Medical Terminology and Concepts, Exams of Nursing

Download Medical Terminology and Concepts and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! MHCC EMT-B PEARSON FINAL  EXAM 2024 Which of the following caused concern worldwide when it emerged and caused almost 800 deaths? A. TB B. AIDS C. CHF D. SARS - Answer✔✔SARS Which of the following procedures carries the highest risk of spreading TB to the EMT? A. Bag-valve-mask breathing B. Oral airway placement C. Modified jaw thrust D. Endotracheal suctioning - Answer✔✔Endotracheal suctioning A patient expresses offense that you practice so many precautionary measures, including washing your hands and wearing protective gear. He asks why you treat patients as unclean. Your BEST response should be that: A. serious communicable illnesses are spread by contact with bloodborne and airborne pathogens, so precautions are necessary. B. your training and safety protocols are very specific as to what precautionary measures you should perform, and you must follow them. C. you will forgo certain precautionary measures such as wearing masks if the patient finds that to be disturbing. D. some of the precautions might not be strictly necessary in all cases but it is better to be safe than sorry. - Answer✔✔A. serious communicable illnesses are spread by contact with bloodborne and airborne pathogens, so precautions are necessary. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a high-risk environment for catching TB? A. A local playground B. A homeless shelter C. A correctional facility D. A long-term care center for the elderly - Answer✔✔A. A local playground Which of the following is often part of an employment physical? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Common abbreviations - Answer✔✔C. Obscure abbreviations An imaginary line drawn down the center of the body, dividing it into right and left halves, is called the: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. ventral line. B. midaxillary line. C. midline. D. bilateral. - Answer✔✔C. midline. The transverse plane divides the body into what two halves? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Anterior/posterior B. Superior/inferior C. Medial/lateral D. Distal/proximal - Answer✔✔B. Superior/inferior A synonym for ventral is: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. distal. B. posterior. C. dorsal. D. anterior. - Answer✔✔D. anterior. What structure within a cell contains the genetic blueprint for reproduction? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Centrioles B. Ribosomes C. Mitochondria D. Nucleus - Answer✔✔D. Nucleus Which of the following is responsible for converting glucose and other nutrients into energy within a cell? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Lysosomes B. Nucleus C. Endoplasmic reticulum D. Mitochondria - Answer✔✔D. Mitochondria A disruption of respiratory control is a type of respiratory dysfunction in which a disorder has affected the functioning of the: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. cerebellum. B. medulla oblongata. C. cerebral cortex. D. spinal cord. - Answer✔✔B. medulla oblongata. A patient with tachycardia will likely experience: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. The amount of blood returning to the heart with each contraction B. The amount of blood pumped from the heart with each contraction C. The amount of blood pumped from the heart in one minute D. The amount of blood returning to the heart in one minute - Answer✔✔B. The amount of blood pumped from the heart with each contraction Stroke volume is defined as the volume of blood ejected by the heart with each contraction. Stroke volume is determined by preload, myocardial contractility, and afterload. Cellular energy (ATP) is important to the cells because it is needed for the operation of the: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. sodium potassium pumps. B. chloride sodium pumps. C. calcium potassium pumps. D. potassium chloride pumps. - Answer✔✔A. sodium potassium pumps. failure of the sodium potassium pumps in the cells, which will cause the cells to swell and die. High levels of acid in the body affect the oxygen-carrying molecules in the blood called: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. clotting factors. B. leukocytes. C. electrolytes. D. hemoglobin. - Answer✔✔D. hemoglobin. An asthma attack is likely to: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. increase tidal volume and minute volume. B. decrease tidal volume and increase minute volume. c. Decrease In tidal and minute volume. D. increase tidal volume and decrease minute volume. - Answer✔✔c. Decrease In tidal and minute volume. An electrical heart dysfunction occurs from: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. squeezing forces. B. death of cardiac muscle tissue. C. heart attacks or heart failure. D. physical trauma. - Answer✔✔C. heart attacks or heart failure. Excessive permeability is a condition affecting the: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. veins. B. blood. C. arteries. D. capillaries. - Answer✔✔D. capillaries. Certain conditions such as sepsis, high altitude, and certain diseases cause capillaries to become overly permeable, or "leaky," allowing too much fluid to flow out through their walls. Next question Typically, at what age will a child begin developing "magical thinking" and engage in play acting? A patron at a restaurant suddenly jumps up and clutches his throat. You immediately ask whether he can speak. He just shakes his head "no." He appears unable to take a breath. You should identify the patient's airway as: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. inadequate. B. severely obstructed. C. adequate. D. mildly obstructed. - Answer✔✔A. inadequate. You have assessed a patient's mental status as not alert, and the patient's breathing has insufficient minute volume. Based on these findings, you assess this patient's breathing as requiring assistance. Of the four general situations requiring breathing assistance, if numbered 1 through 4 with 1 being most severe and 4 being least, this situation would rate a: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. 2. B. 3. C. 1. D. 4. - Answer✔✔A. 2. Which of the following conditions would adversely affect the accuracy of a pulse oximeter reading? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Hypoxia B. Carbon monoxide poisoning C. Pulmonary edema D. Pneumonia - Answer✔✔B. Carbon monoxide poisoning Which of the following will result from attempting to utilize a pulse oximeter on a patient who is anemic? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. The meter may provide a falsely high reading. B. The sensor will progress out of calibration. C. The monitor will provide a falsely low reading. D. The meter reading will become increasingly erratic. - Answer✔✔A. The meter may provide a falsely high reading. Obtaining a past medical history would LEAST involve what letter of the SAMPLE mnemonic? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. S B. E C. A D. P - Answer✔✔A. S Which of the following would you assess during the physical examination of the respiratory system? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Ankle edema B. Unusual breath odors C. Palpation of the abdomen D. Use of nitroglycerin - Answer✔✔A. Ankle edema In the traditional approach to diagnosis in medicine, what is the step that follows the differential diagnosis? Question content area bottom Part 1 B. conducting a physical exam. C. obtaining baseline vital signs. D. gathering a past medical history from the patient. - Answer✔✔A. a history of the present illness using a body-system approach. A 40-year-old male has cut his finger in an industrial accident. You perform the scene size-up, conduct a primary assessment, and determine his chief complaint. You should next: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. stabilize the neck and head. B. perform a rapid trauma assessment. C. perform a focused, on-scene examination. D. obtain a past medical history. - Answer✔✔C. perform a focused, on-scene examination. Two types of errors might be committed on a call: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. mental and physical. B. on the scene and during transport. C. medical and trauma. D. omission and commission. - Answer✔✔D. omission and commission. You were on a call involving ALS. It is likely that you will have to fill out which type of form to add to the PCR? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Special incident B. Patient refusal C. Triage D. Supplemental - Answer✔✔D. Supplemental Administrative information in the Department of Transportation's minimum data set includes the time when the: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. unit left the hospital after transferring care. B. EMT radioed the patient report to the hospital. C. unit was en route to the call. D. incident was reported. - Answer✔✔D. incident was reported. If a patient refusing care or transport also refuses to sign a refusal-of-care form, then you must: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. report the patient to the police. B. document this refusal as well. C. request medical direction to advise. D. fill out a special situation report. - Answer✔✔B. document this refusal as well. What is the difference between the patient information section of the minimum data set and the administrative information that is included on the minimum data set? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. The patient information is the chief complaint, and the administrative information is the EMS arrival time. B. The patient information includes the patient's address only, and the administrative section includes the trip times. C. Saline lock Your patient has stopped breathing but still has a pulse. You should immediately: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. request ALS. B. assist ventilations with bag-valve mask. C. question bystanders. D. start compressions. - Answer✔✔B. assist ventilations with bag-valve mask. A 71-year-old male complains of an acute onset of severe respiratory distress. He is anxious but alert, and states, "I feel like I am dying." His vital signs are P 122, R 40, BP 210/108. His pulse oximetry reads 89%. You would expect what finding with this patient? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. The use of accessory muscles to breathe B. Equal lung sounds on inspiration and exhalation C. Pale, cyanotic, or flushed skin D. Pursed lips or flared nostrils - Answer✔✔B. Equal lung sounds on inspiration and exhalation Which of the following would be a sign that a pediatric patient was in respiratory distress? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Decreased breathing effort B. Retracted muscles of breathing C. Flushed lips or mouth D. Slowed breathing - Answer✔✔B. Retracted muscles of breathing Why are nausea and vomiting a contraindication to CPAP? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. CPAP may cause an increased risk of aspiration. B. The corneas of the eyes may become dried. C. CPAP may lead to a pneumothorax. D. A nauseated person cannot tolerate the mask. - Answer✔✔A. CPAP may cause an increased risk of aspiration. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a form of what? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Noninvasive negative pressure ventilation B. Invasive negative pressure ventilation C. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation D. Invasive positive pressure ventilation - Answer✔✔C. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation A respiratory condition that was formerly prominent in children but is now more often found in adults is: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. chronic bronchitis. B. asthma. C. croup. D. epiglottitis. - Answer✔✔D. epiglottitis. The accumulation of fluid in the alveoli is known as: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. asthma. C. Congestive heart failure D. Coronary artery disease - Answer✔✔B. Acute coronary syndrome Which of the following is the most common site for an aneurysm leading to an emergency situation? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Jugular vein B. Brachial artery C. Femoral artery D. Aorta - Answer✔✔D. Aorta Although aneurysms can occur anywhere, the two most common locations for an aneurysm are the aorta and brain. An 80-year-old male is presenting with pedal edema, JVD, and dyspnea. You should suspect: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. dysrhythmia. B. congestive heart failure. C. pulmonary embolism. D. multi-system trauma. - Answer✔✔B. congestive heart failure. A 58-year-old male complains of shortness of breath and has very little energy. He normally leads a very sedentary lifestyle. You note that he has swelling in the abdomen and buttocks and has edema to his lower extremities. What is most likely his problem? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Angina pectoris B. An aortic aneurism C. Pulmonary embolism D. Congestive heart failure - Answer✔✔D. Congestive heart failure Which of the following issues is considered a mechanical failure of the heart that may lead to cardiac arrest? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Ventricular tachycardia B. Aortic valve stenosis C. Agonal breathing D. Asystole - Answer✔✔B. Aortic valve stenosis Which type of cardiac arrest is caused by conditions such as respiratory problems and shock? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Asphyxial cardiac arrest B. Commotio cordis C. Sudden cardiac arrest D. Agonal cardiac arrest - Answer✔✔A. Asphyxial cardiac arrest In which of the following dysrhythmias would it be most important to apply and engage an automatic external defibrillator? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Ventricular tachycardia B. Atrial tachycardia C. Pulseless electrical activity D. Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Manual defibrillator B. Monophasic defibrillator C. Biphasic defibrillator D. Public-access AED - Answer✔✔C. Biphasic defibrillator When caring for a patient who has a ventricular assist device, you should remember that even if the device is working properly: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. the patient will not have radial pulses but will have carotid pulses. B. the patient will have a lower-than-normal respiratory rate. C. the patient will have a higher-than-normal blood pressure. D. the patient will not have a pulse or blood pressure. - Answer✔✔D. the patient will not have a pulse or blood pressure. Which of the following is the best explanation of how dehydration leads to altered brain function? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Water is necessary to keep brain tissue hydrated. B. Water is necessary to remove waste products from the brain. C. Water is necessary for electrical signals to travel throughout the brain. D. Water is essential to keep the brain fully expanded. - Answer✔✔A. Water is necessary to keep brain tissue hydrated. Which of the following situations would most likely lead to hyperglycemia? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. A patient forgets to self-administer insulin. B. A patient fails to eat adequately after self-administering insulin. C. A patient self-administers too much insulin. D. A patient overexercises after self-administering insulin. - Answer✔✔A. A patient forgets to self-administer insulin. While assessing a patient using the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale, you note that the patient has acute-onset facial droop on the left side. This indicates: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. the likelihood that the patient experienced a seizure. B. a normal finding for older patients. C. that the patient had a previous stroke. D. a likelihood that the patient is experiencing a stroke. - Answer✔✔D. a likelihood that the patient is experiencing a stroke. A patient presenting with dizziness and a rapid heart rate may be experiencing: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. hypoglycemia. B. hypovolemia. C. cardiac dysrhythmia. D. vasovagal syncope. - Answer✔✔C. cardiac dysrhythmia. A 70-year-old male was sitting comfortably when he suddenly had a brief syncopal episode. His vital signs are P 46, R 20, BP 96/60, indicating a slow heart rate but normal respiration and a blood pressure that is not elevated. Which of the following do you suspect caused the syncopal episode? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Hypertension B. D. signs and symptoms of shock. - Answer✔✔D. signs and symptoms of shock. Asking a patient experiencing an allergic reaction about how the patient was exposed to the allergen involved typically happens during: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. reassessment. B. primary assessment. C. secondary assessment. D. taking baseline vital signs. - Answer✔✔C. secondary assessment. What effect does epinephrine have on the blood vessels? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Dilation Your answer is not correct. B. Perfusion C. Constriction D. Distension - Answer✔✔C. Constriction In a patient with a systolic BP below 90, what other sign, using SIRS criteria, would urge you to give the ED a sepsis alert? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. R 19 B. T 95.9°F C. T 100.2°F D. P 86 - Answer✔✔B. T 95.9°F For an infection of the skin to generalize to sepsis, what must there be? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Abdominal surgery B. A significant opening C. Meningitis D. Decubitus ulcers - Answer✔✔B. A significant opening Pertussis outbreaks have become more common in your state in recent years. If people express their concerns about this to you, what do you tell them? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. The disease can be prevented by vaccination. B. People should avoid places like homeless shelters, nursing homes, and jails. C. People should wear N-95 respirators daily as a precautionary measure. D. Antibiotics are the best means of prevention. - Answer✔✔A. The disease can be prevented by vaccination. For which disease would prevention efforts focus on proper hand hygiene and food-preparation techniques? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. AIDS B. Hepatitis B C. Hepatitis A D. Hepatitis C - Answer✔✔C. Hepatitis A A. Healthcare workers implemented appropriate steps and significantly reduced the number of people who became infected and ill. B. Information was disseminated to healthcare providers and institutions so that it could be implemented. C. Reports of outbreaks led to panic or near-panic states. D. National and international agencies worked diligently to discover the microbes that cause the disease. - Answer✔✔D. National and international agencies worked diligently to discover the microbes that cause the disease. Which of the following actions is the most important choice for a patient suffering from inhaled poisoning? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Administer high-concentration oxygen as soon as it is safely possible to do so. B. Identify the specific poison to which the patient was exposed, and ensure all bottles, containers, and appropriate labels are transported with the patient. C. Transport the patient with lights and sirens to the nearest appropriate facility. D. Perform a secondary assessment with vital signs. - Answer✔✔A. Administer high-concentration oxygen as soon as it is safely possible to do so. You are treating a patient who has inhaled a poison. Based on your findings in the primary assessment, you have inserted a nasopharyngeal airway and have begun high-concentration oxygen via nonrebreather mask. Next, you should: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. establish an open airway. B. gather the patient's history, take vital signs, and expose the chest for auscultation. C. contact medical direction. D. transport the patient. - Answer✔✔B. gather the patient's history, take vital signs, and expose the chest for auscultation. You respond to the scene of a construction site. On arrival, you find a female patient complaining of pain and irritation in both arms. You note a dry, powder-like substance all over her arms. Which of the following actions would be your first priority? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Contact poison control after identifying the powder substance that is on the patient. B. Irrigate with sterile water for at least 20 minutes. C. Brush the powder away and irrigate with sterile water for at least 20 minutes. D. Ensure that the patient's airway is patent and that she did not inhale any of the powder. - Answer✔✔D. Ensure that the patient's airway is patent and that she did not inhale any of the powder. Why are EMTs tempted to neglect proper treatment and care of a patient who is suffering from alcohol abuse? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. EMTs may disregard alcoholic patients because of their belligerent behavior or frequent calls to EMS. B. Caring for alcoholic patients takes time away from treating patients with more serious, life-threatening illnesses such as heart attacks or strokes. C. EMTs assume that alcoholics do not take their health seriously. D. Chronic drinkers do not call 911 for non-serious injuries or illness. - Answer✔✔A. EMTs may disregard alcoholic patients because of their belligerent behavior or frequent calls to EMS. A patient who has "huffed" a volatile chemical is likely to experience: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. a prolonged state of profound euphoria. B. immediate unconsciousness. C. an initial rush followed by depression of the central nervous system. D. visionary hallucinations followed by violent nausea. - Answer✔✔C. an initial rush followed by depression of the central nervous system. Many hallucinogens may be absorbed through: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. subcutaneous injection. Aggressive treatment with intravenous fluids - Answer✔✔D. Aggressive treatment with intravenous fluids Which of the following is a common cause of chronic renal failure? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Crush injuries B. Massive multiple-system trauma C. Blocked urinary catheter D. Diabetes - Answer✔✔D. Diabetes Your 14-year-old male patient has fallen off his bike and scraped his arm. The bleeding is dark red and oozing slowly. This type of bleeding is usually from damaged: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. venules. B. veins. C. capillaries. D. arteries. - Answer✔✔C. capillaries. You arrive on scene to an 8-year-old male patient who fell while skating. He is responsive but is lying down on the pavement. As you assess the patient, you notice abrasions with self-controlled bleeding located on both his knees. Based on your assessment, what type of external bleeding is this? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Non-significant B. Capillary C. Venous D. Arterial - Answer✔✔B. Capillary A wound under the skin that involves the collection of blood from injury to a large blood vessel is called a: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. concussion. B. contusion. C. crush injury. D. hematoma. - Answer✔✔D. hematoma. The structures within the dermis include: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. muscle cells. B. periosteum. C. sweat glands. D. adipose tissue. - Answer✔✔C. sweat glands. A movement of ribs in a flail segment that is opposite to the direction of movement of the rest of the chest cavity is called: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. flail chest. B. positive pressure ventilation. C. paradoxical motion. D. pneumothorax. - Answer✔✔C. paradoxical motion. Which of the following intracranial physiological events is most likely to occur in a patient with traumatic brain injury but not in a patient with nontraumatic brain injury? low-priority. C. stable. D. contaminated. - Answer✔✔D. contaminated. Where are automatic implanted cardiac defibrillators typically placed in patients who require one? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. In the lower left chest B. In the upper left chest C. In the lower right chest D. In the upper right chest - Answer✔✔B. In the upper left chest You are on an EMS standby for a boxing tournament. During one of the matches, one of the female boxers delivers a forcible uppercut to the chest of her opponent, who falls to the ground. The match is declared over on the basis of a TKO. However, the opponent fails to arise following a 1- to 2-minute interval. EMS is summoned to the ring. You find the patient pulseless and breathing agonal gasps. You suspect which of the following traumatic conditions? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Commotio cordis B. Tension pneumothorax C. Aortic dissection D. Cardiac tamponade - Answer✔✔Commotio cordis ALS personnel have just placed an advanced airway in an adult cardiac arrest patient. You should: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. deliver positive pressure ventilations at 10-12 breaths per minute. B. ventilate the patient at 12-20 breaths per minute. C. deliver two breaths after every 30 compressions. D. ventilate the patient twice after every 15 compressions. - Answer✔✔A. deliver positive pressure ventilations at 10-12 breaths per minute. Which of the following should be kept in mind when assessing and managing the airway of a pediatric patient? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. The trachea is easily obstructed by swelling. B. The tongue is not as likely to obstruct the airway as in an adult. C. Gastric distention is unlikely. D. Due to their short necks, pediatric patients require a greater degree of hyperextension to open the airway than do adults. - Answer✔✔A. The trachea is easily obstructed by swelling. You have been called to the scene of an 83-year-old woman with a high fever who reports chills and shortness of breath. She is tachypneic and showing signs of pain upon inspiration. You talk with her a bit and she seems confused and unaware of where she is, who she is, or who you are. Based on this presentation, the patient likely has: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. pertussis. B. croup. C. tuberculosis. D. pneumonia. - Answer✔✔D. pneumonia. A 26-month-old toddler is reported to have fallen and lacerated his chin. His mother did not witness the fall. As you proceed through your assessment, your partner reports that she's concerned about his heart rate, which she measures as 64. She's checked it twice. Your knowledge of normal vital signs for a patient this age suggests that his heart rate is: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. not reliable. B. too slow. All of the above - Answer✔✔C. Not all cardiac arrests are due to problems that respond to defibrillation. A 65-year-old male complains of acute-onset chest pain. He says that he is also nauseated and weak. You note that he is sweaty and slightly pale, and his vital signs are P 110, BP 84/60, R 24. His oxygen saturation is 95% on room air. You should first administer: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. a balloon angioplasty. B. 324 mg of aspirin. C. 0.4 mg of nitroglycerin. D. 12 lpm oxygen via nonrebreather mask. - Answer✔✔B. 324 mg of aspirin. Your patient has an altered mental status and is breathing 60 times per minute. You should: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. provide assisted ventilations at 10-12 breaths per minute. B. apply high-flow oxygen via nonrebreather mask. C. coach the patient to slow his breathing. D. provide assisted ventilations at a rate of 20-30 breaths per minute. - Answer✔✔D. provide assisted ventilations at a rate of 20-30 breaths per minute. For which of the following is there a vaccination? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. AIDS B. West Nile virus C. Hepatitis C D. Hepatitis B - Answer✔✔D. Hepatitis B When should the EMT initiate chest compressions on an infant? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Only when there is no brachial pulse B. When respirations are labored or gasping C. When the heart rate is below 60 beats per minute D. Anytime the heart rate is below 100 beats per minute - Answer✔✔C. When the heart rate is below 60 beats per minute You respond to a construction site on a very hot summer day for a person "not acting right." You find a 44-year-old male patient seated in a work vehicle with the air conditioner on maximum. Coworkers state the patient was working for the last 2 hours pouring concrete when he started "speaking gibberish" and nearly collapsed. The patient is responsive to verbal stimuli. Your initial vital signs are blood pressure 90/60, pulse 136, and respiratory rate 24. The patient's skin is cool to the touch and moist, and his shirt is wet with visible salt rings. You suspect: Question content area bottom Part 1 A. heat exhaustion. B. heat stroke. C. myocardial infarction. D. heat cramps. - Answer✔✔A. heat exhaustion. Which of the following is a component of Cushing reflex? Question content area bottom Part 1 A. Increased cerebral perfusion B. Decreased heart rate C. Decreased blood pressure D. Decreased intracranial pressure - Answer✔✔B. Decreased heart rate