Medical Terminology and Concepts, Exams of Nursing

Download Medical Terminology and Concepts and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! PACKRAT 1 Questions & Answers | 100% Correct Answers | Verified | Latest 2024 Version What is the most specific diagnostic test for PUD? - ✔✔Endoscopy A patient complains of a rash on his palms and sole. He has a fever and chills. In conversation he mentions a strange painless chancre he had a few weeks ago. What is the most likely diagnosis? - ✔✔Secondary syphilis. This is the most contagious stage. A patient present with watery bilateral discharge from the eyes and nontender preauricular adenopathy what is the most likely diagnosis? what is the most common pathogen? - ✔✔viral conjunctivitis, adenovirus What is the first line treatment for pertussis? - ✔✔Erythromycin A patient presents with a painful ipsilateral third nerve palsy. what is the most likely diagnosis? - ✔✔Posterior communicating artery aneurysm (PcomA) Your attending asks you to come and see an excellent example of Hutchinson's sign. What diagnosis does the patient have? - ✔✔Herpes Zoster ophthalmicus After 7 days of sinusitis what antibiotic would you start? - ✔✔Amoxicillin or Bactrim What is the most common cause of CHF? - ✔✔Coronary artery disease What antibiotic class of choice for chlamydia? - ✔✔Macrolides A surge in what hormone leads to ovulation? - ✔✔Luteinizing hormone As a part of antepartum testing a baby has a positive stress test. what does that mean? - ✔✔They have had 2 heart rate accelerations in a 20 min period of 15 beats above baseline for at least 15 seconds....This is a good thing What organism is most common cause of pneumonia in the patient with cystic fibrosis? - ✔✔Pseudomonas Propranolol belongs to what class of medications? - ✔✔Beta blockers Grape-like vesicles or sack of grapes on ultrasound should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Hydatidiform mole List three positive symptoms of schizophrenia. - ✔✔Hallucinations, delusions, movement disorders What is pertussis more commonly referred to as? - ✔✔Whooping cough Name three medications "classes" which are indicated for reduction in LDL? - ✔✔statins, ezetimibe, niacin, and nicotinic acid Treatment for stasis dermatitis. - ✔✔Compression stockings A 95y.o. female present to the ER after a fall in her home. Her left leg is shortened and externally rotated. What is the most likely diagnosis? - ✔✔hip fracture Yellow, brown fleshy mass on the conjunctiva that does not interfere with vision? - ✔✔Pinguecula Is an upper respiratory infection that includes hoarseness most likely bacterial or viral? - ✔✔Viral Tenderness over the anatomical snuffbox is indicative of what fracture? - ✔✔Scaphoid If you have heartburn that does not improve with medication what is the most likely diagnosis? - ✔✔Gastrinoma When is the typical onset of Tourette's syndrome? - ✔✔3-8 years old You are treating a patient for TB. He has noticed that his body fluids now have an orange tint. what drug is most like causing this? - ✔✔Rifampin Will evidence of TB be seen more frequently in the upper or lower lung lobes on CXR? - ✔✔Upper List three causes of decreased tactile fremitus. - ✔✔COPD, Asthma, pleural effusion, pneumothorax At approximately how many weeks pregnant is the uterus at the level of the symphysis pubis? - ✔✔12 weeks what are the ABC's of Melanoma? - ✔✔Asymmetry, border, color, diameter, elevation/irregularity, evolving What life threatening side effect do statins have? - ✔✔Rhabdomyolysis What two hormones are recreated by the posterior pituitary? - ✔✔Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin) Define paphimosis. - ✔✔Foreskin that is retracted and cannot be reduced Borderline personality disorder is on the border of what two psychological disorders? - ✔✔neurosis & psychosis Does FEV1 go up or down with asthma? - ✔✔goes down A biphasic P wave should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔L atrial enlargement What is the treatment for tetanus infections? - ✔✔PCN, immune globulin, & supportive care (esp. respiratory support) What are the genetic characteristics of Wilson's disease? - ✔✔Autosomal recessive, chromosome 13 How does Metformin work? - ✔✔Decreases the hepatic glucose production and increases peripheral glucose uptake Where is disease of the tricuspid valve best heard? - ✔✔Left lower sternal border Giant cells on Tzanck smear should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔HSV A positive Finkelstein's Test indicates what diagnosis? - ✔✔de Quervain's tenosynovitis You have a patient with diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. While waiting for surgery, should you use an alpha blocker or a beta blocker? - ✔✔Alpha blocker. You should never use a pure beta blocker. What medication is used for patients with lupus? - ✔✔Systemic steroids Bloody stool with cysts and trophozoites should make you think of which diagnosis? - ✔✔Amebiasis Pearly dome-shaped lesion with a central umbilication should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Molluscum Contagiousum What is an Xray finding that supports diagnosis of a slipped capital femoral epiphysis? - ✔✔Ice cream falling of the cone An opening snap on auscultation of the heart should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔mitral stenosis Eggshell opacities on the CXR should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Silicosis How much fiber should you normally get in a day? - ✔✔~30 grams How long should symptoms occur before diagnosing schizophrenia? - ✔✔at least 6 months What is the normal pH of blood? - ✔✔7.35 - 7.45 To be diagnosed with ADD patients must exhibit symptoms before what age? - ✔✔7 y.o. What are the three major criteria for endocarditis? - ✔✔2 positive blood cultures, a positive transesophageal echo, new murmur What is the treatment of cholera? - ✔✔Fluids Which lipid management may cause flushing? - ✔✔Niacin A patient believes she is pregnant. You notice that her cervix appears a little blue. What is the name of this sign? - ✔✔Chadwick's sign A sudden Thunderclap headache should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Subarachnoid hematoma what is the treatment of pertussis? - ✔✔Erythromycin x 7days what are the two most common causes of epididymitis? - ✔✔Neisseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia Under normal conditions at what hemoglobin level would you begin to consider a transfusion? - ✔✔8 A patient presents with acute swelling and pain in the cheek that increases at meals. what is the most likely diagnosis? - ✔✔Sialadenitis (salivary gland infection)- S. aureus What kind is the most common in endometrial cancer? - ✔✔75% are adenocarcinomas Which medication is worse to give to a pediatric patient, tetracycline or a aminoglycoside? - ✔✔Tetracycline- teeth staining How lone after a radiant energy burn do symptoms typically show? - ✔✔6-12 hours What dermatological finding is associated with insulin insensitivity? - ✔✔Acanthosis nigricans White curd vaginal discharge would make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔vaginal candida infections In sickle cell microcytic, macrocytic, or normocytic? - ✔✔Microcytic Tapioca blisters should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Dyshidrosis eczema- usually on hands and feet A college student presents with a little purulent drainage from one eye and contender priauricular lymphadenopathy. What diagnosis should you be thinking? - ✔✔Chlamydia conjunctivitis when is it recommended to start pap smears? - ✔✔guidelines suggest beginning at age 21 regardless of sexual history at what age is primary amenorrhea diagnosed? - ✔✔Age 14 is no secondary sex characteristic. Age 16 if some secondary development What is the name for the 4th and 5th metacarpal fractures that often result from throwing a punch? - ✔✔Boxer's fracture what is the medical term for a lazy eye? - ✔✔Amblyopa What tests are done to screen for HIV? - ✔✔ELISA and then if the positive diagnosis is confirmed with a western blot test A herald patch should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Pityriasis rosea Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) may be given to children above what age? - ✔✔1 y.o. A 30y.o. female presents with pustules on her face that spare the vermillion border. In her history she has been using topical steroids. What is the most likely diagnosis? - ✔✔Perioral dermatitis What does ERCP stand for? - ✔✔Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Define pellagra - ✔✔Niacin (B3)deficiency cytomegalovirus Where is the disease of the mitral valve best heard? - ✔✔At the apex At how many weeks of pregnancy can chorionic villus sampling be done? - ✔✔10-13 weeks What is the most common infection following a C-section? - ✔✔metritis You have a patient with PCOS who would like to get pregnant. What are two medications you may start her on? - ✔✔Metformin & Clomid What is the most useful physical exam test for diagnosing an ACL tear? - ✔✔Lachman's, followed by anterior drawer The term philadelphia chromosome should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Chronic myeloid leukemia What two lung cancers are typically found centrally on CXR? - ✔✔small cell & squamous cell Honey and babies should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Botulism Anatomically where are 80% of clavicle fractures located ? - ✔✔middle third what molecule binds iron in the blood stream? - ✔✔Transferrin what is the medical term for cross-eyed? - ✔✔Strabismus Fruity breath should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Diabetic Ketoacidosis An RSR prime in in leads V5 or V6 should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔L bundle branch block What dermatologic finding is associated with asthma? - ✔✔atopic dermatitis A child presents with painful ulcers in his mouth. On physical exam you find more of the same type of ulcers on his feet and hands. What virus is most likely causing these symptoms? - ✔✔Coxsackie virus An endoscopy for presumed esophagitis shows multiple shallow ulcers. What is the most likely diagnosis? - ✔✔Herpes simplex virus A snowstorm appearance on US should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Hydatidform mole List two risk factors for prostate cancer - ✔✔advancing age, African America, positive family history, high fat diet Zanamivir (Relenza) may be given to children above what age? - ✔✔7 years old At what age should a child begin to feed himself? - ✔✔6 months What type of mosquitoes carry malaria? - ✔✔Anopheles What is the most likely diagnosis for a young man who experiences sudden death while playing sports? - ✔✔Hypotrophic cardiomyopathy Both lead I & AVF have positive QRS complexes. Does this represent normal axis, left axis deviation, or right axis deviation? - ✔✔Normal axis What is the most common cause of dementia? - ✔✔Alzheimer's disease, it may be as high as 80% HLA-DR gene is a marker for what endocrine disorder? - ✔✔DM type 1 what age do symptoms of Huntington's disease appear? - ✔✔Around 30 y.o. You hear a loud, harsh pulmonary murmur along the left sternal border. what is the most likely diagnosis? - ✔✔Ventricular septal defect white oral lesions which can be scraped off leaving punctate bleeding should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔oral candida A unilateral, single, mobile, firm, nontender solid breast mass should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Fibroadenoma What is the most common cause of DM type 1? - ✔✔Autoimmune destruction of the islet cells of the pancreas What is a cytocele? - ✔✔a herniation of the bladder into the vagina What is the term for eyelids that turn in? - ✔✔Entropion Are target cell seen in mild or severe iron deficiency anemia? - ✔✔Severe, they are also seen in alpha thalassemia, chronic liver disease and asplenia An Osborn or J wave seen on EKG should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Hypothermia Name three medications used to break a seizure? - ✔✔Diazepam, lorazepam, phenytoin, or fosphenytoin What organism causes toxoplasmosis? - ✔✔Toxoplasma gondii Giant cell arteritis is associated with what other disease? - ✔✔polymyalgia rheumatica A patient presents with a painless mass in her right wrist. What is the most likely diagnosis? - ✔✔ganglion cyst what is the first line treatment for mastitis? - ✔✔Dicloxacillin is first line. Cephalexin or erythromycin is second line What is the diagnostic test of choice for Zenker's diverticulum? - ✔✔Barium swallow will show the diverticulum What are the two most common predisposing factors in the development of chronic renal failure? - ✔✔Hypertension & DM A child with bulky greasy stool should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Cystic fibrosis Describe how to preform the poses sign - ✔✔the patient is laterally and extends the right leg What is the most common uterine tumor - ✔✔Leiomyoma, also known as fibroids What location within the pelvis is endometriosis most commonly found? - ✔✔On an ovary What is the initial treatment for a MI - ✔✔MONA- morphine, oxygen, nitro, and aspirin A stuck on grey membrane is the pharynx would make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Diphtheria An abdominal exam with pain out of proportion to the exam would make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔intestinal ischemia A present presents with sudden painless complete unilateral vision loss. What is the most likely diagnosis? - ✔✔central retinal artery occlusion What is tonometry used for? - ✔✔determining intraocular pressure middy-brown sediment in the urine should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Acute tubular necrosis Are patient with specific phobias aware they are strange - ✔✔yes Name one abortive drug for migraines - ✔✔Triptans (sumatriptan, zolmitriptan) ergotamine During an interview a patient states "I have been anxious for as long as I can remember" This statement should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Generalized anxiety disorder A patient presents to your office complaining of a tremor in his right hand. He states after a beer it goes away completely. What is the most likely diagnosis? - ✔✔Benign essential tremor or familial tremor What CXR finding might make you think of berylliosis? - ✔✔Diffuse infiltrates with hilarious adenopathy Vaginal infection with motile flagellated protozoa should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Trichomonas vaginitis What seizure medication may cause overgrowth of the gums? - ✔✔Phenytoin Tympany to percussion should make you think of what diagnosis? - ✔✔Large pneumothorax A patient presents with pain in one eye. The cornea is hazy and the pupils are fixed. What is the most likely diagnosis? - ✔✔Glaucoma