Medical Terminology and Emergency Procedures: A Comprehensive Guide, Exams of Nursing

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DAANCE: ALL MODULES

Pulmonaryqarteryq-q qqqqqqqqqqqOneqofqtwoqarteriesqthatqcarryqvenousq(oxygenqpoor)qbloodqfromqheartqtoqlungs Whatqtypeqofqintubationqisqpreferredqwithqemesisqwithqaspiration?q-q qqqqqqqqqqqETT.qLMAqorqcombitubeqacceptable. Whatqemergencyqwouldqaqcricothyrotomyqtypicallyqbeqperformed?q-q qqqqqqqqqqqAirwayqobstruction Atropineqwouldqbeqgivenqinqwhichqemergency?q-q qqqqqqqqqqqSymptomaticqbradycardia Adenosineqwouldqbeqgivenqinqwhichqemergency?q-q qqqqqqqqqqqSVT Amiodaroneqwouldqbeqgivenqinqwhichqemergency?q-q qqqqqqqqqqqV.qTach Whatqmedicationsqcanqbeqgivenqforqaqseverqcaseqofqhyperventilation?q-q qqqqqqqqqqqVersed,qValium,qorqPropofol PVC'sqareqtreatedqwithqwhichqmedicine?q-q qqqqqqqqqqqLidocaine Epiqisqgivenqinqwhichqtwoqemergencies?q-q qqqqqqqqqqqV.qFibqandqasystole Maxqdoseqofqepiqforqcardiovascularqdiseaseqptq-q

qqqqqqqqqqq.04mg Aqbetaqblockerqwouldqbeqgivenqinqwhichqemergency?q-q qqqqqqqqqqqHypertension AqfluidqbolusqofqNSqandqephedrineqcanqbeqgivenqwithqwhatqemergency?q-q qqqqqqqqqqqHypotension Whatqmedicationsqarequsedqtoqtreatqmalignantqhypothermia?q-q qqqqqqqqqqqDantrolene,qIVqcoldqsalineq(notqRinger's) Nasopharyngealqairwayq-q qqqqqqqqqqqWhenqtongueqisqobstructingqairway.qTubeqisqlubricatedqandqpassedqthroughqtheqnoseqintoqnasalq cavity.qSitsqinqoropharynxqbehindqtongue.qWellqtoleratedqandqcanqbequsedqonqawakeqpts. Oropharyngealqairwayq-q qqqqqqqqqqqAlsoqplacedqtoqpositionqtongueqinqmoreqanteriorqposition.qOftenqinterfereqwithqintraqoralqproce dures.qNotqtoleratedqwellqwithqawakeqpts. Laryngealqmaskqairwayq(LMA)q-q qqqqqqqqqqqDeviceqthatqsitsqoverqtopqofqlarynx.qCanqbeqplacedqblindly.qDoesqnotqprotectqagainstqaspiration.qI nflatedqwithq30ccqtoqcreateqseal. Endotrachealqintubationq-q qqqqqqqqqqqEndqofqtubeqpassesqthroughqvocalqcordsqandqterminatesqhalfqwayqbetweenqvocalqcordsqandqbifu rcationqofqtrachea.qImportantqtoqlistenqtoqbothqlungsqafterqplacement.qMayqorqMayqnotqbeqcuffed. Combitubeq-q qqqqqqqqqqqGenerallyqusedqforqspecificqemergencies.qBothqcuffsqinflated. Ptsqpredisposedqtoqbronchospasmq-q qqqqqqqqqqqAllergies,qasthma,qcopd,qbronchitis

Pterygoidqplexusq-q qqqqqqqqqqqNetworkqofqveinsqcorrespondingqtoq2ndqandq3rdqpartsqofqmaxillaryqartery Olfactoryqnerveq-q qqqqqqqqqqq1stqcranialqnerveqthatqcontrolsqsmell Opticqnerveq-q qqqqqqqqqqq2ndqcranialqnerveqthatqcontrolsqsight Internalqjugularqveinq-q qqqqqqqqqqqDrainsqmuchqofqbloodqfromqheadqandqneck Purkinjeqfiberqsystemq-q qqqqqqqqqqqCausesqmusclesqofqheartqtoqcontract.qSpreadsqimpulseqrapidlyqalongqheartqmuscle. Brachiocephalicqarteryq-q qqqqqqqqqqqBranchesqintoqrightqcommonqcarotidqinqneckqandqrightqsubclavianqarteryqinqarm. Hematocritq-q qqqqqqqqqqq%qbloodqvolumeqmadequpqofqredqbloodqcells.qMen:q42-52%qwomen:q37- 48%.qAnythingqbelowq35%qconsideredqanemic. Mentalqarteryq-q qqqqqqqqqqqSuppliesqbloodqtoqchin. Ischemiaq-q qqqqqqqqqqqReducedqbloodqflowqinqcoronaryqarteries.qLackqofqoxygenqtoqheartqcellsqweakens,qbutqdoesqnotq killqthem. Maxillaryqarteryq-q qqqqqqqqqqqSuppliesqbloodqtoqmaxilla,qteeth,qsinuses,qandqportionqofqnose.

Medullaqoblongataq-q qqqqqqqqqqqCoordinatingqregionqforqimpulses.qTheqseatqofqmanyqautonomicqcenters. Normalqlevelsqofqhemoglobinq-q qqqqqqqqqqqMales:q13-18qmg/dL Females:q14-16qmg/dL Oropharynxq-q qqqqqqqqqqqLocatedqbetweenqsoftqpalateqandqepiglottis. Facialqnerveq-q qqqqqqqqqqq7thqcranialqnerve.qSuppliesqmotorqfibersqtoqmusclesqofqfacialqexpression. Trigeminalqnerveq-q qqqqqqqqqqq5thqcranialqnerve.qSuppliesqsensationqtoqteethqandqjaws. Vagusqnerveq-q qqqqqqqqqqq10thqcranialqnerve.qSuppliesqfibersqtoqmanyqpartsqofqbody.q(Ears,qtongue,qpharynx,qlarynx,qthora cic/abdominalqviscera). Pulmonaryqveinsq-q qqqqqqqqqqqReturnqoxygenatedqbloodqtoqleftqatriumqfromqlungs.qOnlyqveinsqthatqcarryqoxygenatedqblood. Superiorqvenaqcavaq-q qqqqqqqqqqqDrainsqhead,qneck,qandqupperqextremitiesqintoqrightqatrium. Adrenalqgladq-q qqqqqqqqqqqSecretesqepinephrine,qnorepinephrine,qandqcorticosteroids. Ectopicqfocusq-q qqqqqqqqqqqDisplacedqcentralqpointqofqoriginqforqcardiacqdysrhythmias.

ClassqIVq-q qqqqqqqqqqqPatientqhasqaqsevere,qlifeqthreateningqsystemicqdisorder. ClassqVq-q qqqqqqqqqqqPatientqisqmoribundqwithqlittleqchanceqofqsurvival.qSurgeryqisqdoneqinqdesperation. ClassqIIq-q qqqqqqqqqqqPatientqhasqmildqtoqnoqsystemicqdisturbance.qSmokersqincluded. ClassqIq-q qqqqqqqqqqqPatientqhasqnoqorganic,qbiochemical,qpsychiatric,qorqphysiologicalqdisturbance. Betaqblockersq-q qqqqqqqqqqqReduceqtheqrateqandqforceqofqcontractionqofqtheqheart.q(Atenolol) Vasodilatorsq-q qqqqqqqqqqqReduceqtheqpressureqvasculature.q(Norvasc,qlisinopril,qdiovan) Diureticsq-q qqqqqqqqqqqReduceqtheqvolumeqofqfluidqinqsystem.qUsedqtoqtreatqcoronaryqarteryqdisease.q(HCTZ,qLasix) Hypertensionq-q qqqqqqqqqqqBloodqpressureqofq140/90qorqgreater.q(Hxqofqnosebleeds,qheadaches,qandqdizziness) Rateqofqventriclesq-q qqqqqqqqqqq20- RateqofqAVqnodeq-q qqqqqqqqqqq40-

Rateqofqatriaq-q qqqqqqqqqqq60- Arrestqrhythmsq-q qqqqqqqqqqqVentricularqdysrhythmias RateqofqSAqnodeq-q qqqqqqqqqqq60- Socialqhistoryqreviewqofqsystemsq-q qqqqqqqqqqqPatientsqsmokingqandqalcoholqhistory/currentquseqshouldqbeqnotedqalongqwithqillegalqdrugquse. Ventricularqfociq-q qqqqqqqqqqqLocatedqinqventricles Supraventricularqfociq-q qqqqqqqqqqqLocatedqaboveqlevelqofqventriclesqinqatria. Antibioticqprophylaxisqforqtotalqjointqreplacementqpatientsq-q qqqqqqqqqqqPreviousqjointqinfection,q 2 qyrsqfollowingqjointqreplacement,qmalnourishment,qhemophilia,qdiabe tesqtypeqI,qimmunosuppressedqorqimmunocompromisedqpatients. AVqblocksq-q qqqqqqqqqqqPRqlengthqisqprolongedqorqvariesqinqlengthqdueqtoqimpulseqbeingqpartiallyqorqcompletelyqblocked qasqitqattemptsqtoqtravelqfromqatriaqtoqventriclesqviaqAVqnode. Patientsqwhoqneedqantibioticqprophylaxisq-q qqqqqqqqqqqPreviousqinfectiveqendocarditis,qprostheticqvalves,qcardiacqtransplantqpatientsqwhoqdevelopqvalv ulopathy,qcongenitalqheartqdisease. Congestiveqheartqfailureq-q

qqqqqqqqqqqShortnessqofqbreath,qdizziness,qchronicqcough,qwheezing,qproductiveqcough. Reviewqofqsystemsqgenitourinaryq-q qqqqqqqqqqqPainfulqurination,qbloodqinqurine,qfrequentqurination,qincontinence,qdischargeqinqurine. Reviewqofqsystemsqgastrointestinalq-q qqqqqqqqqqqLossqofqappetite,qswallowing,qchangeqinqtaste,qnausea,qvomiting,qdiarrhea,qconstipation. Reviewqofqsystemsqskinq-q qqqqqqqqqqqBruising,qbleeding,qdiscoloration. Reviewqofqsystemsqcardiovascularq-q qqqqqqqqqqqHeadaches,qdizziness,qnosebleeds,qshortnessqofqbreath,qchestqorqarmqpain,qedema. Reviewqofqsystemsqgeneralq-q qqqqqqqqqqqWeightqloss,qlossqofqappetite,qweakness,qfatigue. 4 qkeyqquestionsqtoqaskqpatientqinqevaluationq-q qqqqqqqqqqqAreqtheyqcurrentlyqunderqphysiciansqcare,qdoqtheyqtakeqanyqmeds,qdoqtheyqhaveqanyqallergiesqan dqreactionsqtheyqhave,qreviewqofqsystems. Asthmaq-q qqqqqqqqqqqUsuallyqassociatedqwithqallergies.qIncreasedqsecretionsqinqtheqmusclesqmembranesqliningqbronc hioles.qMucusqplugsqblockqsmallerqbronchiqmakingqmovementqofqairqinqandqoutqifqlungsqdifficult.qMoreq difficultyqwithqexpiration. Focusq(foci)q-q qqqqqqqqqqqSiteqinqatriaqorqventriclesqwhichqisqcenterqforqgenerationqofqimpulse. Cushing'sqdiseaseq-q qqqqqqqqqqqNonqlifeqthreatening.qHyperqsecretionqofqglucocorticoids.

Glucocorticoidsq-q qqqqqqqqqqqAllowqtheqbodyqtoqrespondqtoqstress. Addison'sqdiseaseq-q qqqqqqqqqqqLifeqthreatening.qHypoqsecretionqofqglucocorticoids. Cirrhosisq-q qqqqqqqqqqqFibrosisqorqscarqtissueqinqliver.qPatientsqwithqcirrhosisqmayqhaveqdifficultyqmetabolizingqmedicati onsqandqmayqhaveqprolongedqeffectsqofqmedications. Risksqofqliverqcirrhosisq-q qqqqqqqqqqqProlongedqeffectsqofqmedications,qprolongedqmentalqdepressionqcanqcauseqhepaticqcoma,qtroub leqclotting,qperipheralqedema,qascites. Dyspneaq-q qqqqqqqqqqqDifficultyqbreathingqorqbreathlessness. Bronchitisq-q qqqqqqqqqqqInflammationqofqtheqmucousqmembranesqliningqtheqbronchialqtubes.qSxqshouldqbeqdelayed. Smokingq-q qqqqqqqqqqqPredisposesqpatientsqtoqlaryngospasmqandqbronchospasm. Upperqrespiratoryqinfectionq(URI)q-q qqqqqqqqqqqCommonqcoldqorqcoughqwhichqproducesqincreasedqsecretionsqinqairway.qBestqtoqdelayqsurgery.qI nvolvesqsinuses,qnasalqpassages,qpharynx,qandqlarynx. Diabetesqmellitusq-q qqqqqqqqqqqMetabolicqimpairmentqwhereqtheqbodyqisqunableqtoqmetabolizeqglucoseqproperlyqcausingqincre asedqbloodqglucoseqlevels.qThisqpreventsqtheqbodyqfromqmetabolizingqcarbsqproperly. TypeqIq-q

Ischemicqstrokeq-q qqqqqqqqqqq85%qcausedqbyqoccludedqbloodqvessel. Hemorrhagicqstrokeq-q qqqqqqqqqqq15%qcausedqbyqrupturedqarteryq(aneurysm) Trimesterqtoqbestqperformqsurgeryq-q qqqqqqqqqqq2ndqtrimester.qMostqriskqtoqfetusqinq1stqtrimester. Obesityq-q qqqqqqqqqqq 20 q%qaboveqidealqbodyqweightq [(wtqinqlbs/heightqinqinches)2]qxq 703 Modifiableqriskqfactorsqofqstrokeq-q qqqqqqqqqqqHighqbloodqpressure,qdiabetes,qheartqdisease,qsmoking,qTIA,qincreasedqredqbloodqcells,qsickleqce llqdisorder. Unmodifiableqriskqfactorsqforqstrokeq-q qqqqqqqqqqqMale,qageq 55 qorqolder,qtwoqtimesqAfricanqAmerican,qpreviousqstroke,qheredity. Considerationsqforqobeseqpatientsq-q qqqqqqqqqqqUseqofqaqlargeqbloodqpressureqcuff,qdifficultqvenousqaccess,qpatientsqshouldqbeqtreatedqinquprigh tqorqsemiqfowlerqposition. Proteaseqinhibitorsq-q qqqqqqqqqqqPatientsqwithqHIVqtakeqthisqmedications.qItqprolongsqeffectsqofqbenzodiapamqderivatives. INRq-q qqqqqqqqqqqInternationalqnormalizedqratio.qPatientsqonqanticoagulantsqusuallyqmaintainqINRq2- 3.qPatientsqusuallyqdiscontinueqanticoagulantq 3 qdaysqpriorqtoqsurgery.q1.5qorqlessqneededqtoqoperate.

Prothrombinqtimeq-q qqqqqqqqqqqEffectivenessqofqanticoagulant. Rightqatriumq-q qqqqqqqqqqqReceivesqbloodqfromqinferiorqandqsuperiorqvenaqcavaq(peripheralqcirculation). Lowerqairwayq-q qqqqqqqqqqqTrachea,qbronchi,qlobularqbronchi,qbronchioles,qandqalveoli. Peripheralqnervousqsystemq-q qqqqqqqqqqqConsistsqofqsensoryqandqmotorqnerves. Laryngopharynxq-q qqqqqqqqqqqLocatedqbehindqvoiceqbox. Internalqrespirationq-q qqqqqqqqqqqTakesqplaceqatqcellularqlevel.qO2qinqbloodstreamqentersqcells.qCO2qleavesqcellqandqreturnsqtoqblo od. Upperqairwayq-q qqqqqqqqqqqNasalqpassages,qsinuses,qpharynx,qandqlarynx. MaxqO2qhemoglobinq-q qqqqqqqqqqq1.34qmL Anemiaq-q qqqqqqqqqqqDecreasedqamountqofqhemoglobinqconcentration.qBelowq35% Diaphragmq-q qqqqqqqqqqqDomeqshapedqmuscleqthatqseparatesqtheqchestqcavityqfromqabdominalqcavity.qMostqimportantq muscleqofqinspiration.

Synapseq-q qqqqqqqqqqqAqjunctionqbetweenqtwoqneurons. Hypoxiaq-q qqqqqqqqqqqLackqofqO Automaticityq-q qqqqqqqqqqqAbilityqofqheartqmuscleqtoqcontractqonqit'sqownqwithoutqnerveqstimulation. Bestqplacesqtoqcheckqforqpatientsqpulseq-q qqqqqqqqqqqCarotidqarteriesqandqradialqarteries. Tracheaq-q qqqqqqqqqqqWindqpipe. Neuronsq-q qqqqqqqqqqqNerveqcells Tachycardiaq-q qqqqqqqqqqqHRqaboveq 100 qbpm Sensoryqnervesq-q qqqqqqqqqqqReceiveqmessagesqfromqenvironmentqandqandqconductqmessagesqbackqtoqCNS. CACq(cardioacceleratoryqcenter)q-q qqqqqqqqqqqLocatedqwithinqmedulla.qSympatheticqfibersqtravelqdownqspinalqcordqtoqSAqnode.qWhenqstimula tedqreleaseqnorepinephrineqwithqincreasesqHRqandqstrengthqofqcontractions. Cardiacqoutputq-q qqqqqqqqqqqTotalqamountqofqbloodqpumpedqfromqleftqventricleqinqoneqminute.

Brainqstemq-q qqqqqqqqqqqPons,qmedullaqoblongata,qmidrain Cephalicqveinq-q qqqqqqqqqqqLocatedqonqouterq(lateral)qaspectqofqforearm. Epiglottisq-q qqqqqqqqqqqSoftqtissueqvalveqlocatedqatqbaseqofqtongueqcoversqlarynx.qAllowsqairqintoqlungsqandqkeepsqforeig nqmaterialqout. AVqnodeq-q qqqqqqqqqqqLocatedqbetweenqatriaqandqventricles.qBundleqofqHisqcauseqventriclesqtoqcontract. Thoracicqcageq-q qqqqqqqqqqqConsistsqofqribs,qsternum,qintercostalqmuscles,qdiaphragm. Accessoryqmusclesqofqrespirationq-q qqqqqqqqqqqSternocleidomastoid,qscalenes,qabsqwhichqareqmostqimportant. Centralqnervousqsystemq(CNS)q-q qqqqqqqqqqqConsistsqofqbrainqandqspinalqcolumn Medianqcubitalqveinq-q qqqqqqqqqqqBridgeqbetweenqcephalicqandqbasilicqveins. Sinusesq-q qqqqqqqqqqqFrontal,qmaxillary,qsphenoid,qethmoid CICq(cardioinhibitoryqcenter)q-q qqqqqqqqqqqParasympatheticqfibersqreachqvagusqnerveqandqreleaseqacetylcholineqwhichqdecreasesqHRqandqf orceqofqcontractions.

Dorsalqvenousqplexusq-q qqqqqqqqqqqBackqofqhand. NormalqHRq-q qqqqqqqqqqq60-100qbpm Bradycardiaq-q qqqqqqqqqqqHRqofqlessqthanq 60 qbpm Bloodqpressureq-q qqqqqqqqqqqSystolic/diastolic.qNormalqBPq120/80. Flowqofqbloodqthroughqtheqheartq-q qqqqqqqqqqqInferior/ superiorqvenaqcava,qrightqatrium,qtricuspidqvalve,qrightqventricle,qpulmonaryqvalve,qpulmonaryqartery,ql ungs,qpulmonaryqvein,qleftqatria,qmitralqvalve,eftqventricle,qaorticqvalve,qaorta,qperipheralqcirculation. Antecubitalqspaceq-q qqqqqqqqqqqAnteriorqsurfaceqofqelbowqlocatedqbetweenqarmqandqforearm. SAqnodeq-q qqqqqqqqqqqLocatedqinqrightqatrium.qActsqasqpacemaker.qProducesqsinusqrhythms. Systolicqphaseq-q qqqqqqqqqqqBothqventriclesqcontractingqsimultaneously. Pqwaveq-q qqqqqqqqqqqAtrialqdepolarization Phlebitisq-q qqqqqqqqqqqInflammationqofqvein

Capillariesq-q qqqqqqqqqqqSmallestqarteriesqwhereqtheqexchangeqofqO2,qCO2,qcellqbyqproducts,qandqnutrientsqareqexchange dqbetweenqbloodqandqcellsqofqbody. Diastolicqphaseq-q qqqqqqqqqqqBothqatriaqcontractingqsimultaneously. Autonomicqnervousqsystemq-q qqqqqqqqqqqSympatheticqandqparasympatheticqnervousqsystem Motorqnervesq-q qqqqqqqqqqqCarryqoutqresponsesqfromqCNS. Cardiacqcycleq-q qqqqqqqqqqqOneqalternateqcontractionqandqrelaxationqofqatriaqandqventriclesqfollowedqbyqaqshortqpause. Cerebrumq-q qqqqqqqqqqqThoughtqareaqofqbrain. Sympatheticqnervousqsystemq-q qqqqqqqqqqqSpeedsqthingsqup.qInnervatesqarteriesqandqveinsqcausingqvasoconstrictionqandqincreasedqheartqr ate.qThoracicqandqlumbarqspine. Parasympatheticqnervousqsystem.q-q qqqqqqqqqqqSlowsqthingsqdown.qDecreasesqheartqrateqandqbloodqpressure.qSkullqandqsacrum. Aortaq-q qqqqqqqqqqqMainqtrunkqfromqwhichqarterialqsystemqproceeds. Hemoglobinq-q qqqqqqqqqqqSuppliesqO2qtoqbody'sqtissues.qComposedqofqoneqproteinq(globin)qandqfourqnonqproteinsq(hemes )