Medical/AMLS Final Exam Review With 100% Correct And Verified Answers 2024, Exams of Advanced Education

Download Medical/AMLS Final Exam Review With 100% Correct And Verified Answers 2024 and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! Medical/AMLS Final Exam Review With 100% Correct And Verified Answers 2024 Headache, nuchal rigidity, fever/chills and photophobia is a classic sign of: - Correct Answer-Meningitis Patients who have headache and fever should be assessed for: (which sign(s)?) - Correct Answer-Kernig's (pain when extension of knee at sitting position; 'K' in Kernigs and knee) and Brudzinsky's signs (involuntary flexing of legs when flexing neck). Positive tests would indicate meningitis. Fluid shifting in lungs is: - Correct Answer-ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrom); occurs during shock or can also happen because of pneumonia, aspiration, pancreatitis or drug overdose. High mortality Epiglottitis VS Croup VS Meningitis - Correct Answer-Epiglottis: High grade fever (>102*F), Sore throat, Drooling, Leaning forward Croup: Seal bark cough at night, Low grade fever(<102*F), Stridor Meningitis: Stiff neck, fever/chills, photophobia, Fever with seizures. Dental pain, fever, dysphagia and possible firm red pronounced swelling around throat: - Correct Answer-Ludwig's Angina Activation of the RAA Pathway is caused by: - Correct Answer-Dehydration, Drop in Na, or Hemorrhage (which all, essentially, can lead to shock) With regards to RAA: When a drop in BP is sensed by kidneys, they will release ________ which will - Correct Answer-Renin(think "RENal"/"RENin"; will combine with angiotensinogen (in blood) to make Angiotensin I. There's an enzyme in your lungs called ACE which stands for ________. As Angiotensin-1 is carried from your blood stream to your lungs, it combines with ACE and becomes _________. - Correct Answer-Angiotensin Converting Enzyme; Angiotensin-2. Angiotensin-2 specifically activates the ________________ to secrete _______________ - Correct Answer-adrenal cortex; aldosterone aldosterone - Correct Answer-Causes water and salt retention in blood, thus increasing blood pressure. ADH vs Aldosterone - Correct Answer-What's the difference between ADH and Aldosterone? ADH Keeps water, and water only; Aldosterone keeps water and salt. ........ If you eat food that's high in salts, you increase the tonicity of your bloodstream when it's absorbed and become hypertonic. That triggers ADH which causes your kidneys to retain water and only water. A drop in blood pressure will also cause ADH release because there's a multiplicity to the body all the time. There's never been a clinical case of somebody overproducing ADH. But there are clinical cases of lower than normal ADH levels (deficiency) which goes by the name of diabetes insipidus. What's diabetes insipidus? If you can't make ADH, you pee a lot because you have no way of not-peeing a lot. The word diabetes means to pee a lot. There's diabetes mellitus. Mellitus means sweet. So this is sweet pee. Insipidus is pee that doesn't taste sweet. These two diabetes were recognized by ancient greeks. When people would pee a lot, they would taste their urine. If it tastes sweet, it was called diabetes mellitus, and if it wasn't sweet it was called diabetes insipidus. Angiotenson, Renin and Aldosterone increase - Correct Answer-preload and afterload. During compensatory shock renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated to cause: - Correct Answer-Increase preload afterload and reabsorption of sodium Cullen's vs Murphy's vs Kehr's VS Grey Turner - Correct Answer-Cullen's: Bruising around umbilicus; acute pancreatitis (the "C" in 'Cullen' wraps around the umbilicus) Murphy's sign: Tenderness in RUQ during inspiration (For Cholecystitis/Gall Bladder infection). Murphy's law- you' gonna get cholecystitis/gall bladder infection) Kehr's Sign: R Shoulder pain; splenic rupture or ectopic pregnancy. K almost looks like an "R" If you draw a line at the top of it. Should is on 'top' of spelee Grey Turner's Sign: Blue discoloration around flanks. Grey's anatomy would see something severe like this. Sympathomimetics: - Correct Answer-Simulate sympathetic nervous system. Alpha and Beta stimulants; Epinepherine, Dopamine, Albuterol, Levophed AntiCholinergic - Correct Answer-Opposite of parasympathomimetics effect. So it combats SLUDGE: Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defication, GI problems, Emisis L Pain radiates to R in UQ's? - Correct Answer-Pancreatitis. Pancreatitis VS Appendicitis VS Gastroenteritis - Correct Answer-Pancreatitis: mild to severe upper abdominal pain often centered in the mid-epigastric area. The pain often radiates to the back and/or the chest, may be consistent for several hours, and may - S/S & Tx? - Correct Answer-Mild: shivering and talking ; gets blanket and get them out of the environment and warm fluids if avalable VS Critical : unconscious, avoidrough handling. If they go into V-Fib they get one shock and one round of drugs. Someone stranded on a hot day in woods - cool off and give fluids, intubate on side of mountain, you must do it the whole way down... - Correct Answer- Foul smelling diharrea, cramping and taking antibiotics for a long time: - Correct Answer-C-Dif (clostridium difficile). Problem in old people: - Correct Answer-immuned system is weakend, cant get a fever (an, look for all of the following except...) CHF presentation but BP has now fallen is in ____ shock. Tx? - Correct Answer-CHF presentation but BP has now fallen - Cardiogenic Shock. Rx is dopamine drip CHF patient w/ osteoperosis, neck broken, how to transport ? - Correct Answer-KED TKO rate per hour is: ___/hr or ____ dpm - Correct Answer-25 cc's per hour = 4 dpm Food from same place and everyone's sick immediately afterwards: - Correct Answer- Food poisoning (Viruses and Flu have an incubation period) Female after jogging sudden onset of pain and bleeding is: - Correct Answer-ectopic Sickle cell crisis, how do you know it's getting worse? - Correct Answer-Makes all symptoms go up (SOB/Pain) and Priapism ; - Metabolic Acidotic ( Vasodiolate) Lukemia destroys white blood cells can't fight infection - don't : - Correct Answer-start an IV bc it can increase the risk for infection Lock jaw caused by - Correct Answer-Tetanus Rabies will cause: - Correct Answer-severe abdominal pain, slurred speech, headache Rattle snake bite needs: - Correct Answer-Fluids; no constricting band or cold packs Chronic hypertension and blood thinners, risk of : - Correct Answer-Hemorrhagic stroke Pt tries to kill themselves find out if they ingested anything, you need to find out: - Correct Answer-what TIME they did it (watch for secondary attempt) Headache when lying down and goes away after work . Pain happening for a week - Possible: - Correct Answer-Slow head bleed or stroke (check pupils and stroke test)