Medical Terminology and Concepts, Exams of Nursing

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HOSMERIT

NR 507 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM

(QUESTIONS & ANSWERS) LATEST 2025

What term is used to describe a hernial protrusion of a saclike cyst that containsmeninges, spinal fluid, and a portion of the spinal cord through a defect in a posterior arch of a vertebra? Myelomeningocele What provides the best estimate of the functioning of renal tissue? Glomerular filtration rate Where are langerhans cells found? Skin Where in the lung does gas exchange occur? Alveolocapillary membrane The tonic neck reflex observed in a newborn should no longer be obtainable by: 5 months When renin is released, it is capable of which action? Formation of angiotensin 1 The portion of the antigen that is configured for recognition and binding is referredto as what type of determinant? epitope Which sexually transmitted infection frequently coexists with gonorrhea? Chlamydia How is the effectiveness of vitamin B12 therapy measured? Reticulocyte count Carcinoma refers to abnormal cell proliferation originating from which tissue origin?

Epithelial cells Which type of microorganism reproduces on the skin? Bacteria and fungi An infant has a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur located betweenthe second and third intercostal spaces along the left sternal border. A wide fixed splitting of the second heart sound is also found. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect? Atrial Septal Defect An infant diagnosed with a small patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) would likely exhibitwhich symptom? Lack of symptoms What is the function of erythrocytes? Tissue oxygenation Which terms represent the correct nomenclature for benign and malignant tumorsof adipose tissue, respectively? Lipoma, liposarcoma What is the the chance with each pregnancy that a child born to two parents withsickle trait will have sickle cell disease 25% What pulmonary defense mechanism propels a mucous blanket that entrapsparticles moving toward the oropharynx? Cilias The concentration of the final urine is determined by antidiuretic hormone (AHD),which is secreted by which gland? Posterior pituitary Why is the herpes virus inaccessible to antibodies after the initial infection? The virus does not circulate in the blood Which renal change is found in older adults?

Decrease in the number of nephrons Which immunoglobulin is present in blood, saliva, breast milk, and respiratorysecretions? IgA Which hormone prompts increased anxiety, vigilance, and arousal during a stressresponse? Norepinephrine Which statement is true regarding maternal antibodies provided to the neonate? The antibodies enter circulation by means of active transport The function of the tumor cell marker is to: screen individuals for high risk of cancer Which statement is true concerning a fungal infection Phagocytes and t lymphocytes control fungal infection Which change is a result of puberty and defends the vagina from infection? Vaginal pH becomes more acidic The number of persons living with a specific disease at a specific point in time isreferred to by which term? Prevalence Which risk factor for hypertension is influenced by genetic factors and lifestyle? Obesity Having ejected a mature ovum, the ovarian follicle then develops into: corpus luteum The failure of bones to ossify resulting in soft bones and skeletal deformitycharacterizes which disorder rickets

what is the term that denotes the duration of time or the intensity of pain that aperson will endure before outwardly responding? tolerance Aldosterone directly increases the reabsorption of: sodium atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, and valvular prosthetics are risk factorsfor which type of stroke? embolic which clinical manifestations are associated with fibromyalgia?sensitivity at the ender points and profound fatigue what is the treatment of choice for pernicious anemiavitamin b12 injection which disease is an example of rickettsial infection rocky mountain spotted fever which statement is true regarding pain and cancer Pain is generally associated with late-stage cancer during an infection why do lymph nodes enlarge and become tender? B lymphocytes proliferate what is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwideinfectious disease Prolonged high environmental temperatures that produce dehydration, decreasedplasma volumes, hypotension, decreased cardiac output, and tachycardia cause which disorder of temperature regulation? heat exhaustion what is the leading cause of infertility in women?polycystic ovary syndrome which substance is a water soluble protein hormone?insulin

what is the target tissue for prolactin releasing factor?anterior pituitary what is the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia? reduction in the number of low density lipoprotein receptors on the cell surfaces Regarding type 2 diabetes, obesity is considered to be what type of risk? modifiable blood cells that differentiate into macrophages are known asmonocytes in which structure does b lymphocytes mature and undergo changes that committhem to becoming b cells bone marrow hemophilia b is caused by a deficiency of which clotting factorIX which of the following causes condylomata acuminata or genital warts?HPV which 4 step process correctly describes muscle contrationexcitation, coupling, contraction, relaxation Adoption studies have shown that the offspring of an alcoholic parent when raisedby nonalcoholic parents have what amount of an increased risk of developing alcoholism? fourfold which hormone stimulates gonads to produce both male and female hormones?LH which characteristic is true of type 2 muscle fibersfast conduction velocities neurofibrillary tangles characterize which neurologic disorder?alzheimers disease which hormone triggers uterine contractions?oxytocin how does the release (increase) of epinephrine raise body temperatureit raises the metabolic rate

which hormone is linked to an increase in appetite during puberty?leptin chvostek and trousseau signs indicate which electrolyte imbalancehypocalcemia A person with 47 XXY karyotype has the genetic disorder resulting in whichsyndrome klinefelter which would be considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?auditory hallucinations what term describes the loss of the comprehension or production of language?aphasia Consanguinity refers to the mating of: persons having common family relation the common property among the three types of medications used to treatdepression is that they increase neurotransmitter levels within the synapse What lifestyle modifications should be suggested to decrease the pain and stressrelated to osteoartritis? Aerobic and strength training, weight loss to keep BMI at 20 - 25, cognitive behavioraltherapy what is the suggested mean blood pressire for an 8 to 9 year old child 106/ which is an example of endogenous antigencancer cells what is the most commonly reported symptom of cancer treatmentfatigue at birth, which statement is true? gas exchange shifts from the placenta to the lung The presence of a zygote having one chromosome with the normal complement ofgenes and one with a missing gene is characteristic of which genetic disorder? cri du chat

alterations in which part of the brain are linked to hallucinations, delusions, andthought disorders associated with schizophrenia? temporal lobe the major sleep center is located in which section of the brain?hypothalamus which type of ion directly controls the contraction of musclescalcium the most critical aspect in correctly diagnosing a seizure disorder and establishingits cause is health history which serum lab test is elevated in all forms of osteogenesis imperfectaalkaline phosphate clinical manifestation that include irregular or heavy bleeding, the passage of largeclots, and the depletion of iron stores support which diagnosis dysfunctional uterine bleeding what happens to the vaginas lining at puberty it becomes thicker what effect does hyperphosphatemia have on other electrolytesdecreases serum calcium which pancreatic enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of carbohydratesamylase what part of the brain provides the emotional response to painlimbic the secretion of acth will result in the increased level of which hormonecortisol Bacteria gain access to the female urinary tract by which means?bacteria ascending the urethra into the bladder a criterion for diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a period ofexcessive worrying that last for at least how many months?

6 months what is the first indication of nephrotic syndrome in children?periorbital edema which clinical manifestations would be expected for a child who has completetrisomy of the twenty first chromosome an IQ of 25 to 70, low nasal bridge, protruding tongue, and flat, low-set ears which assessment finding characterizes osgood-schlatter disease tendinitis of the anterior patellar tendon How does chest wall compliance in an infant differ from that of an adult?an adults chest wall compliance is lower than an infants What period follows depolarization of the myocardium and represents a periodduring which no new cardiac potential can be propagated? refractory What are some interventions that would decrease preventable adverse drugevents? Should not take with alcohol, should not take more than recommended dose What are the main goals of treatment for osteoarthritis Reduction of pain, improved joint function, decreased joint destruction, increasedquality of life. Dilation of the ipsilateral pupil following uncal herniation is the result of pressure onwhich of the following cranial nerves? oculomotor CN III an amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which proteinis evident? alpha fetoprotein

which structure attaches skeletal muscle to bone tendon Which term is used to describe an intestinal obstruction caused by the invaginationof the ileum into the cecum and part of the ascending colon by collapsing through the ileocecal valve? intussusception Which dyskinesia involves involuntary movements of the face, trunk, andextremities? tardive it is true that myesthenia graviscauses muscle weakness what is the risk for the recurrence of autosomal dominant diseases?50% which term is used to identify the temporary displacement of two bones causing thebone surfaces to partially lose contact? subluxation a tear in a ligament is referred to as asprain A patient reports having an acute onset of low back pain associated with lifting a heavy object the day before. Besides advising the patient to rest and apply ice, theprimary care NP should prescribe NSAID First drug of choice for osteoarthritis acetaminophen Two main reasons that long term NSAID use is usually unadvisableGI bleeding, renal impairment why is prolonged diarrhea more severe in children than it is in adults?fluid reserves are smaller in children exhaustion occurs if stress continues when which stage of the general adaptationsyndrome is not successful

adaptation which chamber of the heart endures the highest pressureleft ventricle Which glycoprotein protects against urolithiasis and is a ligand for lymphokines?urodilatin the BRCA 1 and BRCA 2 mutations increase the risk of which cancer in womenovarian insulin transports which electrolyte in the cellpotassium what term is used to identify an interlacing bundle of dense, white fibrous tissuethat is richly suppled with nerves, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels? joint capsule which of the following is a lipid soluble hormonecortisol which person is at the greatest risk for developing delerium an individual on the second day after a hip replacement After sexual transmission of HIV, a person can be infected yet seronegative for howmany months? 6 - 14 months which organism is responsible for development of syphilistreponema pallidum Common hay fever allergy is expressed through a reaction that is mediated bywhich class of immunoglobulins IgE what term is used to identify the condition that exists when the urethral meatus islocated on the undersurface of the penis hypospadius A primary care NP prescribes a nonselective NSAID for a patient who has osteoarthritis. The patient expresses concerns about possible side effects of this medication. When counseling the patient about the medication, the NP should tellthis patient:

to take each dose of the NSAID with a fll glass of water the mucosal secretions of the cervix secrete which immunoglobulin? IgA the sudden apparent arousal in which a child expresses intense fear or anotherstrong emotion while still in a sleep state characterizes which sleep disorder? night terrors what directly causes ovulation during the mentrsual cyclesudden increase of LH what anchors cartilage to underlying bonecollagen fibers At 2 or 3 weeks of age, an infant who has been well fed and has gained weight begins to vomit for no apparent reason. The vomiting gradually becomes more forceful. These symptoms may be indicative of which disorder? pyloric stenosis what is the basic structural unit in compact bone? Haversian system parkinson disease is a degenerative disorder of the brainsbasal ganglia Which pain theory proposes that a balance of impulses conducted from the spinalcord to the higher centers in the central nervous system (CNS) modulates the transmission of pain? GCT saliva contain which immunoglobulin?IgA what type of fracture occurs at a site of preexisting bone abnormality and is a resultof a force that would not normally cause a fracture pathologic A patient who experiences migraines characterized by unilateral motor and sensory symptoms tells the primary care NP that despite abortive therapy with a triptan,

thefrequency of episodes has increased to three or four times each month. The NP should: prescribe an anticonvulsant such as topiramate A patient who has osteoarthritis is scheduled to have knee surgery. Pt takes Aspirinand Naproxen for pain and inflammation. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching? I will need to stop both meds 1 week before I have surgery An infant suddenly develops abdominal pain, becomes irritable (colicky), and drawsup the knees. Vomiting occurs soon afterward. The mother reports that the infant passed a normal stool, followed by one that looked like currant jelly. Based on thesedata, which disorder does the nurse suspect? intussception in 95% of children of delayed puberty, the problem is caused byphysiologic hormonal delays