Medical Terminology and Definitions: A Comprehensive Guide for Students, Exams of Nursing

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3Ps Exam | Actual Questions and Answers Latest Updated

2024/2025 (Graded A+)

rotator cuff physical examination drop arm test passively abduct arm and have patient hold and then instruct to slowly lower pos sign = pt unable to lower arm with control or will drop arm with pressure to wrist ankle sprain grade 1 mild with slight stretching and microscopic tears in the ligament mild pain and tenderness ankle sprain grade 2 moderate, partial tear of ligament moderate tenderness and edema with some joint laxity ankle sprain grade 3 severe, complete tear of ligament severe tenderness and edema, often accompanied with small chip fractures and instability Naegele's Rule estimated due date = first day of LMP + 7 days - 3 mon fundal height at 20 weeks umbilicus fundal height after 20 weeks corresponds to the number of weeks pregnant ex 24 weeks = 24 cm from pubis symphysis preeclampsia HTN and proteinuria after 20 weeks visual complications from preeclampsia blurred vision photophobia

scotoma (blind spot) diplopia retinopathy conductive hearing loss sound can not get through outer or middle ear can be caused by foreign bodies, fluid, earwax, ruptured eardrum, allergies sensioneural hearing loss problem with the inner ear can be cause by age related changes, immune disease, infections, injury, tumor Meniere's disease disease of the inner ear (fluid in the labrynth) that leads to balance issues, vertigo, and hearing loss peripheral artery disease blockage of the arteries in the lower extremities s/s: pain in legs during activity cramping numbness tingling in legs non healing sores peripheral vascular disease blockage of veins, arteries, and lymph in the lower extremities s/s: pooling of blood in legs leg ulcers skin changes vericose veins non selective beta blockers should not be used with which patients asthma (bc can act on beta 2 receptors in the lungs and exacerbate asthma) ex. propanolol, nadolol, timolol what antibiotics are safe to use with warfarin? cephalosporins and PCN Rhemuatoid arthritis (RA)

autoimmune inflammatory disease that primarily effects the joints s/s: swan neck and boutonniere deformities (deformities in the fingers) intrauterine growth restriction is suspected when the fundal height in 4 cm less than it should be what is not a common finding in nephrolithisis acute costovertebral tenderness (typically present in pyelonephritis probenecid/allopurinol and acute gout attack should not be taken as it may worsen acute gout attack serotonin syndrome occurs when too much of serotonin in body s/s: inc BP and HR shivering loss of coordination and twitiching fever tremor seizures cullens sign ecchymosis in umbilical area, seen with pancreatitis turners sign flank grayish blue (turn around to see your flanks), seen with pancreatitis pterygium triangular like growth of the conjuntiva that extends into the cornea tinea corporis ringworm, fungal infection can be caused by poor hygeine medications used in BPH alpha 5 reductase inhibitors, used to decrease size of prostate ex. finasteride ankle brachial index

is used to assess for peripheral artery disease allergic rhinits causes pale nasal muscosa, clear rhinorrhea, red and watery eyes cystic fibrosis genetic disorder that causes mucus and secretions to become thicker and harder to expel from the system s/s: salty tasting skin persistant cough greasy bulky stools mydriasis pupil dilation pediculosis capitis head lice, itching common focal seizure without impaired consciousness localized, unilateral, may have autonomous symptoms (Jacksonian, abnormal movements that start with one muscle group and progress to another ) ---no postictal focal seizures with impaired consciousness localized, unilateral, may have autonomous symptoms (Jacksonian), confusion, automatisms (uncontrolled movements) ---may be confused or have HA after, may or may not remember focal to generalized seizure partial seizure that progresses to tonic clonic --postictal may remember having aura, may have unilateral neuro deficit generalized seizure tonic-clonic with LOC, cyanosis, incontinence, injury ---postictal may be confusion, HA, amnesia, fatigue, drowsiness absense seizure blacks out --no aura, possible confusion myoclonic seizure sudden jerk of body or extremities --variable postictal state myoclonic atonic seizure drop attack, LOC w fall, no jerking --postictal of brief confusion

glaucoma damage to the optic nerve often caused by an increase in ocular pressure goal of tx to decrease IOP, to stabilize the optic nerve, and stabilize visual field (can use beta blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, prostaglandins, adrenergic antagonist, cholinergic antagonist, and combo meds) cataracts lens becomes cloudy and affect ability to see Kernicterus brain damage when there is too much bilirubin in newborns blood headache warning signs systemic symptoms/fever neoplasm hx neuro deficit onset abrupt over age of 50yo pattern change positional HA papilledema precipitated by cough, sneeze, or exercise atypical presentation pregnancy or postpartum painful eye w autonomic features post trauma onset pathology of immune system painkiller overuse or new drug initiation with onset visual acuity test Snellen chart 20/40 on Snellen chart top number indicates how far away from the chart you are standing (20 feet) bottom number refers to how far a person with normal eyesight could see the line you read (40 feet) synovial joint joints that are found between bones that move against each other (ex. shoulder) digoxin and antacids digoxin should not be taken with antacids as they can decrease the availability of digoxin

Digoxin therapeutic range 0.5-2ng/ml migrane and cerebral arteries migrane causes cerebral arteries to dilate common prophylactic medication for migranes beta blockers (propranolol, timolol) --first line tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline) anticonvulsants (valproic acid, depakote) calcium channel blockers (verapamil) common medications to treat migrane aspirin NSAIDs Triptans (sumatriptan) Ergot derivatives (dihydroergotamine) opioids (acetaminophen w codeine) steroids (dexamethasone) fibroadenoma benign mass in the breast intraductal papilloma benign tumor of lactiferous duct/sinus most common cause of bloody nipple discharge in < when is rhogam given? 28 weeks and within 72 hours of delivery to rh negative moms prostaglandin e causes vasodilation and smooth muscle relaxation shingles (herpes zoster) blisters that typically effect one area or one side of face or body when should an iron supplement be taken? on an empty stomach GTPAL

Gravida, Term, Preterm, Abortions, Living remember that sets of multiples only count for one epitrochlear lymph nodes located between tricep and bicep papilledema swelling of the optic disk caused by increased intracranial pressure tinea capitis ringworm of the scalp osteosarcoma in pediatrics often diagnoses after pain in the site Thalassemia inherited blood disorder where body makes less hemoglobin deferoxamine removes excess iron in the body when patients receive frequent blood transfusions primary stage of syphillis one painless lesion (chancre) approx 3 weeks after exposure secondary stage of syphillis fever, lymphadenopathy, diffuse rash, skin lesions around mouth genitals, hands and soles of feet 1st line treatment in acute gout attack colchicine, NSAIDs, steriods treatment of syphillis penicillin infective endocarditis infection of the endocardium and the valves that separate the heart s/s of infective endocarditis petechiae, osler nodes ( painful red bumps on tips of fingers and toes), and Janeway lesions (painless spots on the bottom of feet and hands) aminoglycosides

nephrotoxicity (monitor trough) ototoxicity (monitor peak) gonorrhea rare complication of gonococcemia which is hemorrhagic vesiculopustular lesions over body dermatophytosis fungal infection of the skin (another name for ringworm) xerosis dry skin Metronidazole (Flagyl) causes disulfiram reaction with alcohol orthostatic hypotension drop of 20mmHg in systolic BP or drop in 10mmHg in diastolic fundus at 12 weeks pubis symphysis hydrocele swelling of the scrotum atrial fibrillation rapid, random, ineffective contractions of the atrium higher risk for clotting and stroke atopic dermatitis eczema pruritis, chronic inflammatory disease (IgE mediated) atopic dermatitis treatment 1st line: topical corticosteroids (can supplement with emollients) 2nd line: more potent topical corticosteroid or topical immunosuppressant 3rd line: systemic corticosteroids tinea capitis vs tinea corporis tinea capitis presents on the scalp and tinea corporis is found on face, limbs, or trunk both fungal infections (ringworm)

tinea treatment topical antifungals (azole or allylamine) Griseofulvin --inc new keratin resistance to fungal infections (could cause n/v/d/HA/photosensitivity) atypical CAP presents with upper airway symptoms, fever without chills, myalgia, nonproductive cough typical CAP fever, chills, pleuretic chest pain, productive cough expressive aphasia (Brocas) patients are able to understand speech however cannot communicate back receptive aphasia (Wernicke) patients are able to speak but speech does not make sense tinea capitis cannot be treated with topical antifungal tx = Griseofulvin for 8 weeks (admin w food) varicella fever, malaise, vesicular lesions that begin on trunk and progress to extremities and face systemic antivirals rarely used otherwise treat symptomatically herpes zoster outbreak of grouped vesicles clustered in unilateral pattern of dermatome tx with systemic antivirals in first 72 hrs psoriasis autoimmune, T cell driven papules or plaques that are silvery or whitish scales most common in knees, elbows, and scalp & pitted nails treatment for psoriasis first line is high potency topical corticosteroids and emollients then begin to taper and add vit D analog (Calcipotriene or Calcipotriol) if effects over 10% total body surface, refer to derm

examples of low potency topical corticosteroids desonide 0.05% alclometasone diproprionate 0.05% examples of high potency topical corticosteriods amcinonide 0.1% betamethasone dirpoprionate 0.05% uticaria hives most common type of skin cancer basal cell carcinoma ABCDE of melanoma asymmetry border color diameter evolving scabies infestation of the skin where mites burrow and cause itching and pimple like skin rash treatment of scabies "scabicides" Permethrin cream "Nix" 5% --lotion that goes over whole body and can be washed 8-14 hrs after application hepatitis A fecal oral transmission (usually through contaminated food or water) hepatitis B transmitted through blood and bodily fluids (sex, IV drug use, mother to child) hepatitis D can only exist w hepatitis B hepatitis C transmitted through blood and bodily fluids (most commonly through IV drug use) cheilosis inflammation of lips that causes cracking, fissures, and ulceration at the corners of the mouth

pernicious anemia vitamin B12 deficiency caused by lack of intrinsic factor, inadequate intake, decreased absorption, and inadequate utilization vitamin b found in fish, meat, and dairy products symptoms of pernicious anemia beefy red tongue diarrhea or constipation pale skin lightheadedness shortness of breath on exercise treatment of pernicious anemia parenteral cyanocobalamin (vit B12) injections oral not recommended bc poor absorption due to lack of intrinsic factor spinal stenosis s/s aching, numbness, tingling, or cramping that radiates towards legs and is often relieved with lumbar flexion (or leaning forward) Ankalosing Spondylitis arthritis that causes inflammation of joints and ligaments of spine or in peripheral joints can cause loss of mobility in spine (or fusion of spinal cord) Ankalosing Spondylitis s/s lower back pain and/or hip pain and stiffness pain may worsen when sitting or not moving spinal stenosis caused by spinal cord compression in the lower back or neck cauda equina syndrome dysfunction (often compression) of the lumbar and sacral nerves cauda equina s/s urinary retention or incontinence "saddle" anesthesia (can't feel buttock region)

weakness of lower extremities pain down back and legs thorasic duct drains lymph from lower extremities, pelvis, abdomen, left side of thorax, left upper extremity, left side of head and neck right lymphatic duct drains right upper quadrant of body including right arm, right thorax, and right side of head and neck pleural effusion fluid in the pleural cavity (fluid around lungs) positive McMurrays test indicates a meniscus tear Trichomoniasis s/s foul smelling vaginal discharge, itching, painful urintation single dose drug of choice for chlamydia 1000mg (1g) azrythromycin treatment for chlamydia 100mg doxycycline for 7 days alpha adrenergic antagonist relaxes muscle tissue in vessles and prostate helping with urine outflow ex. Doxazosin or Prazosin Chrons disease effects entire GI tract from mouth to anus Chrons disease s/s diarrhea, weight loss, rectal bleeding Cryptochordism undescended testicle can increase risk of testicular cancer epididymitis

inflammation of epididymus (tube that transport sperm in testses) causes acute pain but relieves with elevation usually from STI testicular torsion twisting of the spermatic cord causing decrease blood flow to testes medical emergency! common in adolescent males polycystic ovarian syndrome causes increase in androgen (male sex hormones) and insulin resistance cystic breasts benign change in breast tissue stress incontinence involuntary urine loss during laughing, coughing, sneezing, etc functional incontinence related to dementia and immobility urge incontinence loss of urine associated with strong urge to void Condylomata acuminata genital warts caused by HPV weber test tests for sensorineural and conductive hearing loss incubation period for scabies 3 - 4 weeks after primary infection subsequent scabies infection occurs after 1-3 days of exposure