Medical Terminology and Concepts, Exams of Nursing

Download Medical Terminology and Concepts and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! (Final) ANCC Exam Questions with correct answers Q: risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke? C: a fib, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, carotid stenosis - Answer A: hypertension HTN - most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhages chronic htn --> microaneurysms of arteries --> leaky/ruptured arteries --> stroke Q: gestational age when fundus felt at pubic symphysis? C: 12, 16, 20, 22 weeks - Answer A: 12 weeks at pubic symphysis 20 weeks at umbilicus 36 weeks at xiphoid process Q: boys misses school often, complains of abdominal pain, stained underwear is noticed? A: constipation, depression, pinworms - Answer constipation family theory systems - Answer individuals are best understood in the context of their families families are best understood when they are viewed as a whole unit, interdependence between members creates cohesiveness and an equilibrium all parts are interrelated and dependent on each other if one part is damaged, affects the whole family cranial nerve 12: name and function - Answer hypoglossal stick out tongue Q: which rash needs treatment within 72 hours and why? C: impetigo, cleft lip, herpes zoster, eczema - Answer herpes zoster (shingles) acyclovir most effective when started within 72 hours after the shingles rash appears 11 year old with completed childhood vaccines needs which vaccinations? - Answer meningo, HPV x 2, Tdap, Influenza A: diabetes med group that increases intestinal absorption of glucose and decreases post BG? C: DPP-4, GLP-1, SGLT-2, biguanide - Answer A: GLP-1 stimulates insulin release decreases glucagon slows gastric emptying roseola (6th): HV6, high fever --> small pink raised bumps on trunk then extremity scabies: severely itchy red-brown vesiculopapular lesions with burrows Q: 15 y/o male with annular, maculopapular, pruritic hypopigmented rash on trunk area, no fever or adenopathy; what is the rash? C: contact dermatitis, tinea versicolor, scabies, lyme disease - Answer tinea versicolor Q: kid with high fever that breaks in 3 days, then abrupt rash appears 1-3 days C: 5th dz, 6th dz, rubella - Answer A: 6th disease: roseola infantum 5th disease: erythema infectiosum: slapped cheek rash followed by lacy rash Q: 9 mo. old born preterm at 32 weeks, still has palmar grasp, next action? C: refer to neuro, refer to ortho, check DTR/muscle, nothing/normal - Answer A: refer to neurology persistence of the reflex beyond 6 months is usually present in spastic cerebral palsy corrected gestation age = 36 w - 8 = 28 w = 7 mo. palmar grasp normally disappears at 3-4 months 15 mo. old toilet training and parents are spanking, toilet training not working; what is rule of thumb? - Answer do not start in times of stress day time control by 2 years night time control by 3 years full control with no accidents by 4 years 10 y/o recommended TV and computer time? - Answer less than 2 hours diabetic retinopathy image - Answer microaneurysms neovascularizations Q: recurrent otitis media and with choleastoma - next step? C: monitor, treat with antibiotics, refer to ENT, surgery - Answer A: surgery prevent CN 8 damage and deafness cholesteatoma: skin cyst behind ear r/t poor eustachian tube function Q: what to assess in a child with complications related to frequent otitis media? C: refer for hearing test, tympanic membrane/otoscope assessment - Answer refer for audiometry and hearing test should respond to name by 6-9 mo. Q: comparing HbA1c data with other hospitals/organizations - term? C: core competency, risk analysis, peer review, benchmarking - Answer benchmarking compare performance within an organization (by a physician or department or over time) hospital-based quality improvement project, APRN reviewing colleague's 4 charts/month to ensure diabetes protocols are met - process called? core competency, force field analysis, peer review, risk analysis - Answer peer review diagnosis and management of cough, runny nose, malaise, no fever or adenopathy - Answer common cold (viral rhinitis or URI) rest, hydrate, OTC meds no antibiotics community acquired pneumonia- diagnostic test? - Answer chest x ray rule out bacterial (lobar), viral (infiltrates), aspiration (diffuse/localized) strep pneumoniae gram + - macrolides (mycin) Q: 40 y/o executive male with no disease, complains of impotence upon waking aggravated by activity heberden image of hand - Answer pregnancy category x drugs - Answer methotrexate warfarin (Heparin is ok) isotretinoin (Vit A derivative) DES thalidomide live vaccines: MMR, varicella, rota, flumist influenza nasal spray - Answer nasal spray vaccine = live attenuated can be given to healthy, non-pregnant, 2-49 y/o contraindications: aspirin meds, h/o wheezing, immunosuppressed, no spleen, antiviral medication use, chronic diseases negative hepatitis immunity in pregnant woman, correct action? get hep b vaccine, wait till pregnancy ends, nothing, - Answer get hep b vaccine pregnancy is not a contraindication 3 doses: 1st, 1 mo after, 6 mo after fluoroquinolone adverse effect - Answer achilles tendon rupture lyme disease - initial presentation joint pain, fatigue, erythema migran - Answer erythema migrans Q: carbuncle management - pick 3 C: antibiotics, I&D, culture - Answer I&D culture systemic AB (usually staph bacteria) Q: benefit of losing weight for females with PCOS? C: decrease endometrial cancer risk, decrease cervical cancer risk, decrease breast cancer risk, regulate menstrual cycles - Answer regulate menstrual cycle improve fertility post-menopausal vaginal changes - pick 3 dry and thin labia, bleeding introitus, strawberry cervix, vaginal pH 6, s/s of vaginosis or trichomoniasis, shrunken clitoral hood - Answer dry thin labia shrunken clitoral hood pH of 6 = alkalosis (N 3.8-4.5) 19 y/o male with negative cremasteric reflex indicates? - Answer testicular torsion Q: male with cystitis is at increased risk for? A: epididymitis, inguinal hernia, prostate cancer, UTI - Answer epididymitis bacteria goes up urethra --> reaches epididymis colon cancer risk factors- A: 2nd degree relative, 1st degree relative with, IBD, Crohns - Answer age > 50 family hx cancer or polyps IBD: crohn's or ulcerative colitis high fat, high processed meats low fiber smoke/alcohol no exercise/obesity BPH first line treatment - Answer alpha blockers : relaxes bladder neck muscles in prostate to ease urination tamsulosin (flomax), doxazosin GERD can't afford pantoprazole (nexium) and drinks alcohol before bed pick 3: elevate head of bed, avoid eat/drink 3 hours before bed, OTC tums, prescribe h2 receptor blockers, small frequent meals - Answer 1. dietary/lifestyle changes 2. antacids or sucralfate low self esteem, coping, altered thinking of developmental changes - Answer negative HBsAg, negative anti-HBs : next step? give hep b vaccine, give hep C, give hep A - Answer which lab to check for xanthelasma? - Answer lipid panel patient non-fasted before lipid labs, results are abnormal- what is next step? re-do labs and fast, give statin - Answer DEXA score 2 SD lower than normal - dx? - Answer osteopenia (SD -1 to -2.5) normal (SD 1 or -1) osteoporosis (SD > -2.5) 40 y/o female 1 SD of DEXA - next action? give estrogen drug raloxifene, check DEXA annually - Answer normal check DEXA annually osteoporosis education weight bearing exercises such as walking, vitamin D fruit/veg, calcium supplements 300 mg - Answer GERD hx, increasingly hard to swallow now - next step? upper endoscopy, chest xray, abdominal ultrasound, CT - Answer upper endoscopy - r/o barrets esophagitis herb that helps with urine flow - Answer saw palmetto diagnostic test for appendicitis - Answer abdominal ultrasound Q: breastfeeding mother concerned that baby may not be feeding enough- what do you advise? C: feeding 6x day, check for 6 dirty diapers, supplement with formula, refer to lactation specialist - Answer check for 3-4 stools/day bilateral vesicoureteral reflux - next step? refer for immediate surgery, expect renal compromise - Answer urine flows backward from the bladder to ureters and sometimes to the kidneys increases the risk of urinary tract infections most children don't have long-term problems, may outgrow primary vesicoureteral reflux treatment, medication or surgery, aims at preventing kidney damage which needs referral? 11 y/o coarse pubic hair 13-14 y/o without pubic hair 4 y/o with pubic hair 3 day old infant with minimal vaginal bleeding - Answer 4 y/o pubic hair late puberty: >12G, >14B precocious: <8G, <9B elderly abuse noticed - next step? - Answer report to protective services 70 y/o female lost her spouse, shows depressed s/s for 6 weeks (low energy, no hobbies) - next step? - Answer health belief model - Answer health behavior theory a person will be more likely to practice a health habit if they believe their health is threatened - Answer