Medical Terminology and Sterilization Practices, Exams of Medicine

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IAHCSMM CRCST 8TH EDITION - CRCST FINAL EXAM PREP JCSPD Questions and Answers Denning [Date] [Course title]

Decontamination - Correct Answer: :Removing or reducing contamination by infectious organisms or other harmful substances. Decontamination Area - Correct Answer: :location within a healthcare facility designated for collection, retention, and cleaning of soiled and/or contaminated items. Negative air pressure. Workflow - Correct Answer: :the workflow in a central service department is designed to avoid cross- contamination and insure that items efficiently flow through the process from decontamination to storage. Central Service Workflow - Correct Answer: :Decontamination. Preparation/packaging/sterilization. Sterile storage. Preparation/Packaging/Sterilization Area - Correct Answer: :Items are carefully inspected for cleanliness proper function, and defects. Instruments, utensils, and other devices are assembled into sets, and are then packaged and labeled in preparation for sterilization. positive air pressure Sterile Storage - Correct Answer: :The supply area of central service is dedicated to the storage of sterile and clean supplies. Positive air pressure. Case cart system - Correct Answer: :an inventory control system for products/equipment typically used in an operating room that involves use of an enclosed cart generally prepared for one surgical case. Case cart pull sheet / pick list - Correct Answer: :a list of specific supplies, utensils and instruments for a specific procedure. Central service technicians use these lists to assemble the items needed for individual surgical procedures. Negative air pressure - Correct Answer: :the situation that occurs when air flows into a room or area because the pressure in the area is less than that of surrounding areas. Positive air pressure - Correct Answer: :the situation that occurs when air flows out of a room or area because the pressure in the area is greater than that of surrounding areas.

Processing cycle - Correct Answer: :Use. Return. Identify. clean. assemble. package. sterilize. store. Deliver. At each step in the process, items are inspected to ensure that they are clean, in good repair, assembled and processed correctly. Standard precautions - Correct Answer: :methods of using appropriate barriers to prevent transmissions of infectious organisms from contact with blood and all other body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes. applies to all patients, regardless of diagnosis or presumed infectious status. Nosocomial - Correct Answer: :hospital acquired infection Hemi- - Correct Answer: :half gastro - Correct Answer: :stomach -ectomy - Correct Answer: :surgical removal hemigastrectomy - Correct Answer: :removal of half of the stomach colo - Correct Answer: :colon hemicolectomy - Correct Answer: :removal of half of the colon

-ac -al -ic -eal -ary -ous. are examples of. - Correct Answer: :pertaining to. endo- - Correct Answer: :within artery - Correct Answer: :artery -cide - Correct Answer: :kill -itis - Correct Answer: :inflammation -cise - Correct Answer: :cut -ectomy - Correct Answer: :surgical removal -oscopy - Correct Answer: :visual exam of an organ or joint -ostomy - Correct Answer: :creation of a new -otomy - Correct Answer: :incision into an organ laparoscopy - Correct Answer: :visual exam of organs in the abdomen colostomy - Correct Answer: :creation of new opening to the colon on the body -pexy - Correct Answer: :surgical fixation orchiopexy - Correct Answer: :surgically fixation of an undescended testicle to the correct location.

-plasty - Correct Answer: :surgical restoration, plastic repair. rhinoplasty - Correct Answer: :surgical repair of the nose -rrhaphy - Correct Answer: :to suture -tome - Correct Answer: :a cutting instrument dermatome - Correct Answer: :an instrument used for cutting skin. artho - Correct Answer: :joint cardio - Correct Answer: :heart chole - Correct Answer: :bile cholecyst - Correct Answer: :gall bladder costo - Correct Answer: :rib intercosto - Correct Answer: :between the ribs gastro - Correct Answer: :stomach gyne - Correct Answer: :woman hema - Correct Answer: :blood hepat - Correct Answer: :liver

cranio - Correct Answer: :skull herni - Correct Answer: :rupture hyster - Correct Answer: :uterus lipo - Correct Answer: :fat litho - Correct Answer: :stone lithotripsy - Correct Answer: :crushing of a stone oophor - Correct Answer: :ovary rhino - Correct Answer: :nose tracheo - Correct Answer: :trachea tracheostomy - Correct Answer: :surgical opening into trachea. hyper- - Correct Answer: :above, excessive hypo- - Correct Answer: :below, deficient pre- - Correct Answer: :before sub- - Correct Answer: :under, beneath

supra- - Correct Answer: :above bi- - Correct Answer: :two/both sides hemi- - Correct Answer: :half para- - Correct Answer: :beside, near peri- - Correct Answer: :around, about post- - Correct Answer: :after ACL - Correct Answer: :anterior cruciate Ligament. reconstruction or repairing of the anterior cruciate ligament. BSO - Correct Answer: :Bilateral Salpingooophorectomy. surgical removal of both fallopian tubes and ovaries BKA - Correct Answer: :below the knee amputation CABG - Correct Answer: :coronary artery bypass graft. creation of a new blood supply to an area of the heart with a clotted/blocked artery. CR - Correct Answer: :closed reduction. treatment of a fractured bone without a surgical incision. D & C - Correct Answer: :dilation and curettage. dilate the uterine cervix and remove the inner lining of the uterus by scraping with a curette.

ORIF - Correct Answer: :open reduction internal fixation. treatment of a fractured bone with an incision and the use of plates and screws or pins to hold the fragments together. TAH - Correct Answer: :total abdominal hysterectomy. surgical removal of the uterus through an incision in the abdomen. THA - Correct Answer: :total hip arthroplasty. hip joint reconstruction. TURP - Correct Answer: :transurethral resection of the prostate. surgical removal of part of the prostate gland by inserting instruments across the urethra to reach the prostate internally. Cell - Correct Answer: :basic unit of life. the smallest structural unit of living organisms capable of performig all basic functions of life. Cell membran - Correct Answer: :outer covering of a cell that regulates what enters and leaves. Cytoplasm - Correct Answer: :the lining matter of a cell between the cell membran and nucleus. Nucleus - Correct Answer: :functional center of a cell that governs activity and heredity. tissue - Correct Answer: :a group of similar cells that perform a specialized funtion. organ - Correct Answer: :a part of the body containing two or more tissues that function together for a specific purpose. Epithelial tissue - Correct Answer: :Skin

Connective tissue - Correct Answer: :provides support, stores energy, and connects other tissues and parts. Bones, fat, cartilage. muscular tissue - Correct Answer: :muscle nervous tissue - Correct Answer: :tissue of communication. 9 body systems - Correct Answer: :CN-MURDERS Circulatory. nervous. muscular. urinary and excretory. reproductive. digestive. endocrine. respiratory. skeletal. system - Correct Answer: :group of organs that work together to carry out a specific activity. tendons - Correct Answer: :attaches muscle to bone. ligaments - Correct Answer: :connects bone to another bone. cartilage - Correct Answer: :type of flexible connective tissues ossification - Correct Answer: :process which cartilage is replaced by bone. joint - Correct Answer: :place where 2 bones meet.

Types of joints - Correct Answer: :Gliding joints; vertebrae/neck slide over one another. ball and socket; shoulder and hip. pivot joints; turning motion. hinge joints; knees, elbows. covering or lining of a joint - Correct Answer: :synovial membrane. fluid produced and secreted by synovial membrane. - Correct Answer: :synovial fluid 3 types of muscle tissue. - Correct Answer: :Skeletal muscles - attached to bones by tendons. Smooth muscle - involuntary muscles, control breathing, digestive system, blood flow. cardiac muscle - involuntary muscles, heart beat. Nervous system - Correct Answer: :controls all body activities, and allows us to respond to stimuli. Nerve tissue - Correct Answer: :carries electrical messages from the brain and spinal cord that signal muscles to contract. 2 nervous system cells - Correct Answer: :Neurons - carry and transmit information. Neuroglia - support and protect neurons. 3 brain membranes - Correct Answer: :Pia matter - inner membrane. Arachnoid matter - middle membrane. Dura matter - outer membrane. Central nervous system - Correct Answer: :brain & spinal cord. Peripheral nervous system - Correct Answer: :all nerve tissue outside central nervous system.

brain - Correct Answer: :main control unit cerebrum - Correct Answer: :large part of brain, controls mental activities and movement. cerebellum - Correct Answer: :2nd larges part of brain, controls muscle coordination, body balance, and posture. brain stem - Correct Answer: :controls many automatic functions such as heartbeat and breathing. 3 eye layers - Correct Answer: :sclera - white portion. choroid - middle layer, provides nourishment to eye. retina - 3rd layer receive and transmit impressions to brain. Endocrine system - Correct Answer: :made of glands that produce hormones, has profound influence on metabolism, growth, personality, reproduction. Glands of the Endocrine system - Correct Answer: :pituitary gland. thyroid gland. adrenal gland. pancreas. testes. ovaries. urinary and excretory system - Correct Answer: :Pollution control eliminates waste. organs of the urinary system - Correct Answer: :kidneys - remove excess water and waste from blood , yields urine. Ureters - connect kidneys to urinary bladder bladder - holds urine.

urethra - connect bladder to outside of body, piss tube. Liver - filters blood to remove amino acids and neutralize toxins. skin - eliminates toxins through sweating. respiratory system - Correct Answer: :supplies body with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide. inspiration - Correct Answer: :inhaling air expiration - Correct Answer: :exhaling air organs of respiratory system - Correct Answer: :Nose. pharynx. trachea. lungs. pharynx - Correct Answer: :throat larynx - Correct Answer: :voice box trachea - Correct Answer: :windpipe esophagus - Correct Answer: :tube that carries food from throat to stomach Digestive system - Correct Answer: :converts food into energy (Digestive system) Alimentary system - Correct Answer: :Mouth. esophagus. stomach. small intestine.

large intestine. rectum. anus. Approximately 30 feet long. circulatory system - Correct Answer: :transportation network. delivers nutrients and oxygen to body cells and carries away carbon dioxide and other harmful waste products. plasma - Correct Answer: :55% of blood is made up of plasma, yellowish liquid that is composed of 92% water, and proteins. Transports dissolved nutrients, enzymes, waste, through the body. Red blood cells - Correct Answer: :rich in hemoglobin, takes oxygen to lungs, transports carbon dioxide to lungs, life span approximately 120 days white blood cells - Correct Answer: :twice as large as red blood cells, can live for years, produced by bone marrow, they attack, destroy, and digest disease-producing organisms that enter the body. 4 chambers of the heart - Correct Answer: :Atria - upper chambers, Left & Right. Ventricles - Lower chambers, left & right. aorta - Correct Answer: :the largest blood vessel in the body arteries - Correct Answer: :carry blood away from heart veins - Correct Answer: :carry blood to heart capillaries - Correct Answer: :connections between veins and arteries. contamination - Correct Answer: :state of being soiled or infected by contact with infectious organisms or other material.

cocci - Correct Answer: :round or spherical shaped, occur in pairs, clusters, or chains. staphylococcus aureus. Bacillus - Correct Answer: :Rods, brick shaped or stick-like. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Spirillum - Correct Answer: :Spirals, comma shaped. helicobacter pylori Bacteria stain tests - Correct Answer: :Gram stain. Ziehl-neilson stain/acid fast stain. Gram positive = purple Gram negative = Red spore - Correct Answer: :microorganisms capable of forming a thick wall around themselves enabling them to survive in adverse conditions. aerobic bacteria - Correct Answer: :requiring oxygen anaerobic bacteria - Correct Answer: :Not requiring oxygen, deep puncture wound preceding tetanus or lockjaw. psychrophiles - Correct Answer: :cold loving bacteria. mesophiles - Correct Answer: :bacteria that grow best at moderate temperature. Most dangerous to humans. thermophiles - Correct Answer: :hot temperature bacteria.

binary fission - Correct Answer: :way microorganisms reproduce multiply by dividing into two cells. vegetative stage - Correct Answer: :state of active growth of microorganisms MRSA - Correct Answer: :methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. bacteria that have developed resistance to methicillin. VRE - Correct Answer: :vancomycin resistant enterococcus. bacteria that are no longer sensitive to vancomycian. virus - Correct Answer: :minute infectious agents that grow only in living tissues or cells. about 1000 times smaller than bacteria. fungi - Correct Answer: :plant-like organisms including molds, mushrooms, and yeasts. Feed on living or dead organisms. chain of infection - Correct Answer: :causative agent. reservoir of agent. portal of exit. mode of transmission. portal of entry. susceptible host. regulation - Correct Answer: :mandatory law or rule that is issued by a governing body. standard - Correct Answer: :method of defining basic parameters for processes, products, services, and measurements. regulatory standard - Correct Answer: :benchmark that is mandated by a governing agency and, if not complied with, may cause a facility to be in violation a d liable for legal penalty.

voluntary standard - Correct Answer: :benchmark that is strongly recommended. statute - Correct Answer: :written and enforceable law enacted by a governing body. FDA - Correct Answer: :Food and Drug administration. Regulates Medical devices, Medical device recalls, device classification. Etc Class 1 device - Correct Answer: :low risk devices. Most hand-held surgical instruments, and ultrasonic cleaners. Subject to general controls which include registration and device listing, device reporting, and quality regulation and labeling. exempt from PMA and 510k Class 2 device - Correct Answer: :pose potential risks great enough to warrant higher level of regulation. Sterilization equipment, packaging materials, biological and chemical indicators. Requires 510k before they can sell these products, subject to performance standards. Class 3 device - Correct Answer: :most stringently regulated, pose greatest risk, heart valves, pacemakers, life sustaining devices. Most obtain a PMA, to demonstrate safety and effectiveness. 510k - Correct Answer: :required for class 1 and class 2 devices, comprehensive package of information designed to demonstrate that the new product is substantially equivalent to one or more devices already being marketed. PMA - Correct Answer: :required for most class 3 devices which are new to the market, a PMA is more complicated to complete because it must prove the device has a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness for its intended use based on valid scientific evidence. FDA Recall Class 1 - Correct Answer: :High Risk. Reasonable chance product will cause serious problems or death. FDA Recall Class 2 - Correct Answer: :Serious Risk. possibility product will cause a temporary or reversible health problem or remote chance that device will cause serious health problem.

FDA Recall Class 3 - Correct Answer: :Low Risk. little chance that using or being exposed to the product will cause health problems. CDC - Correct Answer: :Centers for Disease Control. promote the health and quality of life by preventing and controlling disease, injury, and disability, and by responding to health emergencies. DOT - Correct Answer: :Department of Transportation. EPA - Correct Answer: :Environmental protection agency. create and enforce laws relating to cleaner water, air, and land. Regulate products such as disinfectants, and sanitizers. OSHA - Correct Answer: :Occupational Safety and Health Administration. protect workers from occupational-caused illnesses and injuries. Exposure to bloodborne Pathogens standard and guidelines for the use of Ethylene Oxide sterilization. AAMI - Correct Answer: :Association for the advancement of Medical Instrumentation. Develop new or revise existing recommended practices and standards that address the use, care and processing of devices and systems. ANSI - Correct Answer: :American National standards Institute. promote and facilitate voluntary consensus standards and ensuring their integrity. AORN - Correct Answer: :Association of operating room nurses. Dedicated to providing optimal care to the surgical patient. APIC - Correct Answer: :Association for professionals in infection control and Epidemiology. Dedicated to the prevention and control of infections and related outcomes.

Joint Commission - Correct Answer: :Develops standards for health care facilities. on site surveys at least every three years, loss of accreditation can result in forfeiture of medicare and medicaid payments. USP-NF - Correct Answer: :United states pharmacopoeia - national formulary. creates and revises standards for medicines, dosages, forms, drug substances, and dietary supplements. Also set standards for packaging, labeling, bacteriological purity, pH, and mineral content. SGNA - Correct Answer: :Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and associates. collects information and establishes standards and guidelines relating to the processing of flexible endoscopes. Central Service Umbrella. - Correct Answer: :U-N-S-A-A-A-F-E-J-O. USP-NF. NFPA. State Law. APIC. AORN. AAMI. FDA. EPA. Joint Commission. OSHA. goals of the central service Deparment - Correct Answer: :Eliminate and/or destroy all potentially infectious contaminants present on reusable instruments and equipment. safely distribute instruments and equipment. Establish and enforce standards for decontamination, disinfection and sterilization.

infection - Correct Answer: :invasion of human body tissue by microorganisms which multiply and produce a reaction. the primary purpose of the central service department is to stop the spread of disease producing microorganisms in the healthcare facility. - Correct Answer: :each year approximately 2 million patients, about 10% of those hospitalized in U.S. hospitals develop healthcare facility-associated infection. Resulting in an estimated 90,000 deaths. fingernails of personnel working in high-risk areas should be maintained at a length of. - Correct Answer: :1/4 inch or less because they may harbor microorganisms. Putting on PPE - Correct Answer: :Shoe covers. Gown. Mask/respirator. googles. face shield. Gloves. Removing PPE - Correct Answer: :Shoe covers. gloves. face shield. googles. gown. mask/respirator. PPE - Correct Answer: :specialized clothing or equipment worn by an employee for protection against a hazard. Standard Precautions - Correct Answer: :appropriate barriers to prevent transmission of infectious organisms from contact with blood and all other body fluids, non-intact skin, mucous membranes. It applies to all patients, regardless of diagnosis or presumed infectious status.

OSHA bloodborne pathogens standard, published in 1991. Places responsibility for providing safe work environment on the employer, and contains several key elements. - Correct Answer: :Written exposure control Plan - THE PLAN. Employee Training. Provide Free hep B vaccine. Observe standard precautions. physically remove hazards. provide PPE. Clean/sanitary work environment. biohazard signs. disposal of all sharps in rigid containers. proper transport of contaminated items. Decontamination work area - Correct Answer: :60°F-65°F 30%-60% humidity. 10 air exchanges per hour. Negative air pressure. preparation and packaging work area - Correct Answer: :68°F-73°F 30%-60% humidity. 10 air exchanges per hour. positive air pressure. Clean/sterile storage - Correct Answer: :75°F or lower less than 70% humidity. 4 air exchanges per hour. positive air pressure. What to Wear: Biohazard - Correct Answer: :these areas may be contaminated from used equipment, utensils, and instruments. OSHA-required PE is required in these areas.

RED.

What to Wear: Unrestricted - Correct Answer: :general public areas, street clothes may be worn in unrestricted areas. GREEN What to Wear: Semi-Restricted - Correct Answer: :Support areas to the OR, such as central service clean assembly and sterile storage areas, and access corridors to operating rooms. Surgical scrub attire and hair coverings are required in these areas. WHITE. What to Wear: Restricted - Correct Answer: :areas where sterile procedures are performed. Surgical scrub attire, hair coverings, and masks are required in these areas. Persons working within the sterile field have additional requirements of a sterile surgical gown and gloves. BLUE. fomite - Correct Answer: :an inanimate object that can transmit bacteria. Environmental housekeeping - Correct Answer: :floors should be wet mopped at least daily. Environmental housekeeping - Correct Answer: :horizontal work surfaces such as counters and worktables should be cleaned at least daily. Environmental housekeeping - Correct Answer: :light fixtures or their covers should be cleaned at least every 6 months. Environmental housekeeping - Correct Answer: :walls, cabinets, and racks should be cleaned on a regularly scheduled basis. Workflow - Correct Answer: :the workflow in a central service department is designed to avoid cross- contamination and insure that items efficiently flow through the process from decontamination to storage.

progression from contaminated to steile - Correct Answer: :USER. Decontamination. inspection and assembly. sterilization. sterile storage. USER. asepsis - Correct Answer: :the absence of microorganisms that cause disease aseptic technique - Correct Answer: :any activity or procedure that prevents infection or breaks the chain of infection. asepsis medical - Correct Answer: :reduce the number of microorganisms to minimize their spread. asepsis surgical - Correct Answer: :eliminate the presence of all microorganisms, and/or prevent the introduction of microorganisms to an area. Principles of Asepsis - Correct Answer: :Know what is dirty. Know what is clean. Know what is sterile. keep the 3 conditions separate. Remedy contamination immediately. conductivity - Correct Answer: :measurement of the ability of water to carry an electrical current. deionization - Correct Answer: :process by which ions with an electrical charge are removed from water. reverse osmosis - Correct Answer: :diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane to eliminate impurities that it contains.

silicate - Correct Answer: :mineral commonly found in water that is derived from silca found in quartz and other components. Ideal level in water used for cleaning is 100 ppm or less chloride - Correct Answer: :compound commonly found in water that is created when chlorine is combined with another element or radical, such as a salt or hydrochloric acid. ideal level is 100 ppm or less. total dissolved solids - Correct Answer: :include elements such as iron, silicates, calcium, and magnesium. bluish or rainbow-type stains - Correct Answer: :are caused by iron and silicates in water powdery or chalky stains/build ups - Correct Answer: :are caused by calcium and magnesium in the water. water softeners - Correct Answer: :used to remove calcium and magnesium in water. GAC - granular activated charcoal - Correct Answer: :used to remove chlorides in water. also used to treat water in a deionization or reverse osmosis system, placed before the system to reduce the chlorides that would inhibit effectiveness. Distillation - Correct Answer: :Distillation is the process of heating a liquid until it boils, then condensing and collecting the resultant hot vapors. Removes dissolved solids, gasses and organics, along with particles, bacteria, pyrogens, and endotoxins. Deionization - Correct Answer: :water filtration process whereby total dissolved solids (TDS) are removed from water through ion exchange. In simple terms, by controlling the electric charge of ions in the water, it is possible to remove the TDS. Reverse Osmosis - Correct Answer: :a technique for purifying water, in which pressure is applied to force liquid through a semipermeable membrane in the opposite direction to that in normal osmosis

enzymatic products - Correct Answer: :contain protease enzymes that are useful in removing proteins such as dried-on blood and tissue. Water temperatures should not exceed 140°F because the enzymes become inactive. Protease enzyme - Correct Answer: :protein soils lipase enzyme - Correct Answer: :fat soils amylase enzyme - Correct Answer: :starches chelating agents - Correct Answer: :are chemical compounds that form complexes with metal ions or other substrates. They are also called chelators or sequestering agents. Emulsifier - Correct Answer: :surrounds particles to prevent them from re-attaching and help break bonds that oils can create to trap soil hot water temperatures - Correct Answer: :120°F -165°F gross soil - Correct Answer: :tissue, body fat, blood, and other body substances. point of use preparation - Correct Answer: :helps prolong life of instruments. makes the cleaning process easier. cleaning - Correct Answer: :removal of all visible and non-visible soil, and any other foreign material from the medical device being reprocessed. decontamination - Correct Answer: :removing or reducing contamination by infectious organisms or other harmful substances. cleaning is: - Correct Answer: :the first step in reprocessing a device after use.

Emergency eyewash/shower equipment - Correct Answer: :should be accessible within 10 seconds or 100 feet of potential chemical exposure. Manual cleaning - Correct Answer: :physically remove deposits, water temperature should be below 110°F this will help prevent the coagulation of proteins. idealy between 80°F-109°F Decontamination area housekeeping - Correct Answer: :work surfaces should be cleaned and disinfected at the beginning and end of each shift. spills spot-cleaned immediately. floors cleaned and disinfected daily. biohazardous waste removed frequently. wetting agent - Correct Answer: :substance that reduces the surface tension of a liquid, and allow the liquid to penetrate or spread more easily across the surface of a solid. detergents - Correct Answer: :substances that can dislodge, remove, and disperse solid and liquid soils from a surface being cleaned. lower surface tension. break up and disperse soil. keep soils and dirt in suspension. when cleaning aluminum or stainless steel a "to and fro" motion in the direction of the grain should be used rather than a circular motion. - Correct Answer: :this will help to prevent scratching the surface of the item and causing damage. 3 sink arrangement used for manual cleaning - Correct Answer: :wash sink with water and a detergent solution. intermediate rinse sink, plain or softened/deionzed water. final rinse sink distilled/deionized water. washers - Correct Answer: :automated equipment used to clean decontaminate or disinfect and dry medical devices.