MI 3B EXAM 2024/2025 WITH 100% ACCURATE SOLUTIONS, Exams of Nursing

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MI 3B EXAM 2024/2025 WITH 100%

ACCURATE SOLUTIONS

Behavioral risk factors that increase one's chances for cancer - Precise Answer ✔✔Smoking and or drinking a heavy amount for an extended period of time. Behaviors that can decrease one's risk for cancer - Precise Answer ✔✔Regularly wearing and reapplying sunscreen, regular exercise and a healthy diet. Environmental risk factor for cancer - Precise Answer ✔✔Excessive exposures to UV rays, air pollution, and carcinogens. Basal cell carcinoma: - Precise Answer ✔✔Cells in lower part of epidermis. Constantly divide to replace squamous cells that wear off skin's surface. Most common form of skin cancer (approximately 8 out of 10). Usually develops around sun-exposed areas (e.g. face, head, neck). They grow slowly and rarely spread to other parts of the body. If left untreated, it can spread to nearby areas, like bone, or tissues beneath skin. Squamous cell - Precise Answer ✔✔Flat cells in upper epidermis, constantly shed as new ones form. 2 out of 10 skin cancers are squamous cells. Appear on sun-exposed areas of the body (e.g face, ears, neck, lips, backs of hands). Can usually be completely removed. They are

more likely than basal cells to grow to deeper layers of skin and spread to other parts of the body. Melanoma - Precise Answer ✔✔Less common than other types of skin cancer (1% of all skin cancer). Melanocytes (skin cells that give skin its color) grow out of control. More dangerous because it often spreads to other parts of the body. More likely start on the trunk in men (chest & back) and legs in women. Neck & face are also common. Darkly pigmented skin lowers your chances of getting this type of cancer in these areas, but palms of hands, soles of feet, or under nails are more common in African Americans than whites. Stage 0 basal cell skin cancer: - Precise Answer ✔✔Originates in the stratum basale (basal cell layer) of the epidermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of skin that contains specialized cells called keratinocytes. Stage 1 basal cell skin cancer: - Precise Answer ✔✔Stage I basal cell carcinoma has spread beyond the epidermis and may extend into the dermis. In stage I, the tumor is less than 2 cm thick. Stage 2 basal cell skin cancer: - Precise Answer ✔✔Stage II basal cell tumors are larger than 2 cm thick, but have not spread to nearby organs or lymph nodes. Stage 3 basal cell skin cancer: - Precise Answer ✔✔Stage III basal cell carcinoma may have spread into the bones of the face or into a nearby lymph node.

Stage 4 basal cell skin cancer: - Precise Answer ✔✔Stage IV basal cell carcinoma can be larger than 3 cm thick and has metastasized (spread) to more than one lymph node. The tumor may also affect additional facial bones. What is the ABCDE system for skin cancer self-examination? Know each letter. - Precise Answer ✔✔The ABCDE system for a skin cancer self examination is a way to help people spot the potential signs of melanoma or other forms of skin cancer A: asymmetric B: border C: color D: diameter E: evolving What were the 2 strains of yeast? - Precise Answer ✔✔Wild type and mutant strains. Mutant type was mutated to be extra sensitive to UV rays. What is aseptic technique? What were a minimum of 2 steps we took in order to ensure we were conducting aseptic technique? - Precise Answer ✔✔Wore gloves and goggles, sterilized each cylinder container holding the water after opening and before closing with fire, and did not let the pipette or spreader tool touch anything besides its intended use.

What was the exact treatment of each petri dish in Part 2 (the part that every group did exactly the same)? - Precise Answer ✔✔We obtained 2 petri dishes each filled with an agar filling. Then two containers with water in both were obtained. One container was filled with .25 mL of the mutant type yeast, and the other container was filled with .25 mL of the wild type yeast. Each container went through aseptic techniques and caps were closed; mixtures were shaken. Then the muten type was poured onto one petri dish, and the wild type was poured onto the other plate. Once the mixture was on the pilates, caps to the plates were placed back on and the liquid was spread around. Once the liquid was completely spread, the original lids were replaced with plastic wrap and set to be exposed to UV light for 60 seconds. After, the plastic wrap was removed, original caps were placed back into the petri dishes, and both were wrapped in tin foil and set to incubate overnight. When your team designed your investigation, what were the independent and dependent variables? Regardless of what results you obtained, what should have been the results? Why? - Precise Answer ✔✔Independent variable: Liquid and powder sunscreen Dependent variable: The effectiveness of bacterial growth inhibition, which is determined by observing and measuring the presence or absence of bacterial colonies on the agar plates after exposure to the different forms of sunscreen. Results: The liquid sunscreen should have worked better at inhibiting the growth of bacteria from the UV rays rather than powder sunscreen because liquid sunscreen is likely to form a more uniform and protective layer on the surface, providing better coverage against UV radiation

Sporadic cancer - Precise Answer ✔✔About 5 to 10 percent of cancers are thought to be hereditary. In these cases, an individual inherits a copy of a growth control gene with a mutation from one parent, and a working copy of the same gene from the other parent. The gene with the mutation is also called a "cancer susceptibility gene." Since this cancer susceptibility gene is inherited, it is found in every cell of the body, but the working copy of the gene keeps each cell working properly. Familial cancer - Precise Answer ✔✔Although little is known in this area, it is possible, for example, that individuals with a moderate family history of cancer may be more susceptible to cancer-causing agents in the environment. This type of moderately increased cancer risk can be called a "familial" risk. For example, if you have a family history of skin cancer and you have a lot of exposure to the sun, your chances are increased. Hereditary cancer - Precise Answer ✔✔About 5 to 10 percent of cancers are thought to be hereditary. In these cases, an individual inherits a copy of a growth control gene with a mutation from one parent, and a working copy of the same gene from the other parent. The gene with the mutation is also called a "cancer susceptibility gene." Since this cancer susceptibility gene is inherited, it is found in every cell of the body, but the working copy of the gene keeps each cell working properly. BRCA1 & BRCA2 genes - Precise Answer ✔✔Both genes are tumor suppressors, and increase a person's risk of breast cancer by 80-85% Short tandem repeats (STR) - Precise Answer ✔✔STR's are non-coding short DNA fragments that are repeated multiple times. These fragments

are in place to identify a specific gene, in this case the BRCA2 gene. Because they are non-coding they do not affect us in a positive or negative way.