MGT-420 GCU Exam 1: Management Principles and Practices, Exams of Advanced Education

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Correct And Verified Answers

Types and levels of management - Correct Answer-(Top to Bottom)

1. Top managers
2. Middle Managers
3. First-Line Managers
4. Non-managerial Workers Management Process - Correct Answer-(People Only Like Cookies) planning, organizing, leading, controlling Planning - Correct Answer-The process of setting performance objectives and determining what actions should be taken to achieve them Organizing - Correct Answer-The process of assigning tasks, allocating resources and coordinating the activities of individuals and groups Leading - Correct Answer-The process of arousing people's enthusiasm to work hard and inspiring their efforts to fulfill plans and accomplish objectives. Controlling - Correct Answer-is the process of measuring performance and taking action to ensure desired results Mitzenberg's Managerial Roles - Correct Answer-Interpersonal (Figurehead, leader, liason), Informational (Monitor, Disseminator, spokesperson), Decisional (Entrepreneur, Disturbance Handler, Resource Allocator, negotiator) Prejudice and Discrimination - Correct Answer-Prejudice is an attitude, discrimination is an action Organizational Behavior - Correct Answer-Born out of psychology, sociology, anthropology, political science, and economics Inclusion - Correct Answer-is the degree to which an organization's culture respects and values diversity. Multiculturalism - Correct Answer-refers to pluralism and respect for diversity in the workplace

Leadership Process - Correct Answer-involves individuals (followers) being influenced by others (leaders) classical management approaches - Correct Answer-1. Scientific Management

2. Administrative Principles
3. Bureaucratic Organization Policy - Correct Answer-is a standing plan that communicates broad guidelines for decisions and action Types of budgets - Correct Answer-- Financial budgets

• Operating budgets
• Nonmonetary budgets
• Fixed budgets
• Flexible budgets
• Zero-based budgets Forecasting - Correct Answer-attempts topredict the future. Benchmarking - Correct Answer-The approach that uses external comparisons to gain insights for planning Steps in decision making - Correct Answer-1. Define task and goal

2. Identify alternative actions
3. Analyse alternatives
4. Select course of action
5. Evaluate results: Analyze and assess decision Common scientific research methods in organizational behavior - Correct Answer-Meta- analysis Field Studies Laboratory Studies Survey Studies Case Studies meta-analysis - Correct Answer-using statistics to pool results of different empirical studies Spotlight Questions - Correct Answer-expose a decision to public scrutiny and forces us to consider it in the context of full transparency. They are especially powerful when a person comes from a morally scrupulous family Utility - all stakeholders satisfied? Rights - are all rights and duties respected? Justice - is it consistent with cannons of justice? Caring - is it consistent with responsibility to care?

consultative decision - Correct Answer-are made by one individual after seeking input from or consulting with members of a group. Ethocentrism - Correct Answer-the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures Affirmative Action - Correct Answer-A policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities Steps of cultural shock - Correct Answer-1. Confusion

2. Small victories
3. Honeymoon
4. Irritation and anger
5. Reality Managing Diversity - Correct Answer-achieve full utilization of diverse human resources valuing differences - Correct Answer-build quality relationships with respect for diversity Biculturalism - Correct Answer-minority members adopt characteristics of majority cultures in order to succeed high context culture vs. low context culture - Correct Answer-High-context culture: use words to convey only part of a message, while the rest of the message must be inferred from body language and additional contextual cues Low-context cultures express messages mainly by the spoken and written word monochronic vs polychronic cultures - Correct Answer-Monochronic- people tend to do one thing at a time Polychronic- people accomplish many different things at once Proxemics - Correct Answer-the study of how people use interpersonal space Hofstede's 5 Value Differences - Correct Answer-1. Power distance (is the degree to which a society accepts or rejects the unequal distribution of power in organizations and society)
6. Uncertainty avoidance (is the degree to which a society tolerates or is uncomfortable with risk, change, and situational uncertainty)
7. Individualism collectivism (is the degree to which a society emphasizes individual accomplishments and self-interests, versus collective accomplishments and the interests of groups)
8. Masculinity femininity (is the degree to which a society values assertiveness and materialism, versus feelings, relationships, and quality of life)

5. Time orientation (is the degree to which a society emphasizes short-term or long-term goals and gratification) Reasons to conduct International Business - Correct Answer-profits, customers, suppliers, capital, labor, risk Important Facts - Correct Answer--BY 2030, more than 20% of the population of the US will be aged 65 or older -Have to work with a lot of generations in the workforce Open System Model Steps - Correct Answer-1. Inputs
6. Transformed
7. Outputs
8. Feedback with external environment

• Consumer feedback
• Do consumers buy your product? ethological fallacy - Correct Answer-Assumes a generalized cultural value applies equally well to all members of the culture Equation to intellectual capital - Correct Answer-IC = Competency x Commitment leaking pipeline - Correct Answer-when women leave careers because employers lack family-friendly policies and practices Long-range planning - Correct Answer-3-5 year plan that projects into the future; includes a detailed 1 year plan; revised each year moral dilemma - Correct Answer-involves choosing among alternatives that contain both potential benefits and harm Subculture - Correct Answer-A group of people with shared demographics or job identities revolving door syndrome - Correct Answer-high turnover among minorities and women Scaler chain - Correct Answer-principal states that organizations should operate with clear and unbroken lines of communication from top to bottom Theory X - Correct Answer-Managers who use theory X issues people dislike work, lack ambition, are irresponsible, and prefer to bed led Zero-Based Budget - Correct Answer-a method of budgeting that allocates resources as if each budget was brand new