Meteorology Midterm Review: Mastering Atmospheric Concepts, Exams of Nursing

Download Meteorology Midterm Review: Mastering Atmospheric Concepts and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! EESA09 Wind Midterm questions well answered already passed Aeolus - correct answer ✔✔Mythological figures - Greek God of wind Feng Po Po - correct answer ✔✔Mythological figures - Chinese goddess of wind Haya - Ji - correct answer ✔✔Mythological figures - Japanese god of wind Nichia - correct answer ✔✔Mythological figures - Navajo holy wind Atmospheric constituents controlled by - correct answer ✔✔geologic, biological, and anthropogenic Geologic Control - correct answer ✔✔Early atmosphere consists of CO2 and CH4. Start of anerobic life. Age of bacteria. 2.3 billion years of CO2 and CH4 abrupt change in atmospheric conditions. Biological Control - correct answer ✔✔Oxygen appearance and start of aerobic life. Thermal conditions caused by variation of CO2 change. Gaia Hypothesis. James Lovelock - correct answer ✔✔Proposed the Gaia Hypothesis in 1970s to explain the interaction of climate with biology. Gaia Hypothesis - correct answer ✔✔Suns output of energy increased as time went on which caused the switch from anaerobic or aerobic conditions. Initial solar output produced greenhouse effect and greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4). Life has controlled the atmosphere. Anthropogenic Control - correct answer ✔✔Photosynthesis occurred. CO2 is released from the air. Dead plants turn into CO2 form through oxidation process. But some plant material turn into fossil fuels. Photosynthesis - correct answer ✔✔Plants take CO2 in the atmosphere and create plant material like long carbon chains. Fossil Fuels - correct answer ✔✔Such as coal and oil are made from dead plant. Geologic pressure converts the plant material into fossil fuels. Stored under the earth and rapid release of this is what causes smog, acid rain, and global warming. Coal - correct answer ✔✔First anthropogenic modification of the atmosphere.Industrialization of China was when coal was used to forge steel. Britian invented steam engine with coal during the industrial revolution. Spread to the industrialization of the Northeastern US. Atmosphere Composition - correct answer ✔✔Matter can appear in solid liquid or gas. Gas Atmosphere - correct answer ✔✔Most common phase in the atmosphere. Consists of permanent and variable gases. Liquid Atmosphere - correct answer ✔✔clouds Solid atmosphere - correct answer ✔✔particulate matter. Permanent Gases - correct answer ✔✔Gases with fixed percentages and those that are variable in their concentrations. Dynamic and not static equilibrium. Static Equilibirum - correct answer ✔✔Produced when there are no creation and destruction processes. Variable Gases - correct answer ✔✔Referred to as greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases - correct answer ✔✔An Atmospheric constituent that traps outgoing terrestrial radiation. Re-radiation to the earth causes the temperature to rise and the earth to warm up. Troposphere - correct answer ✔✔Extends to 11 km. All weather occurs in this part of the atmosphere. 75% of atmosphere mass is here. Temp decreases by 6.5c per km on average Stratosphere - correct answer ✔✔Extends from 11 km to 50 km. Temp increases with height. Stable layer. Mesosphere - correct answer ✔✔Extends from 50 km to 85 km. Temp decreases with height. Well mixed layer and is less stable than stratosphere. Thermosphere - correct answer ✔✔Extends above 85 km. Temp increases with height. Incoming solar radiation is absorbed by molecular oxygen and energy is converted to the kinetic energy of motion. tropopauce - correct answer ✔✔isothermal region that seperates troposphere and stratosphere. Warming occurs at the surface from the sun's radiation. Wind - correct answer ✔✔Results from the difference in air pressure, either vertical or horizontal. Pressure Gradient - correct answer ✔✔Caused by a difference in pressure. Air moves from high pressure to low pressure caused by pressure gradient force (PGF) Vertical Pressure gradients - correct answer ✔✔Greater then horizontal pressure gradient. Average in the lower half of the atmosphere is about 500mb per 5640 meter Horizontal Pressure Gradient - correct answer ✔✔Average associated with hurricane is about 1 mb per 6000 meter Gravity - correct answer ✔✔this causes the natural air that flows up to come down which is why we don't suffocate. Gravitational force and vertical pressure gradient are in balance most of the time. Fictitious force - correct answer ✔✔Caused by the rotation of the earth that cause a deflection of the wind. . Also called Coriolis force. Gustave de Coriolis - correct answer ✔✔derived the mathematical formulation in 1835 for the coriolis force. Northern Hemispshere - correct answer ✔✔Coriolis force Deflect the wind to the right Southern Hemisphere - correct answer ✔✔Coriolis force deflect the wind to the left Geostrophic wind - correct answer ✔✔wind on the surface of the earth (1km or more) caused by a balance of pressure gradient force and coriolis force.Wind that flow parallel to the isobar above. Surface wind - correct answer ✔✔below 1 km. This is where there is buildings and people which is where there is friction that acts on wind. Global circulation - correct answer ✔✔Wind is caused by forces. There are 3 main circulation cells per hemisphere that add to wind formation; Hadley cell, Ferrel cell, and polar cell. Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) - correct answer ✔✔area of rising aire at or near the equaator, heavy precipiation Trade winds - correct answer ✔✔winds that blow to the south west, surface component of hadley cell subtropical high - correct answer ✔✔subsiding air at 30 degrees N and 30 degrees S, little precipitation, referred to as the horse latitudes. deserts are found here westerlies - correct answer ✔✔winds blowing to the east and north in the midlatitudes, surface component of the ferrel cell polar front - correct answer ✔✔devision of polar air and midlatitude air polar easterlies - correct answer ✔✔winds that blow south west from the north pole (southwest from south pole) hurricane - correct answer ✔✔north american term from the taino language of central america meaning god of evil. tropical storm in which the sustained winds range from 33m/s to 50 m/s typhoon - correct answer ✔✔term used in the western pacific from the chinese word taifing meaning big wind cyclone - correct answer ✔✔term used in autralia and in the indian ocean tropical cyclone - correct answer ✔✔term used in the scientific community tropical storm - correct answer ✔✔storm occurring in the tropical region in which the sustained winds range from 18 to 33 m/s major hurricane - correct answer ✔✔tropical storm which has sustained winds which exceed 50 m/s. Saffir-Simpson Scale - correct answer ✔✔Way to classify and quantify hurricane. Rating scale spanning from 1 to 5 and is based on wind speed and central hurricane pressure. Hurricane formation - correct answer ✔✔sea surface temp and laten heat release. 26.5 degrees is needed for tropical storm to form. low winds are also required for initiating. Latent heat - correct answer ✔✔energy released due to a change of phase of matter. gas to liquid heat is required. this latent heat fuels the storm Tropical storm development - correct answer ✔✔Start at ITCZ as tropical wave. groupings of thunderstorms form tropical cyclones Dr. William Gray - correct answer ✔✔Developed the gray index which precits the total number of hurricanes and other measures of hurricances. eurus - correct answer ✔✔ill, tempered east breeze weather vane - correct answer ✔✔used to measure wind direction ferrel cell - correct answer ✔✔exists roughly between 30 and 60 degrees in each hemisphere. thermally indirect. surface winds travel north and under the influence of coriolis force veers to the east. fujita scale - correct answer ✔✔a scale for tornado ranking. 0 to 6 based on the damage caused by tonadoes hadley cell - correct answer ✔✔part of the global circulation. air rises from the surface at the equator and travels pole ward and sinks at around 30 degrees N urban heat island - correct answer ✔✔warming of urban areas compared to surrounding areas. more intense when winds are weak or non existent. land/sea breeze - correct answer ✔✔differential heating of the island and sea on a dail basis sebastian junger - correct answer ✔✔perfect storm book steenhof and gough - correct answer ✔✔atlantic tropical cyclone angel and isard - correct answer ✔✔great lakes storm gough - correct answer ✔✔blizzard w. ferrel - correct answer ✔✔global circulation T. Ralph - correct answer ✔✔pacific hurricanes S.A. Isard - correct answer ¥ ¥ Midlatitude cyclones