Medical Terminology and Concepts, Exams of Nursing

Download Medical Terminology and Concepts and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! APEA 3P NUR| 320 QUESTIONS| WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS When examining the eyes, the right pupil reacts briskly to light, near effort, and is much smaller than the left pupil. This condition is most likely: correct answer: Horner's syndrome Dilated pupil is fixed to light and near accommodation correct answer: Paralysis of oculomotor cranial nerve (CN III) Pupil appears small and irregular shaped and accommodate but do not react to light. correct answer: Argyll Robertson pupils uncontrolled electrical activity in brain, may produce minor physical signs, thought disturbances or disturbed motor activity or combination of symptoms. correct answer: Seizure neurological disorder, causes involuntary muscle spasms & twisting of limbs. correct answer: Dystonia impaired ability to adjust to one's body position. correct answer: Bradykinesia The great saphenous vein enters the deep venous system via: correct answer: Femoral vein Maneuver the evaluates function of medial collateral ligament (MCL) correct answer: The Abduction (Valgus) stress test The thalamus and basal ganglion are located in the: correct answer: Gray matter brief, repetitive, stereotyped, coordinated movement occurring at irregular intervals (repetitive winking, grimacing and shoulder shrugging) correct answer: Facial tics columnar epithelium that covers most or all of cervix vaginal adenosis, circular collar or ridge of tissue between cervix & vagina. correct answer: Daughters of women who took Diethylstilbestrol (DES) during pregnancy are at high risk for developing: Group of muscles that lie anteriorly and flex the thigh correct answer: Flexor group The anterior mediastinal lymph nodes drain lymphatic fluid from the: correct answer: Thymus, thyroid gland & anterior part of pericardium Axillary lymph node drainage are includes: correct answer: The breasts, upper part of the abdominal wall, upper part of back, pectoral region & upper limbs Possible causes of nasal septum perforation: correct answer: trauma, surgery & intranasal use of cocaine or amphetamines. thickened skin with enlarged pores. First seen in lower portion of breast or areola. Visible sign of breast cancer. correct answer: the peau d'orange (orange peel) sign In older adults, presence of S4 heart sound suggests: correct answer: Hypertension Inability to produce or understand language correct answer: Aphasia point tenderness over posterior aspects of right malleolus, inability to bear weight after 4 steps correct answer: Ankle fracture An ulcerated or raised red vulvar lesion in elderly woman may indicate correct answer: Vulvar cancer presence of primitive reflexes, delayed gross motor development, lack of progression through developmental milestones. correct answer: Manifestation of cerebral palsy Group of muscles that pulls the shoulder backward correct answer: Axioscapular group When inspecting the shoulder & shoulder girdle, an elevation of right shoulder was noted. This finding could be: correct answer: Scoliosis Which are of nervous system coordinates position sense? correct answer: Sensory system System consists of neurons that carry signals to skeletal muscles (muscle strength) correct answer: Motor system coordinates movement, maintains equilibrium, and helps maintain posture correct answer: Cerebellar system System responsible for balance & coordinating eye, head & body movements correct answer: Vestibular system To palpate the trochanteric bursa, position the patient: correct answer: on one side, hip flexed & internally rotated Pre-auricular nodes drain lymphatic fluid from the: correct answer: Palpebral conjunctiva, skin adjacent to the ear within temporal region. Deep tendon reflex abnormality in supinator & biceps correlated to lesion in which segmented level of spine? correct answer: Cervical 5 & 6 Deep tendon reflex abnormality in ankle correlated to lesion in which segmented level of spine? correct answer: Sacral 1 Deep tendon reflex abnormality in patella correlated to lesion in which segmented level of spine? correct answer: Lumbar 2, 3 & 4 Deep tendon reflex abnormality in triceps correlated to lesion in which segmented level of spine? correct answer: Cervical 6 & 7 Pain from pleurisy may be referred to the: correct answer: Epigastric area a nodule or cyst, painless, usually on the upper eyelid, caused by obstruction in a sebaceous gland correct answer: Chalazion (stye) red, painful pustule that is a localized infection of hair follicle at eyelid margin correct answer: Hordeolum Apical pulse in 13-month-old is auscultated: correct answer: Between 3rd & 4th intercostal space left of midclavicular line Adnexal tenderness or masses identified early in gestation could be consistent with: correct answer: An ectopic pregnancy decreased sensitivity to pain correct answer: Hypalgesia Lymph nodes that drain lymphatic fluid from posterior chest wall & portion of upper arms. correct answer: Subscapular nodea Which genital infection can cause cervicitis, PID, tubal factor infertility & ectopic pregnancy in women if untreated correct answer: Chlamydia A pale disc with backward depression in characteristic of correct answer: Glaucomatous cupping Which types of HPV causes most cases of genital warts? correct answer: HPV type 6 & 11 Which types of HPV lead to majority of cervical cancer cases? correct answer: HPV type 16 and 18 Type of aphasia where speech is confluent, slow with few words & laborious effort. correct answer: Broca's aphasia (expressive aphasia) A multifactorial geriatric condition or syndrome characterized by an age-related lack of adaptive physiological capacity without identifiable illness. correct answer: Frailty "canker sores"; small, painful, round or oval ulcers in the oral mucosa. White, yellowish gray in color & surrounded by halo of reddened mucosa. correct answer: Aphthous ulcers On ophthalmoscopic exam, thin grayish white arc on lower end of the cornea. correct answer: Corneal arcus Screening test to detect sensorineural and conductive hearing loss correct answer: Weber Test Bluish purple discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia during pregnancy as a result of increased vascular congestion. correct answer: Chadwick's sign A loud murmur with a thrill audible in right 2nd intercostal space, radiates to carotid arteries. Crescendo-decrescendo pitch audible at the apex. Murmur heard best when sitting & leaning forward. correct answer: Aortic Stenosis The greater tubercle of the humerus is located correct answer: Lateral to the head of the humerus A defect in the gastrocnemus & soleus muscle with tenderness & swelling could be suggestive of: correct answer: A ruptured Achilles tendon Involentary movements of the body that are slower & more twisting & writhing with larger amplitude than choreiform movements. Involve face & distal extremities. correct answer: Athetoid movements During auscultation of abdomen, rushes of high-pitched sounds audible & coincide with abdominal cramps are consistent with: correct answer: Intestinal obstruction The ankle-brachial index is a screening test used to assess risk for: correct answer: Peripheral artery disease Posterior auricular lymph nodes are located: correct answer: Superficial to the mastoid process Tonsillar lymph nodes are located: correct answer: At the angle of the mandible Dizziness, lightheadedness, hiccoughs, sudden changes in heart rate, electric shock feeling in chest correct answer: Symptoms of internal pacemaker failure intermittent claudication, ischemia muscle pain precipitated by predictable amount of exercise & relieved by rest, pale cool skin, cyanosis, audible bruits, diminished or absent pulses & thickened & opaque nails. correct answer: Symptoms of peripheral artery disease (PAD) Area to auscultate the mitral valve correct answer: Near the apex of the heart between the 5th & 6th intercostal spaces in the mid-clavicular line The infraorbital or maxillary, buccinator & supramandibular lymph nodes drain lymphatic fluid from the: correct answer: eyelids, conjunctiva, & skin & mucous membrane of the nose & cheek The four classic signs of Tetrology of Fallot: correct answer: Ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, pulmonary stenosis & right ventricular hypertrophy Chest pain described as stabbing, sticking or dull and aching is characteristic of: correct answer: Costochondritis Chest pain described as persistent, sharp, knife-like is characteristic of: correct answer: Pericarditis & pleuritic pain pain with walking or prolonged standing, radiating from the spinal area into the buttocks, thighs, lower legs, or feet correct answer: Neurogenic claudication The posterior auricular lymph nodes drain lymphatic fluid from the: correct answer: posterior part of the temporoparietal region Auscultate the aortic listening point in the: correct answer: between the 2nd & 3rd intercostal spaces at the right upper sternal border Nail plate turning white with ground-glass appearance, distal band of reddish brown & obliteration of lunula is termed: correct answer: Terry's nails A fiery red, slightly raised lesion surrounded by erythema & radiatic legs that blanch with pressure correct answer: Spider angioma bright or ruby red, increase in size & number with age correct answer: Cherry angioma A common superficial fungal infection of skin causing hypo or hyperpigmented, slightly scaly macules on the trunk, neck correct answer: Tinea versicolor small, flat warts located in the superficial surfaces of the skin are called: correct answer: Verruca plana Which model is used to designate risk factors for melanoma? correct answer: HARMM A white discoloration appearing on the nails is called: correct answer: Leukonychia Granuloma annulare, acanthosis nigricans and candidiasis may be seen in patients who have: correct answer: Diabetes Pallor, xerosis, pruritus, hyperpigmentation, uremic frost, calciphylaxis, "half & half" nails are skin conditions found in patients with correct answer: Chronic renal disease Bright red, moist patches with sharply demarcated borders, some loose scales noted in diaper area correct answer: Candidal diaper rash A skin lesion that has a smooth, slightly scaly or pebbly surface with irregular edge, larger than 5mm wide & mixture of pink to dark brown colors. correct answer: Dysplastic nevus Small, white spots (often on reddened background) on side of cheeks early in course of red measles, rubeola. correct answer: Koplik spots Burn that's moist areas that are red to ivory white in color, blistering forming almost immediately, painful to touch. correct answer: Superficial partial thickness burn erythematous burn without blisters, usually with local pain correct answer: Superficial thickness burn Burns that are dry waxy, whitish appearance & resemble full thickness burns correct answer: Deep partial thickness burns Burns that involve destruction of all skin elements with coagulation of subdermal plexus, muscle and/or tendons. correct answer: Full thickness burns A painless ulceration formed during primary stages of syphilis are called: correct answer: A Chancre large, tender, swollen areas caused by a staphylococcal infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands correct answer: Furuncles (Boils) Irregular shaped purplish blue lesions, does not blanch, no pulsatility. correct answer: Ecchymosis A lesion that's circular, begins in center & spreads to periphery is called correct answer: Annular lesion Skin that appears dry, flaky, rough & itchy is termed correct answer: Asteatosis Benign yellowish to brown, raised lesions, slightly greasy, peeling, velvety usually appear on trunk & face of elderly correct answer: Seborrheic Keratoses Excoriations or itchy, small red maculopapulares on external genitalia suggest: correct answer: Pediculosis pubis (lice or "crabs") A reddish blue, irregularly shaped, solid & spongy mass of blood vessels, present at birth & enlarges during first 10-15 months is characteristic of: correct answer: a Cavernous hemangioma The lacrimal puncta are located: correct answer: along the margin of the upper and lower eyelids Severe, deep eye pain. Dilated & fixed pupil, cloudy cornea with no discharge: correct answer: Acute angle closure glaucoma On ophthalmoscopic exam, dark specks or strands between the fundus & lens. correct answer: Vitreous floaters Patient presents with earache, blood tinged discharge from ear & hearing loss. Findings reveal painful hemorrhagic vesicles on tympanic membrane & ear canal. This is suggestive of: correct answer: Bullous myringitis inflammation of the lacrimal sac. Presents as painful, red & tender area around eye near nose & lower eyelid. correct answer: Dacrocystitis Lesions appear in retina or visual pathway of certain area of field of vision indicate: correct answer: Scotomas Ophthalmoscopic exam showing vein "winds" down on either side fo the artery indicating: correct answer: AV tapering Slightly raised, yellowish, well-circumscribed plaque appearing on nasal area on one or both eyelids is consistent with: correct answer: Xanthelasma What are the 5 medical reasons for appearance of strawberry tongue correct answer: Kawasaki disease, scarlet fever, folic acid & vit B12 deficiencies, bacterial toxic shock syndrome & geographic tongue Term defined as outward turning of the lower eyelid exposing the palpebral conjunctiva correct answer: Ectropian Term referring to constriction of the pupils correct answer: Miosis Term referring to dilation of the pupil correct answer: Mydriasis Glaucomatous cupping appears: correct answer: A pale disc with backward depression A deposit of uric acid crystal on the helix or antihelix is termed: correct answer: a tophi When the pupils are small, irregular in shape & accommodate, but do not react to light correct answer: Argyll Robertson pupils Surgical perforation of the tympanic membrane to allow drainage of middle ear secretions & relieve pain & pressure from a bulging ear drum is termed: correct answer: A myringotomy Visual acuity of 20/200 or worse in the better eye with corrected lenses constitutes as: correct answer: Legal blindness Inward turning of lower lid margin correct answer: Enotropion Rinne hearing tests is used to screen for: correct answer: Conductive hearing loss Mucopurulent discharge from the puncta of the eye would indicate: correct answer: an obstructed nasolacrimal duct The usual position of the trachea is located correct answer: in the middle of the anterior neck behind the jugular notch of the manubrium Tiny, round, red spot commonly seen in and around the macular area are: correct answer: Microaneurysms Condition of sclera when the vessels appear movable over the scleral surface is termed correct answer: Episcleritis Flashing lights or new vitreous floaters suggests: correct answer: detachment of vitreous from the retina Complaints of itching in the ear, increase in pain when pinna is pulled or tragus is palpated with slight redness in the ear canal with clear odorless fluid: correct answer: otitis externa When performing a rectal exam, a purulent blood discharge mixed with fecal matter is oozing from the rectum. This is consistent with a: correct answer: Anorectal fistula When performing a rectal exam, a tender, purulent, reddened mass palpated, consider: correct answer: an anal abscess An enlarged liver with smooth, tender edge suggests: correct answer: Inflammation, as in hepatitis or venous congestion (right-sided HF) When examining the buttocks & rectum, a small tuft of hair surrounded by a halo of erythema at the sacral area would most likely be: correct answer: A pilonidal cyst Dilated periumbilical collateral veins in the mid and upper abdomen are associated with: correct answer: Hepatic cirrhosis What are normal abdominal assessment findings of a 2-year- old? correct answer: pot belly, spleen located 2cm below LCM, tinkling sounds every 10-30 seconds, liver approx 1-3cm below RCM. Bowel sounds that are rumbling or gurgling noises audible without a stethoscope are: correct answer: borborygmus During a rectal exam, a tender, purulent, reddened mass not at the anal opening is consistent with: correct answer: anal abscess Intravenous drug use, sexual intercourse & transfusion of unscreened contaminated blood can transmit: correct answer: Hepatitis C Helminths (worm-like organisms) can be transmitted by: correct answer: the bite of a blood-sucking insect A patient instructed to point to location of pain, points just below the sternoclavicular notch which likely indicates: correct answer: esophageal dysphagia occupation as a plumber, history of gout, living near a busy highway or hazardous waste dump and residing in a home built before 1978 are risk factors for developing: correct answer: Lead toxicity In sickle cell anemia, sudden tachypnea with LUQ tenderness on palpation indicates: correct answer: Sequestration crisis Ecchymosis, menorrhagia, recurrent epistaxis, petechiae & hemorrhage can by symptoms of: correct answer: Von Willebrand disease Foods high in folic acid include: correct answer: green leafy vegetables, meat from animal sources, fruits, nuts, liver & foods containing yeast harmless yellowish triangular nodule noted in the bulbar conjunctiva on either side of the iris. correct answer: Pinguecula Triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva (has blood vessels) grows slowly across the outer surface of the cornea, usually from nasal side. correct answer: Pterygium Teenage male presents with Sudden, severe, unilateral scrotal pain, likely diagnosis is: correct answer: Testicular torsion Cryptorchidism is a risk factor for: correct answer: Testicular cancer When examining the prostate gland the examiner should inform the patient that this procedure may: correct answer: Prompt an urge to urinate What is an elevated, firm & circumscribed lesion that is 5mm or smaller? correct answer: Papule When the scrotum is transilluminated in a 4 month old boy, it lights up brightly. This findings is consistent with: correct answer: a hydrocele A plaque with positive Auspitz sign (pinpoint bleeding when lesions scraped) would be consistent with: correct answer: Psoriasis Term for whitening of pupil correct answer: Leukocoria What are Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist and Arrange? correct answer: Five Major Steps to Intervention (5 As) Acute, abrupt-onset confusional state characterized by disorientation, disturbed perception, emotional disturbance, attention & concentration correct answer: Delirium Extreme anxiety about physical symptoms (pain, fatigue) that causes intense thought & behaviors that interfere with daily life is classified as: correct answer: Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) Pain in the back or legs where the patient walks but improves with rest, lumbar flexion or both correct answer: Pseudoclaudication (Lumbar spinal stenosis) Absence of touch sensation refers to: correct answer: Anesthesia absence of pain sensation correct answer: Analgesia These are fibrocartilaginous discs that cushion the action of the femur on the tibia: correct answer: The medial & lateral menisci The lower tip of the scapula is located: correct answer: around the 7th or 8th rib Normal ectopic sebaceous glands of the buccal mucosa appearing as small yellow-white raised lesions found on the inner surface and vermilion border of the lips. correct answer: Fordyce spots In dark skinned children, black, dusky mucous membranes are significant for correct answer: Cyanosis Incontinence associated with a neurological or anatomical obstruction from pelvic organs or the prostate which limits bladder emptying and causes a distended bladder. correct answer: overflow incontinence Collagen fibers connecting muscle to bone are called correct answer: Tendons Ropelike bundles of collagen fibrils that connect bone to bone correct answer: Ligaments Neck pain with bilateral weakness and paresthesias in both upper and lower extremities, often with urinary frequency. Hand clumsiness, palmar paresthesias, and gait changes may be subtle. Neck flexion often exacerbates symptoms. correct answer: Cervical Myelopathy—from cervical cord compression To palpate a retroverted uterus, the uterosacral ligaments, cul- de-sac and adnexa; to screen for colorectal cancer in women > 50 and to assess for pelvic pathology are all reasons for: correct answer: A rectovaginal examination During pregnancy, which hormone results in increased blood viscosity? correct answer: Erythropoeitin Tiny, round, red spots in and around the macular area during an ophthalmoscopic exam are consistent with: correct answer: micro-aneurysms A bulge of the upper two-thirds of the anterior vaginal wall and the bladder above it correct answer: Cystocele The semimembranous bursa of the knee lies: correct answer: On the posterior and medial surface of the knee Pelvic exam findings showing slightly enlarged, soft uterus, uterine or cervical motion tenderness and adnexal mass palpated are consistent with: correct answer: Ectopic Pregnancy In a newborn, puffy face, coarse facial features, enlarged anterior fontanel, thick protruding tongue, poor feeding constipation, prolonged jaundice, decreased activity, hypothermia, poor weight gain, swollen glands, feet and genital can all be signs of: correct answer: Congenital hypothyroidism By 1 year, the infant's weight should increased by how much compared to their birth weight? correct answer: Tripped weight Normal infants can lift the head and clasp the hands by what age? correct answer: 3 months Rolls over Sits unsupported No head lag when pulled to sit from supine correct answer: 6 month milestones-Gross motor Turns toward voice Babbles (i.e., use of repetitive consonants: ba-ba-ba or da-da-da) (When the child says da-da-da, the family reinforces the sounds by praising the infant; then the infant makes the connection of the sound to the father.) correct answer: 6 month milestones- language Infant who cannot metabolize fats (acholic stool), poor weight gain, white stools, irritability, dark urine may have: correct answer: biliary artresia Blue-gray spots. Flat, "bruise-like" areas of skin. Usually confined to back & buttocks. correct answer: Mongolian spots Around what age would a baby first be expected to locate an object hidden from view? correct answer: 9 months of age inflammation of the glans penis correct answer: Balantis narrowing of the opening of the foreskin so that it cannot be retracted correct answer: Phimosis The lower tip of the scapula is located: correct answer: around the 7th or 8th rib One of the anterior thoracic landmarks is the costal angle. It is located: correct answer: where the right and left costal margins form an angle where they meet at the xiphoid process A murmur heard loudest at 2nd or 3rd intercostal space, radiates to left shoulder & neck. Produces a soft intensity murmur with a cresendo-decrescendo is consistent with: correct answer: pulmonic stenosis A brownish discoloration or ulcers just above the malleolus suggest: correct answer: Chronic venous insuffciency Signs and symptoms including splenomegaly, ascites, collateral venous channel, para-umbilical & hemorrhoidal veins, cardia of stomach & into esophagus are suggestive of: correct answer: portal hypertension A medium, soft (or harsh) murmur is audible. It is pansystolic & heard loudest at the apex with radiation to left axilla: correct answer: Mitral regurgitation A murmur audible loudest at left sternal border with radiation to right sternal border, xiphoid are or left midclavicular line. Produces a blowing sounds, pansystolic. correct answer: Tricuspid regurgitation A high pitch murmur usually heard throughout systole correct answer: Uncomplicated ventricular septal defect Murmur heard loudest mid systole near the 2nd to 4th intercostal space between left sternal border & apex. Usually decreases or disappears when sitting correct answer: Innocent murmur a peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress correct answer: Raynaud's disease Structure that supports weight bearing anteriorly referred to as: correct answer: Vertebral body Decrease in amount of density in a bone correct answer: Osteopenia move thumb from base of 5th finger then as far away from palm as possible correct answer: Thumb extension ask patient to move thumb to touch base of 5th finger correct answer: Thumb flexion Involves supraspinatus tendon & inflamed subacromial bursa. Deposition of calcium salts resulting in disabling attacks of shoulder pain severely limiting motions due to pain correct answer: calcific tendinitis Naegele's rule is calculated by: correct answer: Adding 7 days and 9 months to first day of last menstrual period. Obstetric history, what is TPAL? correct answer: T (term births after 37 weeks gestation), P (premature births) A (abortions) L (living children) This motion is powered by posterior muscle, toe flexors & the gastrocnemius muscle: correct answer: Plantar flexion A long curved bone along the uppermost part of the ilium correct answer: Iliac crest compression of the calf muscle while observing for plantar flexion to assess the stability of the Achilles tendon correct answer: Thompson test Where the talus & calcaneous meet is called correct answer: Subtalar joint or talocalcaneal joint The patella slides on this grove during flexion & extension of the knee correct answer: trochlear grove Hyperreflexia, clonus at wrists, knee or ankle, gait distrubances & positive Lhermitte's sign: neck flexion with resulting