivir (Rapivab)

D. amantadine (Symmetrel) - answer ✅✅A. oseltamivir (Tamiflu) 4-10. Phillip R. is a 42-year-old male who presents to the clinic with recurrent genital herpes. Which of the following is recommended for the treatment of genital herpes in this individual? A. ganciclovir (Zirgan) B. atazanavir (Reyataz) C. valacyclovir (Valtrex) D. ribavirin (Virazole) - answer ✅✅C. valacyclovir (Valtrex) 4-11. Lucas M. is a 65-year-old male who presents with elevated liver enzymes, and further testing indicates he has hepatitis C (HCV). All of the following are true of pharmacologic treatment of HCV except. A. Test all patients for evidence of current or prior hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection before initiating treatment with HCV direct acting antivirals

B. Hepatitis C treatment is generally swift, simple, and straightforward C. The most common initial treatments are combination medications based on the genotype of the virus D. Patients should be evaluated for co- infection with HIV and the presence of cirrhosis - answer ✅✅B. Hepatitis C treatment is generally swift, simple, and straightforward 4-12. Which is not a mechanism of action of chemotherapy? A. Ensuring the RNA inside a cancer cell is unchanged B. Cell apoptosis due DNA damage C. Destruction of checkpoint proteins D. Intervention at some point in the cell life cycle of DNA replication - answer ✅✅A. Ensuring the RNA inside a cancer cell is unchanged 4-13. Jennifer P. is a 58-year-old female being treated with cisplatin for breast cancer. The

nurse practitioner knows that part of the management plan should include frequent testing of which lab test? A. Serum glucose B. Complete blood count (CBC) C. Urinalysis D. Uric acid - answer ✅✅B. Complete blood count (CBC) 4-14. The following patients are being seen in the oncology clinic: Melissa F., who is receiving whole brain irradiation for metastatic breast cancer; Jason S., who is receiving interferon for Kaposi sarcoma; and Sandra M., who is receiving treatment with cyclophosphamide for ovarian cancer. The nurse practitioner knows that these three patients are at risk for which common side effect? A. Increased energy prior to treatment B. Insomnia C. Tachycardia

D. Oral candidiasis - answer ✅✅D. Oral candidiasis 4-15. Which of the following is a chemotherapeutic (anti-cancer) dosing principle? A. Drugs should be administered at low doses but with increased frequency B. Drugs are more beneficial if major toxicities are nonoverlapping C. Drugs should be administered infrequently to minimize side effects D. Drugs are rarely effective in combination - answer ✅✅C. Drugs should be administered infrequently to minimize side effects 4-16. Which of the following is an antineoplastic drug that is also used to treat psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis? A. methotrexate (Trexall) B. mercaptopurine (Purixan) C. allopurinol (Zyloprim)

D. procarbazine (Matulane) - answer ✅✅A. methotrexate (Trexall) 4-17. While performing patient education about drug-food interactions, the nurse practitioner cautions a patient to avoid grapefruit juice because he takes which of the following medications? A. lisinopril (Zestril) B. verapamil (Calan) C. warfarin (Coumadin) D. timolol (Timoptic) - answer ✅✅B. verapamil (Calan) 4-18. Mrs. K. comes to the clinic because she has experienced nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for three days. She has lost two pounds. Her medications include rosuvastatin, lisinopril, vitamin D, digoxin, and zolpidem. Which lab is most critical for the nurse practitioner to draw? A. Lipid profile

B. Urinalysis C. Vitamin D level D. Digoxin level - answer ✅✅D. Digoxin level 4-19. Daria is a 27-year-old female who is being started on propranolol for migraine prophylaxis. In addition, she is taking metformin and glipizide for diabetes. It is important to include what information when teaching her about this new medication? A. Signs and symptoms of low blood sugar may not be as apparent B. It is okay to stop the propranolol if her migraines don't improve C. If a rash occurs, it is a minor side effect and should go away D. She should expect her total cholesterol and LDL levels to improve - answer ✅✅A. Signs and symptoms of low blood sugar may not be as apparent 4-20. Which patient is a candidate for warfarin (Coumadin) following a diagnosis of DVT?

A. 45-year-old on Irbesartan and fluvastatin B. 34-year-old with coffee ground emesis C. 18-year-old who is 36 weeks pregnant D. 29-year-old female with von Willebrand disease - answer ✅✅ 4-21. Which calcium channel blocker has little to no effect on conduction through the SA and AV nodes? A. procainamide (Pronestyl) B. verapamil (Calan) C. amlodipine (Norvasc) D. diltiazem (Cardizem) - answer ✅✅C. amlodipine (Norvasc) The nurse practitioner is seeing a patient for acute exacerbation of asthma. The patient reports increasing shortness of breath and wheezing the last two days. He ran out of his albuterol inhaler and has been using his grandmother's inhaler (formoterol) with no

improvement. What is the best rationale for the ineffectiveness of the formoterol? A. His grandmother nay have used all of the medicine in her inhaler B. formoterol is a long-acting beta agonist and is not effective for acute symptoms C. formoterol is an inhaled corticosteroid and is not effective for acute symptoms D. He is not using the inhaler correctly - answer ✅✅B. formoterol is a long-acting beta agonist and is not effective for acute symptoms Which medication has the following mechanism of action: decreases inflammation and mucus production and causes bronchodilation by selectively binding leukotriene receptors? A. zafirlukast (Accolate) B. omalizumab (Xolair) C. ciclesonide (Alvesco)

D. cromolyn sodium (Intal) - answer ✅✅A. zafirlukast (Accolate) Which medication would cause concern prior to prescribing ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)? A. albuterol (Proair) B. fluoxetine (Prozac) C. montelukast (Singulair) D. Tamsulosin (Flomax) - answer ✅✅D. Tamsulosin (Flomax) Kayla complains of pain on her tongue and a white coating to her tongue. She is diagnosed with oral candidiasis. The nurse practitioner knows this diagnosis is a complication of which medication? A. metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor) B. mometasone (Asmanex) C. lamotrigine (Lamictal) D. colchicine (Colcrys) - answer ✅✅B. mometasone (Asmanex)

In order to cover meals eaten within 30-60 minutes, which type of insulin should be prescribed by the nurse practitioner? A. Intermediate-acting insulin B. Long-acting insulin C. Rapid-acting insulin D. Short-acting insulin - answer ✅✅D. Short- acting insulin A patient has recently been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism. Which medication will the nurse practitioner prescribe? A. hydrocortisone (Cortef) B. levothyroxine (Levoxyl) C. methimazole (Tapazole) D. metformin (Glucophage) - answer ✅✅C. methimazole (Tapazole) What is the mechanism of action of sulfonylureas used for type 2 diabetes?