Medical Terminology and Concepts, Exams of Medicine

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NCCAOM Biomedicine board

examination test

Warfarin - answer extrinsic pathway, inhibit synthesis of vet k, not in pregnancy Heparin - answer intrinsic pathway, activate ant thrombin, used in pregnancy also Advil side effect - answer renal problem, not before and after surgery (anti platelet, so bleeding) Hypertensive urgency vs hypertensive emergency - answer emergency: end organ damage (kidney, bleeding, brain, pupil edema, EKG) Urgency: headache, chest pain, no end organ damage) Confirm prostate cancer with ... - answer biopsy, not PSA Nerves related with eye movement - answer 3, 4, 6 so (superior oblique: 4), or (lateral rectus: 6), 3 others Brzezinski’s Test - answer for meningitis, severe neck stiffness causes a patient's hips and knees to flex when the neck is flexed. Addison’s sexes - answer dark pigmented skin, fatigue Cause of Addison’s - answer def. of adrenal's hormones Conn’s syndrome - answer excessive aldosterone due to adrenal tumor Kerning’s six - answer positive when the thigh is flexed at the hip and knee at 90 degree angles, and subsequent extension in the knee is painful (leading to resistance). Meningitis test Risk factor of COPD - answer smoking Cop - answer emphysema, chronic bronchitis Obstructive pulmonary disease vs restrictive pulmonary disease - answer obstructive like asthma, restrictive like sarcoidosis Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - answer not asthma

Uterine bleeding post menopause - answer cancer Most risk factor for osteoporosis - answer smoking Smoking risk factor for - answer COPD, AAA, osteoporosis, hen, Atorvastatin side effect - answer myalgia HMG coal reductase inhibitor side effect - answer myalgia HMG coal reductase inhibitors - answer statins Fish oil - answer decrease triglyceride not LD. How to increase hell - answer exercise When BP falls, kidney release... - answer renin Menorrhagia vs metrohagia - answer menorrhagia: excessive menstruation can cause iron def. anemia Metrohagia: irregular, frequent bleeding Sob on supine, edema of legs, fatigue - answer CHF DVT can cause - answer PE Medication for high cholesterol - answer statins Muscle injury evaluated by ... - answer MRI MRI for - answer soft tissues: spine, brain, joint Excessive licorice increase urinary excretion of - answer potassium Pre-eclampsia+ seizure - answer eclampsia Tongue, what nerve - answer 12, hypoglossal for control (move) tongue Taste 7 for 2/ 9 for post 1/ Conductive hearing loss vs sensory hearing loss - answer conductive: cerumen Sensory: presbycusis Most common site of epistaxis - answer ant Epistaxis ant vs post - answer ant visible

Post not visible Most common cause of nose bleeding - answer external trauma (nose picking) Kisselback’s plexus Epistaxis TX - answer nasal packing
Silver nitrate (burning) Flat, less than 0.5 cm diameter - answer Flat - answer macula Patch Elevated, palpable - answer papal Plaque Elevated, fluid filled - answer vesicle Bullae Macula vs patch in size - answer macula less than 0.5 cm Patch more than 0.5 cm Papules vs plaque size - answer papal less than 0. Plaque more than پالک طال بزرگه Vesicle vs bullae size - answer vesicle less than 0. Psoriasis - answer silvery scaly, extensors, arthritis Extensor surface vs flexor surface - answer extensor (psoriasis) vs flexor (atopic dermatitis=eczema) Detox for acetaminophen - answer NAC (N acetyl cysteine) Kaiser Fleischer ring - answer Wilson (copper overload) Bronze pigmentation - answer Adison’s Hematochromasis Systemic lupus (SLE) - answer butterfly rash, arthritis, ANA + RA or OA - answer rheumatoid arthritis vs osteoarthritis Morning stiffness: RA: 60 min OA: <30 min RA: autoimmune, symmetry Gout - answer uric acid

Meat, alcohol Wernicke vs Korsakov syndrome - answer Wernicke reversible Korsakov irreversible Wernicke Korsakov due to - answer vet b1 (thiamin def.) Due to alcohol abuse Medical emergency TX: thiamin Wernicke encephalopathy - answer ataxia, confusion, Ophthalmoplegia (paralysis or weakness of the eye muscles) Korsakov psychosis (amnesia) - answer confabulation, impaired short term memory Nerve 1 - answer olfactory (smell) sensory Nerve 12 - answer tongue (hypoglossal), movement Nerve 2 - answer optic, sensory 3, 4, 6 - answer pure motor Oculomotor - answer 3 Trochlear - answer nerve 4 Nerve 5 how many branches Nerve 7 how many branches - answer 5 3 branches 7 5 branches Abdicant - answer 6 Oculomotor - answer 3 Vestibulocochlear - answer 8 Semicircular canals cochlear - answer semicircular for balance Cochlear for hearing Both are sensory Glossopharyngeal - answer 9 both sensory and motor Vague - answer 10 both s and m Connect most of organs: hot, lug, spa, kid, clone, set, lv, parasympathic Taste vallecular, epiglottis)

Accessory - answer 11, SCM, trapezius motor Cranial nerves (pure motor) - answer 3,4,6,11, Pure sensory - answer 1, 2, 8 Other nerves - answer mixed s and m Parasympathetic - answer 7 (parasympathetic of salivary glands: submandibular and sublingual) 9 (parasympathetic of parotic glands) , 10 parasympathetic for lots of organs , 3 Trigeminal - answer v1 ophthalmic V2 maxillary V3 mandibular motor to muscles of mastication Vestibular nerve - answer position Trigeminal - answer v1 s V2 s V3 s, m (mastication) Parasympathic for most bad - answer 10 Parasympathetic for submandibular, sublingual, lacrimal glands - answer 7 Rickets in children Osteomalacia in adults - answer vet d def. ...take ca to bone ca from bone to blood - answer vet d From bone to blood: parathyroid Water soluble - answer back Fat soluble - answer A, D, E, and K k - answer stop bleeding Warfarin=coma dine - answer inhibit vet k Roam shots at ...weeks - answer 28 weeks

Vs. dormant in ...nerve - answer dorsal root nerve Complication of neuroglia - answer post herpetic neuralgia which is painful Slow grow, rarely metastasis - answer basal cell carcinoma Precursor of sac - answer actinic keratosis Risk factor for skin cancer - answer sun Erectile dysfunction (organic) - answer endocrine (DM) Vascular (atherosclerosis) Neurologic (stroke) Exogenous (SSRI, Beta blocker) Rock hard prostate - answer cancer Testicular torsion - answer doper ultrasound, decreased blood flow Preen six - answer relief of pain when support scrotum Cremastric reflex in? - answer cemastric reflex present in epididymitis No reflex in testicular torsion Testicular torsion - answer no preen six, no cremaster reflex 27 m, right testicular pain, swelling, fever - answer epidimitis Epidymitis - answer both preen six and cremaster reflex present Fever - answer a fever in Celsius is a temperature greater than 38 degrees, or the equivalent of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit. Colonoscopy screening - answer start at 50, every 10 year Mammography for breast - answer age 50, every 2 year Age 40, every year Pop smear for cervical cancer - answer from 21-75 every 3 year Every 5 y, if pop smear+HPV CRP If positive pop smear do colposcopy and biopsy Osteoporosis screen - answer DEXA scan in women more than 65 every 2 year Sooner if menopausal woman at risk osteoporosis fox AAA screening - answer 65-75 men, who ever smoked

Ultrasound, one time screening Surgery AAA - answer more than 5.5 عددهای مشابه Ischemic heart disease - answer male More than 65 Family history Hen Smoking Hyperlipidemia DM Stable angina vs unstable angina - answer chest pain better with rest, nitroglycerin: stable Most specific test for acute MI - answer troponin I Highest sensitivity and specificity Reinforce test - answer CK-MB HTN - answer >140/90 3 times Hen - answer idiopathic (primary) 95 % weight, diet Secondary Secondary hen due to - answer Cushing Conn’s And etc. not important Chronic kid disease OCP OBSTRUCTIVE sleep apnea Hen medication - answer A ACE inhibitor B beta blocker C calcium channel blocker D diuretic Decrease risk of neural tube defect - answer float B وگرنه بچه ففول می شه و کامل باشه، یکی کم می شه 10 به جای اینکه i pad - answer pia arachnoid dura: meninges herbs - answer valerian insomnia %والله بیخوابی saw palmeto enlarged prostate دیدم st john's wort depression

milk thistle liver شیره صفراوی subarachnoid hemorhage - answer trauma, berry anurism, abrupt onset, intensly painful, thunderclap, epidural hematoma - answer truma, lucid interval, biconvex lens shape brain stem is - answer CNS peripheral nerveous system - answer somatic اختیاری autonomic sympathetic parasympathetic - answer peripheral nervous system parasympathetic - answer rest and digest Sympthetic - answer dilate bronchi Pupil dilate Post pituitary - answer u and u: urine (ADH for kid tubules), uterus/ breast (oxytocin) Ovulation - answer surge of LH and FSH, estrogen But not progesterone پر رو Hypersensitivity type Type 2 Type 3 Type 4 - answer type 1 Allergy (immediate) Immunoglobulin (antibody): if E, mucus membrane Type 2 Type 3 Type 4: Delayed-type hypersensitivity (poison ivy, pod test) The only AB can cross placenta - answer if G (girl) If G If A If M If EST - answer if G, most common, cross placenta If A local protection on mucus If M first ab when infection, acute If E immediate, hypersensitivity e, eosinophil, allergy PANICS - answer P palpitation A bad distress

N nausea, I intense fear of death C chest pain, chills, choking S sweating, shaking, SOB Agoraphobia - answer in some panic cases Fear of being in open or public places Unhappy triad - answer ACL: ant cruciate MCL: medial collateral Medial meniscus Melatonin secreted by - answer pineal gland Tachycardia - answer more than 100 Bisphosphonate inhibit ... - answer osteoclastic activity Hyperparathyroidism - answer Parathyroid - answer bone to blood Calcium Hyper parathyroid complication - answer osteopenia, osteoporosis Nephrolithiasis =kid stone Most common in children - answer ACUTE VS Chronic leukemia - answer acute: fast growing Chronic: slow growing Leukemia - answer children: ALL acute lymphocytic most common leukemia in children 20-40: AML: acute myelogenous in previous chemo 40-60: chronic myelogenous in previous radiation More than 65: chronic lymphocytic most common adult leukemia 4 y, leg pain, fatigue, testicular enlargement - answer ALL Celiac disease - answer flattening/loss of villi Malabsorption with chronic diarrhea steatorrhea (similar to chronic pancreatitis) سلیاک این بو رو می ده weight loss Dermatitis herpetiform Celiac TX - answer gluten free diet

Gluten in - answer wheat, rye, barely, Honey colored, crusted lesion - answer impetigo Impetigo Erysipelas Cellulitis Necrotizing fasciitis - answer impetigo: epidermis epidermis Erysipelas: infection of upper dermis dermis Cellulitis: entire dermis subcutaneous fat subcutaneous fat Necrotizing fasciitis: subcutaneous fat+facia facial Infection of dermis and subcutaneous fat Warm, erythematous, tender skin - answer cellulitis Repeated excoriation of extremities lead to - answer MRSA cellulitis ...resistant to antibiotic - answer MRSA: Methicillin (type of penicillin) resistant staph aureus MRSA - answer nosocomial Weak immunogen patients HPV - answer 6, 11 genital wart 16, 18 cervical cancer HSV - answer HSV1 ORAL, cold sore HSV 2 genital Risk factor for cervical cancer - answer HPV 16, 18 TOBACOO Genital war - answer HPV 6, 11 Incontinence - answer stress: intra bad pressure (sneezing,) Incontinence - answer Urge incontinence due to an overactive bladder. Detrusor muscle hyperreflexia, oxybutynin Stress incontinence due to poor closure of the bladder. Overflow incontinence due to either poor bladder contraction or blockage of the urethra WBC - answer granular neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil

Granular lymphocyte, monocyte Web types - answer NEVER LET MONKEYS EAT BANANAS Neutrophil Lymphocyte Monocyte Eosinophil Basophil Macrophage is - answer monocyte Action: phagocytosis Phagocytosis - answer monocyte Neutrophil Eosinophil for - answer allergic reaction Parasite Allergic reaction - answer eosinophil If E Basophil - answer for inflammation banana باعث التهاب می شه humoral and cellular immunity - answer lymphocyte B cell: humoral t cell : cell سلول صلیبی the biggest - answer monocyte phagosit PQRST - answer p: depolarization of atrium Qtrs. depolarization of ventricle T: repolarization of ventricle Statin= - answer HMG coal reductase inhibitor Decrease cholesterol side effect: myalgia مثل ب که بدن درد داره Pitutary - answer ant produce and release GH, prolactin, endorphins Post store and release comes Acetaminophen - answer HEPATOTOXIC Corpus luteum - answer a hormone-secreting structure that develops in an ovary after an ovum has been discharged but degenerates after a few days unless pregnancy has begun.

AIDS CD4 - answer CD4 less than 200 LH rise trigger - answer ovulation and development of corpus luteum Beta blocker - answer reduce heart rate For social anxiety Biceps Brachioradialis Triceps Patella Achilles - answer biceps: c5 5 تن آل عبا brachioradialis: c6 شبیه ولی طوالنی تر triceps: c Patella: l4 14 معصوم Achilles: s1 تکه Look - answer beta blocker REDUCE HR, FORCE OF HEART, FOR HTN, BEFORE SPEECH Blast Cite - answer not mature yet Cite: mature, specialized Plasma - answer plasma 55 Cell RBC, WBC, PLATLET): 45 MCV - answer mean corpuscular (cell) volume Microcytic Normocytic Macrocytic - answer microcytic <80 iron def. Normocytic 80- Macrocytic>100 folic acid (b9) def., b12 def., drug toxicity Cholesterol bad and good - answer HDL 60 LDL 100 TOTAL cholesterol must be less than 200 Triglyceride - answer must be less than 150 Statin (Lipitor) - answer decrease LDL Increase HDL - answer exercise

For triglyceride - answer omega 3 (fatty acid) Hematochromosis vs Wilson disease - answer hematoch, iron overload, " bronze skin due to high blood sugar: bronze diabetes" middle age occasion men Wilson copper overload Pseudomembranous colitis - answer in clostridium deficit Chantix for - answer nicotine addition Marijuana (THC) - answer euphoria, slow sense of time شبیه... Opioid - answer pupillary constriction, euphoria, cans depression, apathy, nausea/vomiting, constipation, respiratory depression (life threatening if overdose) LSD - answer anxiety, depression, delusion, visual hallucination, pupillary dilation LSD FOR HALLICUNATION, DELUSION PCP (phencyclidine hydrochloride) - answer makes person crazy primary care physician Psychosis Violence Impulsiveness Psychometry agitation Belligerence Amphetamine, cocaine - answer psychomotor agitation, impaired judgement, tachycardia, diaphoresis, hen, yang sexes, arteria, hallucination, seizure, sudden death SUDDEN DEATH, YANG EXCESS Caffeine diuresis? - answer block ADH (anti diuretic hormone) Nicotine - answer in toxicity restlessness, insomnia, anxiety Withdrawal irritability, HA, weight gain, craving But not diuresis (caffeine) Alcohol - answer impaired judgement Emotional liability Slurred speech Ataxia

Aggression Withdrawal: tremor, tachycardia, hypertension Questionnaire for alcohol use disorder - answer CAGE C cut down An annoyed G guilty E eye opener Questioner for suicide - answer SAD PERSONS Questionnaire for cognitive function - answer MMSE MINI Mental state exam Egg, lazier Egg, clock drawing test Cree - answer Sig e caps questionnaire for - answer depression Cervical cancer screen - answer 21 or 3 y after first sex Vaccine just and just for - answer HEP A, B Not others Abrupt? - answer fecal orals HEP A, E NO Chronic - answer hip A E CHRONIC - answer HEP B HEP C Incubation - answer HEP A 15- B 45- C 14- D UNKNOWN E 15- Danger in pregnancy - answer hip E Which more chronic - answer C>B

Depression - answer appetite more/less Sleep more/less Psychomotor agitation/retardation Most common childhood psychiatry disorder - answer ADHD Autism - answer can have normal intellectual but impaired social interaction Tic example - answer Tourette’s Autism vs ADHD - answer autism recognized by age 2 ADHD present before 12 Tic - answer type (motor or phonic) and duration of tics (sudden, rapid, no rhythmic movements) ALS - answer both upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron Upper motor sexes - answer spa city Weakness

• Babinski Lower motor - answer muscle atrophy Fasciculation ALS - answer amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Helminthic infection - answer parasite Worm Eosinophil Neutrophil for - answer bacteria Basophil - answer allergy? Eosinophil - answer parasite Allergy Asthma Megaloblastic anemia - answer mcv > Macrocytic anemia - answer megaloblastic Non megaloblastic

Pernicious anemia - answer intrinsic factor from parietal cells of stomach Absorption of vet B12 in ileum ایلیا A megaloblastic anemia Pernicious anemia due to - answer loss of parietal cells Megaloblastic - answer float (b9) def. b12 def. Crown’s what part - answer ileum mostly ایلیا So can have pernicious anemia Speed’s test - answer bicipital tendonitis Normal BMI - answer 18- height/weight به توان دو Pupilaary reaction nerves - answer 2 optic 3 oculomotor 25-30 - answer overweight More than 30 - answer obese Hunchback - answer kyphosis Swayback - answer lordosis Night blindness - answer vet a def. Night blindness, damage to cornea, dry or cracked skin - answer vet a def. Hemorrhage, rare except in newborn infants - answer vet k def. Wernicke Korsakov due to - answer alcohol abuse Dry beriberi, wet beriberi Wernicke Korsakov - answer b1 (thiamin) def. Berry berry - answer weight loss, emotional disturbance, impaired sensory reception, weakness and pain in limbs, edema Scurvy - answer vet c def. Weakness, anemia, bruising, bleeding gums, loose teeth - answer scurvy

More like spa not holding blood Guy pi tang B9 vs b12 - answer b 9 folic acid B12 cobalamin Dermatitis+dementia+diarhea - answer pellagra (b3 def.) 3 پالک مرگ AST ALT - answer AST=SGOT ALT=SGPT LP ...MORE specific - answer ALT AST: ALT =2:1 - answer Alcoholic liver disease CPR - answer compression Airway Breathing Beta agonist for asthma Acute asthma exacerbation - answer albuterol Relax bronchial smooth muscle So during acute exacerbtiondi Diphenhydramine - answer H1 BLOCKER first generation Loratadin - answer second generation Guaifenesin - answer expectorant Pannonia - answer acute inflammation of lung Lung cancer sexes - answer cough, hemoptysis Bronchial obstruction Wheezing "Coin lesion" in X ray or "non calcified nodule" in CT Sleep apnea - answer at least 5 times per hour Dx: poly sonography

- answer breath with C PAP Sleep apnea - answer central from brain stem

Obstructive locally obstructed due to obesity Obstructive lung disease - answer emphysema Chronic bronchitis Asthma برونشکتازی Blue bloater - answer bbbbbbronchitis chronic SLEEP apnea f or m - answer m Emphysema - answer pink puffer Enlargement of air spaces Decreased elasticity of air sac Menopause - answer hot flash Again atrophy Osteoporosis Coronary artery di Sleep disturbance Increased FSH Plasma - answer 91% water PR: albumin, globulin, fibrinogen (clot) Klinfelter vs turner syndrome - answer klinfelter 47xxy, phenotype: male but some f character 45mx0 but losing some female charestrictics like amenorrhea Mother rah -, fetus rah + - answer anti rah Ig G In second pregnancy: erythroblastosis fatalism TX: roam shot in 28 weeks DOWN EDWARD PATAU - answer DOWN: TRISOMY 21 DRINKING AGE EDWARD TRSIOMY 18 election age PATAU TRISOMY 13 puberty age Roam= - answer Rho (D) immune globulin ABO RH - answer ABO Ig M RH IG G CD4 - answer HELPER T cell

HIV to AIDS - answer if one or more opportunistic infection, regardless of CD4 count T cell - answer cellular immunity CD4, CD 8 B cell - answer humoral cell Memory cell, plasma cell Secret antibody T lymphocyte vs B lymphocyte - answer T lymphocyte and B Both originate from bone marrow B mature in bone marrow also B مشابه T mature in thymus T T T vs B - answer T inside cell, attack invaders inside cell B outside cell, attack invaders outside of cell Cd 4 vs cd 8 - answer cd 4: helper Cd 8: cytotoxic Hiatal hernia - answer diaphragm hernia Direct inguinal hernia vs indirect inguinal - answer MD LIE M medial to inf. epigastric artery Direct L lateral to inf. epigastric artery Indirect Indirect inguinal hernia more - answer infants غیر مستقیم بچه اش Femoral hernia in - answer female direct inguinal hernia more in - answer older men مستقیم به مرگ می رند just ...is in female, others in men - answer just femoral hernia in female Inguinal hernia in men Digestion of ...only starts from mouth - answer carbohydrate Set just for digestion of - answer PR Carbohydrate digestion - answer mouth salivary amylase Set no Is from pancreases (amylase), is (maltase) Is - answer DJI DEUDENUM

PR digestion - answer mouth no Set pepsin Is pancreases: trypsin, is (peptidase Fat digestion - answer mouth no Set no From is pancreases (lipase) Ligament of treats= - answer suspensory ligament Between delude and joke Upper go bleeding Vs Lowe go - answer treats ligament Above pectinate line, not painful - answer internal hemorrhoid Above and below pectinate line - answer internal and external hemorrhoid Internal hemorrhoid vs external hemorrhoid - answer internal above pectinate line, not painful (receive visceral innovation) External below, painful (receive somatic innervation_ First, do not harm - answer non-maleficence مخرب Beneficence - answer the practitioner the best benefits of patient Parent consent is not necessary - answer sex contraception, STD, pregnancy Drug addiction Rock and roll trauma, emergency Married ones Self-supporting, no parents Military These are exceptions for less than 18 y old 1-44 death - answer unintentional injury Below 1 you - answer congenital malformation 45-64 - answer cancer More than 65 - answer hot disease Prevention - answer primary prevent disease occurrence vaccination Secondary screening early for disease: pop smear

Tertiary: TX to reduce disability from disease Cell cycle - answer interphase: G1 S G2 Mitosis SNOW DROP - answer S southern Dan N north Ran O W western PR 90 % of epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis outbreak - answer Noro virus Major cause of diarrhea in US in infants during winter - answer Rota virus rotation داره و همه رو مبتال می کنه رو رویک 50 % all foodborne outbreak of gastro enteritis Winter vomiting - answer Noro virus HAART (highly active anti-retroviral therapy) - answer for HIV HAART if AIDS CD 4 <500 HIGH VIRAL LOAD Mumps - answer par otitis, orchitic, meningitis MMR vaccine - answer mumps, measles (rubella) 9 DAYS, German measles (rubella) 3 DAYS Mumps measles German measles Epidemic par otitis rubella rubella - answer Measles - answer 4 c Coria Colic spots Cough Conjunctivitis Descending rash Measles vs German measles - answer measles 9 days German measles 3 day المانی ها سریع german measles - answer rubella umbrella

Red measles - answer measles TORCH - answer mother to fetus One of them: rubella المانی TORCH - answer T toxoplasma O R rubella چتر واسه فرود جنین در بدن مادر C H most common bacterial STI - answer STI: sexual transmitted infection chlamidia کال هستش این قدر که شایعه most common STI - answer HPV % ویروسه از همه شایع ترهبا اینکه همون که دو مدلش باعث سرطان هم می شد بعدش HSV innate immunity vs adaptive - answer innate: non specific, memory absence , rapid (minute to hours) , monocyte, notrophil, macrophage adaptive: highly specific, memory present, slow (at least few days), t cell, b cell, circulating ab VAGINITIS - answer BACTERIAL bad smell ph alkaline, clue cells, graywhite, just treat patient TRICHOMONA (protozoa) تیپ بوی بد می ده bad smell, yello green frothy ph alkaline, motile (flagellated), strawberry petechia, treat partner CANDIDA (yeast, fungus) no smell, thick white, curdy texture (cotton cheese), ph normal, microscope (none), just treat patient reflexes - answer 0 no reflex 1 decreased 2 normal دو نفر بودن 3 brisker 4 clonus CRP - answer 30:2 if single or 2 child and infant 15:2 if 2 Bordetella pertussis - answer whooping cough RBC - answer life: 120 days

Sickle cell anemia: life span of RBC - answer shorter 12 days Anemia Platelets - answer 5-10 days Renin angiotensin aldosterone system - answer Renin from kidney - answer Angiotensinogen from liver - answer ACE from lung - answer Angiotensinogen convert to angiotensin 1 by renin - answer Angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2 by ACE - answer Aldosterone - answer reabsorb an ANGIOTENSIN 2 works: increase aldosterone, constrict blood vessel, increase sympathetic and etc. to increase high blood pressure - answer Renin angiotensin aldosterone system - answer RAAS PRIL - answer ACE inhibitor Lisinopril Captopril Enalopril Side effects? - answer dry cough Statin side effect - answer myalgia=muscle pain Angiotensin ii actions - answer increase sympathetic Increase aldosterone secretion Increase NA reabsorption Increase vasoconstriction Randy Travis drink cold beer - answer root truck division cord branches Ant drawer test vs Lachman’s test - answer PCL test - answer post drawer test ACL test ant cruciate ligament کرو - answer ant drawer test

Lachman test is true also (more liable and sensitive) Meniscus tear - answer Murray test Pain on external rotation McMorran test Pain on internal - answer medial meniscus Internal: lateral Between duodenum and jejunum - answer treat ligament Fistula in - answer crown Cholelitiasis - answer f Fat 40 Fertile Radiate to right subscapular Postprandial Ultrasonic Biliary colic: result from transient cystic duct blockage from impacted stone Cholelitiasis - answer postprandial pain Pain after eating Cholelithiasis vs cholecystitis - answer cholecystitis: Fever, leukocytosis Murphy Acute pancreatitis vs chronic one - answer Acute pancreatitis - answer auto digestion of pancreas by pancreas enzymes Causes of acute pancreatitis - answer GET SMASHED G gallstone E ethanol T trauma Lab test acute pancreatitis - answer high lipase (more specific) High amylase Main cause of chronic pancreatitis - answer alcohol

Bad pain radiate to back - answer acute pancreatitis epigastric AAA lower umbilicus, lower More sever on supine position Wants to lean forward - answer acute pancreatitis Go to emergency But chronic pancreases no emergency room Cause of chronic pancreatitis in children - answer cystic fibrosis Triad for chronic pancreatitis - answer DM (high glucose) Steatorrhea (smelly, oily stool) CT scan (calcification) Fat soluble vet def. Increase risk of adenocarcinoma of pancreas - answer chronic pancreatitis Pain in acute pincer vs chronic - answer more in acute Hospitalization due to acute pincer previously - answer chronic pincer Acute pincer - answer emergency Pancreatic adenocarcinoma - answer very aggressive More in head of pancreas Six: bad pain, jaundice, weight loss Whipped procedure PSA - answer for monitoring prostate cancer Risk factor pancreatic adenocarcinoma - answer tobacco Chronic pancreatitis DM Age>50 ... Of melanoma provides prognosis - answer depth All skin cancers - answer sun lightface Fair skin - answer higher risk Basal cell carcinoma TX - answer surgery removal Don’t metastases Localized