MEDSURG NCLEX FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS 2024-2025 UPDATED GRADED A+., Exams of Nursing

Download MEDSURG NCLEX FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS 2024-2025 UPDATED GRADED A+. and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! MEDSURG NCLEX FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS 2024-2025 UPDATED GRADED A+. A patient has been receiving chemotherapy and radiation for a diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. In your morning assessment you notice the patient has new onset facial edema, distention of head and neck veins, and dyspnea. Which oncologic emergency would be suspected? a. Hypercalcemia b. Spinal Cord Compression c. Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS) d. Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) - Exact answer c. Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS) When providing education to a patient newly diagnosed with cirrhosis, what information should be included? (select all that apply) a. Inform the patient that cirrhosis is an acute condition that can be alleviated with the correct drug regimen b. Avoid aspirin and NSAIDs to prevent hemorrhage c. Limit alcohol consumption to one drink per week d. Teach symptoms of complications and when to seek medical attention e. Avoid hepatotoxic over-the-counter (OTC) drugs - Exact answer b. Avoid aspirin and NSAIDs to prevent hemorrhage d. Teach symptoms of complications and when to seek medical attention e. Avoid hepatotoxic over-the-counter (OTC) drugs A nurse is teaching a patient about prevention of a second UTI. Which of the statements made by the patient requires further intervention? a. "I will stop taking my antibiotic once the symptoms are gone." b. "I should consider drinking unsweetened cranberry juice in my diet." c. "I will urinate regularly approximately every 3-4 hours" d. "I will remember to drink fluids adequately." - Exact answer a. "I will stop taking my antibiotic once the symptoms are gone." A nursing student is teaching a patient about management of constipation. The nursing instructor would intervene if the student made which statement? (Select all that apply) a. The use of laxatives and enemas will help free up blockage. b. Eat foods with high fiber like raw vegetables and beans c. Drink about 3 quarts of fluid including coffee and energy drinks. d. Establish a regular time to defecate. e. Exercise about 3 times a week. - Exact answer a. The use of laxatives and enemas will help free up blockage. c. Drink about 3 quarts of fluid including coffee and energy drinks. A nurse is reviewing lab values for a patient admitted to the hospital for acute pancreatitis, what lab values would the nurse expect to see? (Select all that apply.) a.) Elevated Serum Amylase b.) Decreased Phosphorus c.) Decreased Calcium d.) Elevated Serum Lipase - Exact answer a.) Elevated Serum Amylase c.) Decreased Calcium d.) Elevated Serum Lipase The nurse knows, which of the following patients is most at risk of having another flair up of their chronic pancreatitis? a.) A 72-year-old female, who enjoys eating fried foods regularly and states she prefers to eat late dinners just before bedtime. b.) A 23-year-old male, who was hospitalized with spleen injury after a MVA, who states he drinks several times a week with his friends, and takes NSAIDs to treat abdominal pain from his accident. c.) A 56-year-old male, who prefers drinking milk instead of water with meals, and states his diet consists of mostly legumes and fish. d.) Internal jugular - Exact answer b.) Cephalic or basilic vein with radial artery When providing education about diet for a patient who has had a history of gout and urinary calculi, the nurse should tell the patient to avoid or limit which of the following food selections (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY) a. Liver b. Corn c. Mussels d. Salmon e. Tomatoes - Exact answer a. Liver c. Mussels d. Salmon A 12-year-old patient presents with poor skin turgor, dry mucus membranes, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, lethargy, weakness, and has rapid deep respirations with a sweet fruity odor. The nurse suspects this patient is suffering from a. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome b. Diabetic Ketoacidosis c. Insulin excess d. Dehydration - Exact answer b. Diabetic Ketoacidosis A 43 year old woman is diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). What guidelines can the nurse provide to her for managing her symptoms? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. a.) Lie down after eating to relieve pressure b.) Having peppermint or tea after eating can soothe any discomfort c.) Avoid late night snacking d.) Eating small, more frequent meals is better than eating a few large meals per day e.) Drinking fluids between meals and not with meals can help prevent reflux - Exact answer c.) Avoid late night snacking d.) Eating small, more frequent meals is better than eating a few large meals per day e.) Drinking fluids between meals and not with meals can help prevent reflux A 26 year old male presents to the Emergency Department with 2 days of bloody stools, abdominal cramping, and watery diarrhea. He is diagnosed with e-coli poisoning. When explaining what he ate the past few days, which items might you suspect as the e-coli carrying culprit? a.) A bowl of oatmeal with brown sugar and raisins b.) Vegetable soup c.) A chocolate brownie d.) A cheeseburger and fries - Exact answer d.) A cheeseburger and fries A patient comes into the hospital and based on the complete history and physical examination he/she is diagnosed with Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis. What are the clinical manifestations that the health care provider is going to see? (Select all that apply) a.) Proteinuria b.) Hematuria with smoky appearance c.) Hyperlipidemia d.) Periorbital edema e.) Flu-like symptoms - Exact answer a.) Proteinuria b.) Hematuria with smoky appearance d.) Periorbital edema After a patient comes into the hospital for an AKI and you notice that he/she is experiencing severe dehydration, and oliguria. The patient does not encompass any damage to the kidney tissue but is experiencing decreased circulating blood volume, which stage of AKI would this patient be in? a.) Acute tubular necrosis b.) Intrarenal c.) Prerenal d.) Postrenal - Exact answer c.) Prerenal A nurse is educating a female patient about to be discharged from the hospital after being treated for a urinary tract infection (UTI). The nurse recognizes the patient correctly understands the education material when they make the following statements, EXCEPT? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY) a.) I should urinate approximately every 3-4 hours throughout the day b.) I should take bubble bathes as a way to get everything clean down there c.) I should be emptying my bladder before and after sexual intercourse d.) I should be wiping from front to back after urinating e.) I should stop taking my antibiotics once the symptoms of my urinary tract infection (UTI) are gone - Exact answer b.) I should take bubble bathes as a way to get everything clean down there e.) I should stop taking my antibiotics once the symptoms of my urinary tract infection (UTI) are gone A patient is presenting to the emergency department with confirmed anaphylactic shock after eating peanuts. Which order by the doctor would the nurse question in regard to the treatment of this patient? a.) Epinephrine IM b.) Albuterol c.) Nitroglycerin d.) Diphenhydramine - Exact answer c.) Nitroglycerin A patient is admitted to the hospital with a ventricular septal rupture. He is experiencing tachycardia, tachypnea, crackles, and a narrowing pulse pressure. The patient is suspected to be in cardiogenic shock. The nurse would question which medication ordered? a) Nitroglycerin b) Dobutamine c) Furosemide d) Norepinephrine e) Dopamine - Exact answer d) Norepinephrine During an hourly neurological assessment of a patient suffering from neurogenic shock, which of the following signs or symptoms would the nurse find most concerning? a.) Delirium b.) Restlessness c.) Decreased responsiveness to stimuli d.) Pupils nonreactive and dilated - Exact answer d.) Pupils nonreactive and dilated You are caring for a patient diagnosed with Acute Kidney injury. In educating the patient about this disease, you describe the different types of AKI as prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal. Which of the following are potential causes of prerenal AKI? Select all that apply. a) Severe dehydration b) Heart failure c) Damage to kidney tissue d) Decreased cardiac output e) Nephrotoxins - Exact answer a) Severe dehydration b) Heart failure d) Decreased cardiac output A patient is diagnosed with Grave's disease. They are scheduled to have a complete thyroidectomy. What post-op complication should the nurse educate the patient on that involves an excessive amount of thyroid hormone being released into circulation and is considered a medical emergency if left untreated? a) Thyroid Storm b) Exophthalmos c) Goiter d) Hyperthyroidism e) Decreased basal metabolic rate - Exact answer a) Thyroid Storm A patient diagnosed with chronic kidney disease questions the nurse on his possibility of a kidney transplant. The nurse knows that which of the following factors would cause the patient to be unable to receive a kidney transplant (select all that apply): A. Unmanaged Bipolar II disorder B. Being over age 70 C. Having no familial relatives with a viable kidney to donate D. Disseminated lung cancer E. Being HIV positive F. Chronic respiratory failure - Exact answer A. Unmanaged Bipolar II disorder D. Disseminated lung cancer F. Chronic respiratory failure A student nurse is discussing risk factors for renal cell carcinoma with an experienced nurse. The experienced nurse should intervene if the student describes which of the following as a risk factor for developing this type of cancer? A. Smoking one pack of cigarettes per day B. A blood pressure of 110/76 C. A body mass index of 31 kg/m2 D. Workplace exposure to asbestos and gasoline - Exact answer B. A blood pressure of 110/76 Which statement(s) is/are correct about Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)? Select all that apply. a) The most common intrarenal cause is acute tubular necrosis. b) The onset is gradual and often over many years. c) Prerenal and postrenal AKI usually resolves quickly with treatment. d) The RIFLE classification is used to describe the stages of AKI. e) Diagnostic criteria of AKI are acute reduction in urine output and /or elevation in serum creatinine. - Exact answer a) The most common intrarenal cause is acute tubular necrosis. c) Prerenal and postrenal AKI usually resolves quickly with treatment. d) The RIFLE classification is used to describe the stages of AKI. e) Diagnostic criteria of AKI are acute reduction in urine output and /or elevation in serum creatinine. What is Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)? a) Inflammation of the mucosa of the stomach and small intestine with sudden diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, and abdominal cramping. b) Disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain or discomfort and alteration of bowel patterns between diarrhea and constipation. c) Chronic symptom of mucosal damage caused by reflux of stomach acid into the lower esophagus. d) Chronic inflammation of the GI tract characterized by periods of remission interspersed with periods of exacerbation. e) Syndrome defined by difficult or infrequent stools; hard, dry stools that are difficult to pass; or a feeling of incomplete evacuation. - Exact answer d) Chronic inflammation of the GI tract characterized by periods of remission interspersed with periods of exacerbation. After providing education to a patient with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) receiving bi-weekly Peritoneal Dialysis, which of the following statements indicates that dietary coaching has been effective? a. "I can drink as much water as I want as long as my weight and blood pressure are controlled." b. "My daily protein intake should be 2.1 g/kg of my ideal body weight." c. "My nutritional energy sources should come primarily from carbohydrate and fat sources." d. "I will not require supplements to balance my nutritional needs if I'm receiving erythropoietin." - Exact answer a. "I can drink as much water as I want as long as my weight and blood pressure are controlled." Which of the following are risk factors for developing Chronic Kidney Disease? (Select all that apply) a. Diabetes Mellitus b. Hypertension c. Minority population status d. Burns - Exact answer a. Diabetes Mellitus a. Proteinuria b. RBCs c. WBs d. Casts e. Glucose - Exact answer a. Proteinuria b. RBCs d. Casts A 59-year-old male is admitted to the ER with a distended abdomen thought to be ascites. Ascites is a common manifestation of cirrhosis. What are three mechanisms that lead to ascites? (Select all that apply) a. Hyperaldosteronism b. Inflammation of the sphincter of Oddi associated with cholelithiasis c. Portal hypertension d. Hypoalbuminemia e. Pancreatic abscess - Exact answer a. Hyperaldosteronism c. Portal hypertension d. Hypoalbuminemia Central Venous Access Devices (CVADs) have several potential complications. Careful monitoring and assessment may assist in early identification of potential complications. What is a manifestation of a pneumothorax, if it would occur? a. Sluggish infusion or aspiration b. Dysrhythmias c. Systemic: fever, chills, malaise d. Decreased or absent breath sounds - Exact answer d. Decreased or absent breath sounds A 54-year-old female patient has a suspected infection. Which of the following findings support a diagnosis of sepsis? Select all that apply a) Temperature of 101.3°F b) RBC count 6.2 x 1012/L c) Lactate 3 mmol/L d) Heart Rate 110 beats/min e) Respiratory Rate 10/min - Exact answer a) Temperature of 101.3°F c) Lactate 3 mmol/L d) Heart Rate 110 beats/min The insulin regiment that most closely mimics endogenous insulin production is the basal-bolus regimen. Which of the following types of insulin is used as a basal insulin to maintain blood glucose levels in between meals and overnight? a) Lispro (Humalog) b) Aspart (Novolog) c) Regular (Humulin R) d) Glulisine (Apidra) e) Glargine (Lantus) - Exact answer e) Glargine (Lantus) A patient undergoing hemodialysis begins to experience complications. Which of the following are known complications associated with hemodialysis? Select all that apply. a. Hypertension b. Muscle cramps c. Loss of blood d. Hepatitis - Exact answer b. Muscle cramps c. Loss of blood d. Hepatitis Which of the following is true of hypovolemic shock? a. blood products are not initiated as volume replacement until volume loss is greater than 40% b. the size of the vascular compartment increases while the fluid volume decreases c. relative hypovolemia is seen in burn patients d. drug therapy for hypovolemic shock is administration of vasopressors and antibiotics - Exact answer c. relative hypovolemia is seen in burn patients Patrick, a 65-year-old man, has been recently diagnosed with Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome (HHS). What are some common causes that could have led to the diagnosis of this syndrome? (Select all that apply) a.) Urinary tract infection b.) Pneumonia c.) Sepsis d.) Undiagnosed type 1 diabetes e.) Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes - Exact answer a.) Urinary tract infection b.) Pneumonia c.) Sepsis e.) Newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes Stacey, a 61-year-old woman, states that almost every time she sneezes, coughs or laughs she urinates a little bit and is unable to control it from happening. What type of urinary incontinence is this patient most likely experiencing? a.) Urge Incontinence b.) Stress Incontinence c.) Overflow Incontinence d.) Functional Incontinence - Exact answer b.) Stress Incontinence When providing education to a group of adults targeted by a community outreach program the nurse should include the following information to teach ways to decrease the risk of contracting HIV. (Select all that apply) a.) Kiss individuals only after knowing their HIV status b.) Increase safe sex practices, including always wearing a condom and decrease number of sex partners c. Head support to avoid stress on the sutures d. Have patient preform range of motion and neck exercises immediately - Exact answer d. Have patient preform range of motion and neck exercises immediately A patient who is about to receive Radioactive Iodine Therapy is asking you how It works. SELECT ALL THAT APPLY that you would explain to the patient about this process of Iodine Therapy: a. The Iodine is picked up by the thyroid gland b. It may take up to 3 months for full benefit c. The patient will need to follow radiation precautions for a few weeks after therapy d. The Iodine therapy destroys the overactive thyroid cells over time e. The treatment involves making a small incision on the patient's neck - Exact answer a. The Iodine is picked up by the thyroid gland b. It may take up to 3 months for full benefit c. The patient will need to follow radiation precautions for a few weeks after therapy d. The Iodine therapy destroys the overactive thyroid cells over time A patient has recently been diagnosed with cancer of the bladder. She has become incontinent and is undergoing urinary diversion surgery tomorrow. At the preoperative appointment you are educating the patient on what to expect postoperatively. You know the patient requires further teaching if they make which statement? a. It is normal for my stoma to shrink within the first couple weeks of surgery. b. I will need to limit my fluid intake at home to prevent excess urine from seeping from my stoma. c. I will be fitted for a permanent appliance 7-10 days after my surgery. d. After my surgery I will need to continue using my incentive spirometer to prevent my lungs from collapsing. - Exact answer b. I will need to limit my fluid intake at home to prevent excess urine from seeping from my stoma. A 42-year-old female has been diagnosed with hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease. A student nurse is educating the patient about the disease, its sign and symptoms and precipitating factors. The registered nurse is confident that student nurse understands this illness when the student nurse makes which following statements? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY) a. Graves disease is caused by a virus and it affects your thyroid levels but with the proper medication, you can cure this infection. b. One hallmark sign for Graves' disease is exophthalmos c. Clinical manifestations of this illness include warm, smooth, and moist skin d. Clinical manifestations of this illness include thick, cold, and dry skin. e. Without proper treatment this disease can result in hypothyroidism - Exact answer b. One hallmark sign for Graves' disease is exophthalmos c. Clinical manifestations of this illness include warm, smooth, and moist skin e. Without proper treatment this disease can result in hypothyroidism The nurse is caring for a patient who develops septic shock. The nurse knows to take which of the following actions? (Select all that apply). a. Administer large amounts of isotonic crystalloid fluid replacement. b. Start antibiotic therapy and then obtain cultures. c. Maintain glucose levels below 180 mg/dL. d. Perform a cardiac catheterization as soon as possible. e. Monitor vital signs, especially temperature. - Exact answer a. Administer large amounts of isotonic crystalloid fluid replacement. c. Maintain glucose levels below 180 mg/dL. e. Monitor vital signs, especially temperature. A nurse is teaching a patient newly diagnosed with Interstitial cystitis (IS) and Painful Bladder Syndrome (PBS) about his condition. The nurse realizes that further teaching is necessary when the patient states? a. "I may experience pain and bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) such as frequency and urgency". b. "I will be taking antibiotics to treat interstitial cystitis". c. "If my condition becomes severs, I may urinate as often as 60 times per day". d. "Pain is often temporarily relieved by urination". - Exact answer b. "I will be taking antibiotics to treat interstitial cystitis". A 24-year-old female is admitted to the hospital for sickle cell crisis. She is ready to discharge and the nurse is preparing her discharge education. What should the nurse include in her teaching? (Select all that apply) A. Avoid areas of high elevation B. Use of home oxygen therapy C. Genetic testing for her and her partner D. Maintain adequate fluid intake E. Treat infections promptly - Exact answer A. Avoid areas of high elevation C. Genetic testing for her and her partner D. Maintain adequate fluid intake E. Treat infections promptly A patient diagnosed with an uncomplicated urinary tract infection is given education on how to prevent further infections from occuring. The nurse should intervene if the patient makes which statement? A. "My job is so busy, sometimes I go all day without being able to go to the bathroom." B. "I am sad I can no longer take bubble baths" C. "I will ensure to maintain proper hygiene, especially after a bowel movement." D. "I love cranberry juice! I will buy some on my way home." - Exact answer A. "My job is so busy, sometimes I go all day without being able to go to the bathroom." The nurse is caring for a male patient who is suspected of being in metabolic syndrome. The nurse understands that this puts the patient at d. A 60-year-old Hispanic female with hyperlipidemia and blood pressure of 130/80. - Exact answer b. An 80-year-old Native American with diabetes and polypharmacy. A patient asks the student nurse to explain common symptoms of a lower urinary tract infection. The student nurse would be correct if they gave all the symptoms except which of the following? a. Dysuria b. Suprapubic discomfort c. Flank pain d. Urgency - Exact answer c. Flank pain When hemodialysis is performed, the nurse will want to closely observe the patient for a decrease in blood pressure that will manifest itself in which way(s) (Select all that apply.) a. vision changes b. increases cardiovascular disease c. seizure activity d. nausea/vomiting - Exact answer a. vision changes c. seizure activity d. nausea/vomiting Which statement(s) would be considered correct in regards to the onset, peak, and duration for the following types of insulin? (Select all that apply). a. Rapid acting insulin has an onset of 10-30 minutes, a peak of 30 minutes - 3 hours, and a duration of 3-5 hours. b. Short acting insulin has an onset of 1.5-4 hours, a peak of 4-12 hours, and a duration of 12-18 hours c. Intermediate insulin has an onset of 30 minutes-1 hour, a peak of 2-5 hours, and a duration of 5-8 hours d. Long acting insulin has an onset of 0.8-4 hours, no pronounced/less defined peak, and a duration of 16-24 hours e. Inhaled insulin has an onset of 12-15 minutes, a peak of 60 minutes, and a duration of 2.5-3 hours. - Exact answer a. Rapid acting insulin has an onset of 10-30 minutes, a peak of 30 minutes - 3 hours, and a duration of 3-5 hours. d. Long acting insulin has an onset of 0.8-4 hours, no pronounced/less defined peak, and a duration of 16-24 hours e. Inhaled insulin has an onset of 12-15 minutes, a peak of 60 minutes, and a duration of 2.5-3 hours. A female patient with an uncomplicated UTI requires further teaching by the nurse when they make which statement? a. "I should finish my dose of Bactrim that the doctor prescribed for me in three days unless otherwise noted." b. "I should drink at least six 8-oz glasses of water every day to prevent a further UTI from occurring." c. "I should urinate regularly (approximately every 3-4 hours) instead of holding it in." d. "I should take regular bubble baths in order to properly cleanse the urethral area." - Exact answer d. "I should take regular bubble baths in order to properly cleanse the urethral area." The nurse is educating a female patient with a recent diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease who is 5'4 and 200 pounds. What statement if made by the patient should communicate to the nurse that the patient may need more education? a. "I will continue my regular nighttime routine of having a glass of wine with a piece of chocolate" b. "I will avoid drinking milk" c. "I will eat small, frequent meals and stop eating 3 hours before laying down." d. "I will start a low-fat diet and weight reduction plan." - Exact answer a. "I will continue my regular nighttime routine of having a glass of wine with a piece of chocolate" A nurse is coming onto their shift and is receiving report on a 76-year-old male patient who arrived on the floor yesterday with dysuria, general abdominal pain and white blood cells in his urine. What signs, if seen, may indicate that emergent care is needed? a. Patient, who was alert and oriented yesterday, is now confused and agitated b. Patient has a HR of 65, which has been stable since the beginning of her stay c. The patient's hands are warm and mottled d. The patient has a lactate level of 2.0 which is up from 0.75 yesterday e. Patient has had no urine output in the last 12 hours - Exact answer a. Patient, who was alert and oriented yesterday, is now confused and agitated c. The patient's hands are warm and mottled d. The patient has a lactate level of 2.0 which is up from 0.75 yesterday e. Patient has had no urine output in the last 12 hours A nurse is caring for a patient recovering a motor vehicle accident (MVA) is experiencing Neurogenic Shock, which action by the nurse should be questioned? a.) The use of phenylephrine b.) The use of atropine c.) Rapid infusion of IV fluids d.) The use of a collar to promote spinal stability - Exact answer c.) Rapid infusion of IV fluids When caring for a colectomy post-op day 2 patient, the nurse becomes concerned the patient has developed sepsis when he starts experiencing which of the following symptoms? (Select all that apply) a.) A temperature of 36 degrees Celsius b.) An INR of 1.6 c.) A HR of 92 beats per minute d. Leukocyte count of 11,000 e.) A blood pressure of 92/54 - Exact answer a.) A temperature of 36 degrees Celsius b.) An INR of 1.6 c.) A HR of 92 beats per minute e.) A blood pressure of 92/54 d. The unit of packed red blood cells is prepared for administration using Y- type tubing and D5W After providing education to a patient with gastroesophageal reflux disease, the nurse knows that more education is necessary when the patient makes which statement? a. "I will take omeprazole every morning on an empty stomach" b. "I will be sad to say goodbye to my bedtime chocolate milk" c. "I will start eating smaller, more frequent meals" d. "I will be sure to sleep without a pillow so that the contents of my stomach are more evenly distributed" - Exact answer d. "I will be sure to sleep without a pillow so that the contents of my stomach are more evenly distributed" A 43 year old male patient has early alcoholic cirrhosis with mild edema in the lower extremities. The nurse explains how to manage cirrhosis and she determines her teaching has been effective when the teach back given by the patient states: (Select all that apply) A. I should stick with a high-carb moderate protein diet B. I should restrict sodium intake C. I should take a specific drug to treat Cirrhosis D. I should be in a semi-fowlers position while in the hospital - Exact answer A. I should stick with a high-carb moderate protein diet B. I should restrict sodium intake D. I should be in a semi-fowlers position while in the hospital What would the nurse assess for in a patient with possible urinary tract calculi? A). A male patient describes pain near the groin area. B). A patient describes the pain on a 0-10 scale as a 2. C). Patient is resting in the chair watching T.V. D). Patient is not nauseous. - Exact answer A). A male patient describes pain near the groin area. The nurse is providing patient and caregiver teaching for a patient recently diagnosed with Neutropenia. The nurse will include which of the following in his/her teaching: (Select all that applies) a) The patient should not use antibacterial hand gel to sanitize their hands. b) The patient should notify the health care provider if they have a fever of 100.4 or above. c) The patient should do moderate exercises and walking. d) The patient should avoid activities that involve a large number of people. e) The patient should report any changes in urination and bowel habits. - Exact answer b) The patient should notify the health care provider if they have a fever of 100.4 or above. c) The patient should do moderate exercises and walking. d) The patient should avoid activities that involve a large number of people. e) The patient should report any changes in urination and bowel habits. The nurse is explaining the goals of antiretroviral therapy to a patient. Which explanation by the nurse is correct on how this therapy will slow the progression of HIV? a) The goal of antiretroviral therapy is to cure HIV by eliminating the viral load from the blood. b) The goal of antiretroviral therapy is to decrease the amount of virus load in the blood and to keep the CD4+ T cell count at 800 to 1200 cells/µL. c) The goal of antiretroviral therapy is to maintain the CD4+ T cell count at 200 cells/µL. d) The goal of antiretroviral therapy is to reduce the risk of lipodystrophy, a common metabolic disorder found in patients with HIV. - Exact answer b) The goal of antiretroviral therapy is to decrease the amount of virus load in the blood and to keep the CD4+ T cell count at 800 to 1200 cells/µL. 34-year-old male, Jeffery Young, is on his way to the Emergency Department following a bar fight. Emergency Medical Technicians have reported to dispatch an estimated blood loss of 2000 ml. With this information the Nurse knows to expect which manifestations of acute blood loss? (Select all that apply) a.) Shock b.) Low Blood Pressure c.) Rapid, thready pulse d.) Lactic acidosis e.) Cold, clammy skin - Exact answer b.) Low Blood Pressure c.) Rapid, thready pulse e.) Cold, clammy skin Adriana Ottwell is in the observation unit following a cholecystectomy. The nurse receives orders from the physician to prepare the patient for discharge. Patient education is successful if Adriana makes what statement concerning ambulatory care? a.) "I can stop taking my anti-biotics as soon as the surgical wound heals." b.) "Vomiting is normal after my surgery and I shouldn't be concerned." c.) "I should take it easy but I can return to normal activities gradually." d.) "I can pick up my 18 month old child when he wants to be held." - Exact answer c.) "I should take it easy but I can return to normal activities gradually." A 42-year-old female has recently been diagnosed with acromegaly. The patient may experience all of the following EXCEPT: a. Visual changes b. Tongue enlargement c. Crippling joint pain d. Longer bones in arms and legs - Exact answer d. Longer bones in arms and legs The nurse takes care of a patient recovering from a subtotal thyroidectomy. After successful surgery which nursing interventions should be included in the plan of care? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY. a. Assess the patient every 2 hours for 24 hours for signs of hemorrhage or tracheal compression. b. Administer iodine and B-adrenergic blockers to achieve euthyroid state. The nurse is providing care to a patient diagnosed with a proximal small intestine obstruction. The nurse is monitoring for common manifestations of a proximal small intestine obstruction and knows they include all of the following except? a. Frequent and copious vomiting b. Increased abdominal distention c. Frequent cramping d. Rapid onset of pain e. Rapid dehydration - Exact answer b. Increased abdominal distention The nurse is providing care for a patient with acute kidney infection, the nurse knows that this patient has an increased risk for which potential complications? (Select all that apply) a. Hyperkalemia b. Neurologic disorders c. Metabolic acidosis d. Respiratory infection - Exact answer a. Hyperkalemia b. Neurologic disorders c. Metabolic acidosis d. Respiratory infection Important nursing interventions when caring for a patient with SIADH include (Select all that apply) a. Fluid restriction b. Increase fluids c. Administer a loop diuretic d. Initiate seizure and fall precautions e. Elevate the HOB 45 degrees f. Frequent turning and positioning - Exact answer a. Fluid restriction c. Administer a loop diuretic d. Initiate seizure and fall precautions f. Frequent turning and positioning A student nurse is explaining to a patient about the health risks associated with gynoid obesity. Which statement, if made by the student nurse would require the primary nurse to intervene? a. Telling the patient they are at risk for developing osteoporosis b. Telling the patient they are at an increased risk for developing varicose veins c. Telling the patient they are at risk for developing diabetes mellitus d. Telling the patient that fatty acids are stored as triglycerides - Exact answer c. Telling the patient they are at risk for developing diabetes mellitus