Meteorology Exam Review, Exams of Nursing

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WX 301 EXAM 2 2024/2025 WITH 100% ACCURATE

SOLUTIONS

During which months does lake effect occur? In which air mass? - Precise Answer ✔✔November- January, cP With airflow from the northwest, which shores of the great lakes does lake effect occur on? - Precise Answer ✔✔Western and northern airflow from the north over the ocean in the southern hemisphere is most likely a ____ air mass - Precise Answer ✔✔mT In the cold air behind a cold front over the ocean, we typically fine a ____ air mass and ____ weather. - Precise Answer ✔✔mP, showery a mP air mass moving from the NE onto the NE US is most likely - Precise Answer ✔✔cool, foggy, and stable a source region for mT airmass is - Precise Answer ✔✔tropical pacific and the gulf of mexico The northwest flow behind a cold front over Texas is most likely ____ with ____ weather. - Precise Answer ✔✔cP, clear and cold The most likely surface weather conditions just to the north of a warm front are - Precise Answer ✔✔easterly flow, cold, with mist, drizzle and light rain Behind (west of) a cold front over Indiana, the air mass ____ and the weather is typically ____. - Precise Answer ✔✔cP, clear and cold The most likely sequence as a cold occlusion passes is - Precise Answer ✔✔cool SE flow followed by slightly colder westerlies

As a midlatitude cyclone occludes, horizontal temperature contrasts ____ over time. - Precise Answer ✔✔Weaken Cold frontal precipitation is typically - Precise Answer ✔✔Convective As a warm front passes, temperature ____ and wind commonly changes from ___ to ___. - Precise Answer ✔✔Rises, easterly, SW The dry line marks the boundary between - Precise Answer ✔✔Warm moist air and warm dry air A cold occlusion has ____ air ahead and ____ air behind. - Precise Answer ✔✔Cool, slightly colder The following weather sequence occurs with the passage of a ____: warm southweasterlies, a period of showers followed by much colder west to northwest winds and clearing. - Precise Answer ✔✔Cold front A surface cold front has just reached Chicago from the west. At 10,000 ft AGL, the cold front will be located ____ of Chicago. - Precise Answer ✔✔West In relation to fronts, an elevated region of vertical wind shear is commonly found - Precise Answer ✔✔West of a cold front, and northeast of a warm front I am in the surface easterly flow just to the north of a surface warm front. The most likely wind direction 15,000 ft above this location is from the - Precise Answer ✔✔Southwest Of a warm front, cold front, or cold occlusion, which has the weakest horizontal temperature contrast? - Precise Answer ✔✔Cold occlusion. A change from cool southwesterlies and rain to slightly warmer notrhwesterlies and clearing occurs with the passage of... - Precise Answer ✔✔Warm occlusion

A warm front is 20 miles south of O'Hare airport with the surface wind blowing from the NE. at 15,000ft above Chicago, the airflow is most likely from - Precise Answer ✔✔the SW In cool mP behind a cold front over the ocean, we typically find - Precise Answer ✔✔occasional showers a dryline has a ____ airmass to the west and a ____ airmass to the east. - Precise Answer ✔✔cT and mT Where do extra-tropical cyclones form? - Precise Answer ✔✔strong horizontal temperature gradient and upper-level divergence Climatologically, where are the strongest horizontal temperature gradients in the winter are found? - Precise Answer ✔✔Just E of North America and just E of Asia Where are developing and newly formed mid latitude cyclones most common? - Precise Answer ✔✔Just E of North America and just E of Asia Where is the frequency of mid-latitude cyclones (at any stage of development) greatest? - Precise Answer ✔✔Near Iceland and the Gulf of Alaska In relation to major mountain ranges, where do mid-latitude cyclones usually form? - Precise Answer ✔✔Downwind Coldest air is usually found west of a surface low. Above the coldest air what is usually found at 300mb? (hint: trough, ridge, jet) - Precise Answer ✔✔300mb jet Cyclones in the winter are ____ frequent and ____ vigorous than in the summer. - Precise Answer ✔✔more, more an occlusion forms when a _____ front catches up with a ___ front. - Precise Answer ✔✔colder, warmer Where does a surface cyclone usually from? - Precise Answer ✔✔A region of divergence east of a 300 mb trough

In Norther Hemisphere where do mid-latitude cyclones typically move toward? - Precise Answer ✔✔East NorthEast Favored places for cyclones to from and develop are over the - Precise Answer ✔✔Kuroshio Current and the Gulf Stream Above the warmest air, East of a developing midlatitude surface low, what is typically found at 300mb? (hint: trough, ridge, jet) - Precise Answer ✔✔300 mb ridge As mid-latitude cyclones occlude, horizontal temperature gradient ____ over time. (hint: strengthen or weaken) - Precise Answer ✔✔weaken Which direction do cyclones usually move? Which direction do anitcyclones usually move? - Precise Answer ✔✔ENE, ESE What is typically found at 300mb above a developing surface anticyclone? - Precise Answer ✔✔Southeast flow and divergence Warm advection produces warming. What happens above warm advection east of a deepening surface low? - Precise Answer ✔✔Rising pressure aloft in a ridge Cold advection produces cooling. What happens at 30,000 ft above cold advection west of a deepening surface low? - Precise Answer ✔✔Falling pressure aloft in a trough What is usually found at 300 mb above a deepening surface cyclone? - Precise Answer ✔✔southwesterly flow and divergence In relation to a surface low, where is the coldest air usually found? at what altitude? - Precise Answer ✔✔West of the surface low at 300 mb Rising motion is found beneath ___ and ___ at 300 mb - Precise Answer ✔✔southwest flow and a ridge

When does deepening of a cyclone usually stop? - Precise Answer ✔✔upper trough is directly above a surface low In relation to a surface low, where are most clouds and precipitation found? - Precise Answer ✔✔Near and East of a surface low Under the upper trough, what is the cause of sinking motion? - Precise Answer ✔✔cooling from cold advection Saying tomorrows weather is the same as right now is what type of forecasting? - Precise Answer ✔✔Persistence forecasting Where would information regarding maximum and minimum temperature of a particular area be obtained? - Precise Answer ✔✔Model output statistics Short-term forecasting of thunderstorms by extrapolating the movement of echoes from a weather radar summary chart is known as what type of forecasting? - Precise Answer ✔✔Trend forecasting What type of forecasting is used to say there is a 30% chance of snow on Christmas day? - Precise Answer ✔✔Probability forecasting When forecasts from different models differ greatly, is the weather more or less predictable? - Precise Answer ✔✔Less predictable As forecast lead time increases, does forecast skill increase or decrease? - Precise Answer ✔✔Decrease A numerical forecast is __ and __accurate when the grid points are further apart - Precise Answer ✔✔Faster, Less Forecasting an unfolding flood situation by tracking echoes in a radar loop is an example of what type of forecasting? - Precise Answer ✔✔Nowcasting

Quoting the average wind and temperature for a particular date in the future is an example of what type of forecasting? - Precise Answer ✔✔Climatological forecasting Is the NAM model a global model? - Precise Answer ✔✔No What is the sequence of tasks to obtain numerical forecasting? - Precise Answer ✔✔Data observation, data assimilation, numerical forecasting An ensemble forecast is a set of several numerical forecasts that differ slightly in what way? - Precise Answer ✔✔Initial conditions When ensemble members cluster closely around a particular solution, can we conclude that the weather is more or less predictable? - Precise Answer ✔✔More predictable What does infra-red satellite sense? - Precise Answer ✔✔Cloud top temperature In a black and white IR image, land appears dark and the sea appears lighter. Which is warmer, land or sea? - Precise Answer ✔✔Land is warmer than the sea What does RADAR stand for? - Precise Answer ✔✔Radio detection and ranging What information is needed to pinpoint the location of a target? - Precise Answer ✔✔Target range, elevation, and azimuth What is an image of radar reflectivity displayed on a horizontal map called? - Precise Answer ✔✔a plan position indicator (PPI) What is composite reflectivity? - Precise Answer ✔✔The highest elevation over different elevation scans Which is stronger: base reflectivity or composite reflectivity? - Precise Answer ✔✔Composite

In a range-height indicator (RHI) display, what does convective precipitation shows up as? - Precise Answer ✔✔A tower like area of high reflectivity What two things does the Z-R relationship relate? - Precise Answer ✔✔Reflectivity and rain fall rate What does doppler radar measure aside from rain fall rate? - Precise Answer ✔✔Radial component of wind to and from the radar Attenuation is a source of error. What is it caused by? - Precise Answer ✔✔strong precipitation between the radar and a more distant area of precipitation that reduces the signal from the distant area For a one degree width beam, what is the beam width 100 miles from the radar? - Precise Answer ✔✔1000 ft Airborne radar has __ attenuation and a __ wavelength than NWS WSR-88D radar. - Precise Answer ✔✔More, Shorter What do lightening detectors pick up? - Precise Answer ✔✔Radio waves emitted by the lightening flash. What is volcanic ash comprised of? - Precise Answer ✔✔Very fine particles of rock and glass Is the melting point of higher or lower than that of a jet engine? - Precise Answer ✔✔Lower and can melt the inside of a jet engine. Is it possible to visually detect ash clouds at night? - Precise Answer ✔✔No Not all ash clouds will be high enough to impact jet airliners. The height to which an ash cloud extends depends on what? - Precise Answer ✔✔The explosiveness of the volcano what does VAAC stand for? - Precise Answer ✔✔Volcanic Ash Advisory Center

world-wide, how many VAACs are there? - Precise Answer ✔✔ 9 On a high level SigWx prog chart, what information is given about active volcanic ash events? - Precise Answer ✔✔Name and coordinates of the volcano producing the ash cloud Volcanic ash generally cannot be seen on weather radar. (hint: true or false) - Precise Answer ✔✔True Future movement and evolution of an ash cloud is forecast using which model? - Precise Answer ✔✔A trajectory model