Meteorology Midterm Exam 2024-2025. Questions & Correct Verified Answers. Graded A, Exams of Meteorology

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Meteorology Midterm Exam 2024-2025.

Questions & Correct Verified Answers.

Graded A

Air pressure - ANSthe force exerted by the air on a given area Auroras - ANSan ionospheric event of the emission of light caused by interactions of fast-moving charged particles and ionospheric gas Climate - ANSlong term condition of the atmosphere in a region Dew Point - ANSthe temperature at which water vapor begins to condense into dew or fog if the air were cooled Dry climate - ANSdeficient precipitation most of the year potential evaporation and transpiration exceed precipitation Explain the difference between weather and climate. - ANSWeather is the condition of the atmosphere over a short period of time climate is how the atmosphere behaves over a long period of time Front - ANSa narrow zone of division between air masses of different characteristics Frontal Cyclone - ANSsynoptic scale low pressure circulation with fronts

[Date] Global climate - ANSentire earth Highland climates - ANSdecrease in temperature with altitude Highs - ANShigh pressure (associated with clear skies) How do low pressure systems move? - ANSmove in direction parallel to the isobars in warm air ahead of the cold front How do mid latitude cyclones move? - ANSmove in same direction and speed as previous six hours How do we locate a tornado in radar? - ANShook something How is air pressure measured and in what units? - ANSbarometer, units inches of mercury or millibars Mb How is precipitation amount measured? - ANSWith a rain or snow gauge How is wind direction reported? - ANSWind vane or yourself How is wind speed measured and in what units? - ANSanemometer or beaufort's scale 1 knot=1.15mph How much of the sun's radiation is absorbed by the earth? - ANS51%

[Date] Microclimate - ANSvery near ground in a small zone where surface properties are consistent Moist continental climates - ANSwarm-to-cool summers and cold winters; winters are severe with snowstorms, blustery winds, bitter cold; climate controlled by large continents Moist subtropical mid-latitude climate - ANShumid with mild winters Name an example of a single cell model. - ANSHadley cell Name at least 3 different types of local winds. - ANSSea and land breeze Mountain and valley breezes Katabatic winds Chinook (Foehn) winds Santa Ana winds Desert winds Name three major global circulations. - ANSPolar easterlies-60-90 degree latitude Prevailing westerlies- 30-60 degree latitude Tropical easterlies- 0-30 degree latitude Name two other atmosphere-ocean interactions. - ANSNorth Atlantic Oscillation, Arctic Oscillation

[Date] Pacific Decadal Oscillation Name two types of jet streams - ANSSubtropical jet stream Polar front jet stream Obscured - ANSthe sky can not be seen due to haze ,fog ,precipitation or other obstructions Observation - ANSa specific set of measurements that together define the state of the atmosphere Polar climate - ANSyear-round low temperature Precipitation amount - ANSthe depth of water in any of its forms that has fallen over a given period Pressure Tendency - ANSamount and nature of the change in air pressure over 3 hours Relative humidity - ANSthe significance of the temp-dew point spread Stratopause - ANSthe upper boundary of the stratosphere Stratosphere - ANSthe atmospheric layer above the troposphere thru 15-50km

[Date] Visibility - ANSa measure of the atmosphere's horizontal clarit Water Vapor - ANSwater in its gas phase Weather - ANSthe condition of the atmosphere as described by its temperature, pressure,humidity,clouds, wind and precipitation at a given place and time What 3 assumptions are made in a single cell model of global circulations? - ANSA uniform water surface, that the sun always directly overhead the equator, that the earth does not rotate What are eddies? - ANSWhirl of air What are factors that affect air pollution? - ANSIssues range from causing noxious odors to creating serious health problems, smoke problems What are some different types of forecasts? - ANSNow cast: few hours (usually under six) Short-range: six hours to a few days Medium-range: three to eight days Long-range: beyond eight days Outlooks: summary of trends What are some external causes of climate change due to natural events? - ANSChange in incoming radiation Change in composition of the atmosphere

[Date] Change in the earth's surface What are some tools used to forecast weather? - ANSHigh speed data modeling systems(AWIPS) Doppler Radar Metograms Soundings Satellites Forecast models What are sunspots? - ANSHuge magnetic storms on the sun that show up as cooler regions on the sun's surface What are the characteristics of the different climates? - ANSTropical moist climate Dry climate Moist subtropical mid-latitude climate Polar climate Highland climate What are the different precipitation types? - ANSRain,snow, sleet,snow grains and snow pellets What are the different types of climate defined by the Koppen system? - ANSTropical moist climates Dry climates Moist mid-latitude climates with mild winters

[Date] What are the five classifications of air masses? - ANSPolar, tropical, maritime, continental,continental arctic What are the five scales of motion? - ANSMicroscale, Mesoscale, Macroscale, Synoptic scale, planetary or global scale What are the four major cloud types? - ANSstratus(flat and sheet like),cumulus(fluffy),Cirrus(wispy), Nimbo/Nimbus-rain clouds What are the four types of fronts - ANSCold front Warm front Stationary front Occluded front What are the stages of a tornado? - ANSDust whirl stage, mature stage,Decay stage What are the stages of development for a hurricane? - ANSTropical disturbance Tropical depression (22-34 knots) Tropical storm (35-64 knots) Hurricane (> 65 knots) What are the three stages of a thunderstorm? - ANSCumulus,mature, Dissipating What are the tropics? - ANSBroad belt around the earth

[Date] What are the two humidity variables? - ANSDew point relative humidity What are thermal circulations? - ANSCirculations brought on by changes in air temperature, in which warmer air rises and cold air sinks What are two types of advection? - ANSCold and warm What are two types of wavelengths? - ANSLong waves and short waves What is a front? - ANSTransition zone between two air masses of different densities What is a polar front? - ANSA semicontinuous global boundary separating cold polar air from warm subtropical air What is a source region? - ANSArea where air mass originates usually flat and uniform composition with light surface winds What is albedo? - ANSThe proportion of the incident light or radiation that is reflected by a surface, typically that of a planet or moon What is an air mass? - ANSExtremely large body of air whose temperature and humidity are similar horizontally and vertically What is an ensemble forecast? - ANSBased on running several forecast models— or different versions (simulations) of a single model—each beginning with slightly different weather information to reflect the errors inherent in the measurements

[Date] What is the right environment for hurricanes? - ANSTropical waters with light wind,high humidity, warm surface water temperature,surface coverage trigger What is the role of the jet stream? - ANSRemoves air above the surface cyclonic storm and supplies air to the surface anticyclone What is thunder? - ANSBooming sound wave What is upwelling? - ANSRising of cold water from below What scale are hurricanes measured on? - ANSSaffir-Simpson wind scale What three scales is temperature measured in? - ANSFahrenheit, celsius, kelvin What two factors are used when classifying air masses? - ANSTemperature and humidity What two factors cause climate change? - ANSAtmospheric composition of the entire planet is changing, and the world is warming at an alarming rate What type of weather is associated with highs and lows? - ANSHighs high pressure Associated with clear skies lows low pressure associated with cloudy zones Where are tropical climates found? - ANSFound in low latitudes, noon sun is always high, day and night are of nearly equal length,

[Date] months are warm, and no real winter season exists Where do mid latitude cyclones form? - ANSAlong polar front wavelike manner Cyclogenesis Lee-side lows Nor'easters Hatteras Low Alberta Clipper