MI COMMERCIAL PESTICIDE APPLICATOR EXAM: AQUATIC PEST MANAGEMENT (CATEGORY 5) QUESTIONS AN, Exams of Nursing

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The state law regulating pesticides is called FIFRA. True or False? - CORRECT ANSWERS False. FIFRA is the federal law regulating pesticides and their use. The Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act give the director of which agency the authority to register or certify private and commercial applicators and to prescribe standards for certification and registration? - CORRECT ANSWERS Michigan Department of Agriculture The Aquatic Nuisance Control Act requires ________ to chemically treat any waters of the state for aquatic nuisance control. - CORRECT ANSWERS permits Registered technicians are those who are not certified commercial pesticide applicators but are authorized to apply general use pesticides for a commercial purpose. True or False? - CORRECT ANSWERS True What is the minimum employee requirement for commercial pesticide application businesses to obtain a commercial license? (2) - CORRECT ANSWERS An employee must be:

1. A certified commercial applicator and have two years of experience or
2. One year of experience and a related 4 year degree Regulation 637 - CORRECT ANSWERS Establishes rules for pesticide use including mixing, containment, protective equipment, etc. to protect... Who administers and enforces the Aquatic Nuisance Control Act? - CORRECT ANSWERS MDEQ Labeling includes... (2) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. The label itself
3. All other information you receive from the manufacturer about the product when you buy it

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What agency must approve a pesticide for use? - CORRECT ANSWERS EPA "Reward" is an example of what kind of pesticide name? - CORRECT ANSWERS Brand name "6,7-dihydrodipyrido(1,2-a:2',1-c) pyrazinediiumdibromide" is an example of what kind of pesticide name? - CORRECT ANSWERS Chemical name "Fluridone" is an example of what kind of pesticide name? - CORRECT ANSWERS Common name RUP stands for - CORRECT ANSWERS Restricted use pesticide "Sensitization" is another term for - CORRECT ANSWERS Allergic effects Roller pump capacity, speed, max pressure, spray material - CORRECT ANSWERS 0-35 gpm, 600-2600 rpm, 300 psi, Nonabrasive Hazard = _______ x_______ - CORRECT ANSWERS Toxicity, exposure 4 types of exposure - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Dermal

2. Oral
3. Inhalation
4. Ocular __________ exposure accounts for more than 80% of pesticide poisoning cases - CORRECT ANSWERS Dermal

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True or false: You must wear the recommended garments, but it's ok to wear more. - CORRECT ANSWERS True What to do if a spill occurs (4) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Secure the area, keep people at a safe distance

2. Put on safety equipment
3. If possible, stop the leak
4. Notify the fire department What is the primary means of communication between pesticide manufacturers and pesticide users? - CORRECT ANSWERS The product label List the signal words found on pesticide labels (4) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Caution
5. Warning
6. Danger
7. Danger: Poison Which signal word is associated with a skull and crossbones? - CORRECT ANSWERS Danger: poison Pesticides should not be used: a. At less than label rates b. At longer intervals than stated on the label c. At rates higher than directed by the label d. None of the above - CORRECT ANSWERS c. At rates higher than directed by the label True or False: Mixing two or more pesticides is considered consistent with the label. - CORRECT ANSWERS True, unless the label prohibits the mixing.

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Minimum protective garments for pesticides labeled "Caution" (4) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Long pants

2. Long-sleeved shirt / coveralls
3. Gloves
4. Socks and footwear What is the goal of IPM? - CORRECT ANSWERS To reduce pest impacts to an acceptable level. Typical components of an IPM program (5) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Site evaluation
5. Pest identification
6. Economic, aesthetic and recreational significance
7. Selection and use of mgmt methods
8. Evaluation of mgmt methods used When should monitoring of a site be done? - CORRECT ANSWERS Throughout the year Pest mgmt action threshold - CORRECT ANSWERS The level at which pest mgmt actions take place The dominant pest the aquatic pest manager faces is _____ - CORRECT ANSWERS weeds List 4 site characteristics that are important to take note of when monitoring aquatic areas - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Location of the body of water and water uses
9. History of water uses
10. Desired goals
11. Water quality, fertility, pH, temp, hardness, etc.
12. Inflowing and outflowing water rates

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6. Fish species present and info
7. Diversity of birds and animals, including bottom-dwelling organisms
8. Aquatic vegetation
9. Bottom characteristics
10. Appearance of water's edge
11. Surrounding development and activity Photic zone - CORRECT ANSWERS The portion of a body of water in which enough light can penetrate to support plant growth Water hardness - CORRECT ANSWERS Measure of dissolved Ca, Fe, Mg and Sr Soft water has ________ light penetration than harder water - CORRECT ANSWERS lower (softer = less Ca and Mg to bind to particles and settle) Hardness is usually expressed in - CORRECT ANSWERS Ppm of calcium carbonate The major nutrient of concern in lake deterioration is _________ found in _________ and _________ - CORRECT ANSWERS Phosphorus, most fertilizers, organic wastes Free-floating algae is also known as - CORRECT ANSWERS Phytoplankton Nutrients can exist in ______ and _______ - CORRECT ANSWERS water, sediment D.O. - CORRECT ANSWERS Dissolved oxygen When do most aquatic plants grow best? - CORRECT ANSWERS Late spring-early summer

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The bottom of the photic zone is defined as - CORRECT ANSWERS The depth at which light intensity is equivalent to one percent of full sunlight Record keeping for general use pesticides (length of time) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1 year following application Record keeping for restricted use pesticides (length of time) - CORRECT ANSWERS 3 years following application What should the records for pesticide use include? (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Name and concentration of pesticide

2. Amount of pesticide applied
3. Target pest / purpose
4. Date of application
5. Location of application
6. Method of application (where applicable) How many years of pesticide application experience does one need to become an approved trainer? - CORRECT ANSWERS 2 (in the category they intend to train) Conditions for an exemption from rules (incidental use) (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. A general use pesticide is used
7. The person is not regularly engaged in the application of pesticides for hire
8. The pesticide application is an integral part of another operation Aquatic Nuisance - CORRECT ANSWERS Any propagating organism that impairs enjoyment or use of waters of the state Requirements for sign posting following a chemical treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS Sign must be sturdy and noticeable

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Requirements for sign posting following a chemical treatment for treated areas greater than 2 acres (2) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Sign must be sturdy and noticeable

2. Sign must be posted at all access sites (boat launches, parks) Act 451, Part 31 Water Resources Protection Act (2) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Prohibits discharging of harmful substances into state waters that endangers public health, natural resources, etc.
3. Gives MDEQ regulatory jurisdiction over mosquito control strategies involving surface waters Marine Safety Act rules for legal working boat condition (5) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Boat must be registered
4. Boat must have at least 1 flotation device
5. Boat must have working lights
6. Boat must have fire extinguisher
7. Boat must have a sound device such as a horn, bell, or whistle Dominant fish species in waters where phytoplankton and rooted plant production are high - CORRECT ANSWERS Bass, bluegill, pike Dominant fish species in waters where phytoplankton and rooted plant production are low - CORRECT ANSWERS Trout, salmon Temperature is an important factor in determining what characteristics of aquatic plants? - CORRECT ANSWERS Life cycle How do algae reproduce? (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Cell division
8. Plant fragmentation
9. Spores

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Individual algae cells that are suspended on the surface of the water or form a film - CORRECT ANSWERS Planktonic algae Large amounts of decomposing plants can ___________ the dissolved oxygen level in a body of water - CORRECT ANSWERS lower Groups of filamentous algae (2) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Attached

2. Planktonic (free-floating) Algae that form dense mats and have a slimy or coarse texture - CORRECT ANSWERS Filamentous algae Algae that resembles vascular plants and aid in the prevention of other nuisance algae from growing - CORRECT ANSWERS Erect algae Plant type that grows completely underwater - CORRECT ANSWERS Submersed Aquatic plant type that is rooted in sediment and extends above the water surface - CORRECT ANSWERS Emersed / emergent Aquatic plant type that is not attached to sediment and floats on or just below the water surface - CORRECT ANSWERS Free-floating Aquatic plant type that's attached to sediment and has leaves that float on the water surface

• CORRECT ANSWERS Rooted-floating Watermilfoil main reproduction technique - CORRECT ANSWERS Fragmentation

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Curly-leaf pondweed main reproduction technique - CORRECT ANSWERS Rhizomes and turions Which invasive plant has pesticide-resistant reproductive structures that can lay dormant in substrate only to sprout when conditions are right? - CORRECT ANSWERS Curly-leaf pondweed Which plant can be desirable in lake bottoms, but nuisance when they grow to the surface? - CORRECT ANSWERS Naiad Naiad main reproduction technique - CORRECT ANSWERS Seed (annual) but also by fragmentation What necessary and beneficial roles do native plants fulfill in their aquatic ecosystem? (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Provide food, habitat or shelter

2. As stabilizing features of the substrate
3. Filter storm and runoff water Dormant leaf structures that are not affected by herbicides and are used primarily for reproduction in the curly-leaf pondweed - CORRECT ANSWERS Turions The process of adding nutrients to a body of water that in turn increases the production of plants and algae - CORRECT ANSWERS Eutrophication Nutrient of highest concern in regards to eutrophication - CORRECT ANSWERS Phosphorus (nitrogen second) Ways carbon can enter the water (2) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Atmosphere in the form of CO
4. In the water as dissolved bicarbonate compounds (HCO3)

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Cultural technique used to control weeds by draining the water level to expose weeds - CORRECT ANSWERS Winter drawdown True or false: All native aquatic plants benefit from winter drawdowns - CORRECT ANSWERS False Cultural technique used to cover bottom sediments with material - CORRECT ANSWERS Benthic Barriers What color dye should be used to act as a light screen for plants? - CORRECT ANSWERS Blue (plants absorb blue light for photosythesis) Aeration may control ________ but does not affect ________ - CORRECT ANSWERS algae, macrophytes Two most notable species introduced to biologically control aquatic weeds in Michigan (but is strictly prohibited now) - CORRECT ANSWERS tilapia, grass carp Disadvantages of grass carp introduction as a biological control - CORRECT ANSWERS Eat too many native plants before consuming exotic species What is the alteration of the food web in an area to improve water clarity? - CORRECT ANSWERS Biomanipulation The three major objectives of preventative aquatic weed control - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Prevention of weed spread

2. Elimination of nutrient sources
3. Deepening or increasing the slope of shallow waters where plants can grow

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List 5 of the 8 methods for reducing nutrient and other contaminating inflows to water sources - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Plant vegetation along drainage areas

2. Leave a 20-foot buffer for fertilization
3. Prevent livestock from entering the water
4. Practice conservation tillage to prevent erosion
5. Construct a settling pond to receive nutrients before the flow reaches the main body of water
6. Avoid adding fertilizers
7. Check for hidden sources of nutrients
8. Plant deciduous trees far enough from water bodies so leaves will not fall into the water and accumulate Plants susceptible to drawdown (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Large leaf pondweed
9. Waterlily
10. Watershield Plants moderately tolerant to drawdown (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Leafy pondweed
11. Richardson's pondweed
12. Water smartweed Plants tolerant to drawdown (4) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Bulrush
13. Cattail
14. Coontail
15. Sago pondweed Plants whose predominance is enhanced by drawdown (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Naiads
16. Milfoils
17. Curly-leaf pondweed

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Why are there so few aquatic herbicides? - CORRECT ANSWERS The aquatic environment limits the number of compounds effective for controlling pests and meet the rigid requirements necessary for registration. Ways herbicides are classified (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Absorption characteristics

2. The plant processes that they affect
3. Selectivity Contact herbicides are generally most effective on __________ _________ plants - CORRECT ANSWERS annual herbaceous Plant processes affected by herbicidal activity (5) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Cell division
4. Tissue development
5. Photosynthesis
6. Respiration
7. Nitrogen Metabolism and Enzyme Activity At what growing stage are herbicides that affect cell division most effective? - CORRECT ANSWERS Preemergence Plant growth regulators (PGRs) affect what process of plants? - CORRECT ANSWERS Tissue development Plant death may be ______ when the photosynthesis process is disrupted. - CORRECT ANSWERS Slow Physical factors that contribute to susceptibility to selective herbicides (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Herbicide placement

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2. Formulation
3. Rate of applicaiton Biological factors that contribute to susceptibility to selective herbicides (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Physiological factors
4. Morphological factors
5. Stage of plant growth At what point in the growth cycle are foliar-active herbicides the most effective for perennial plants? - CORRECT ANSWERS Late and postflowering periods (when perennial plants are translocating materials downwards towards the roots) Low temperature affects herbicide efficiency by - CORRECT ANSWERS slowing growth, and therefor slowing absorption Methods used when managing aquatic weeds in flowing water (4) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Trailing hoses to aid the sinking of herbicides
6. Special herbicide formulations, such as slow-release pellets
7. Rapidly absorbed herbicides
8. Increased contact time via sequential applications or injection equipment Particles suspended in the water affect the water's ability to transmit light. This is known as what quality of the water? - CORRECT ANSWERS Turbidity Aquatic pesticides are known to last a long time and accumulate in organisms. True or False?

• CORRECT ANSWERS False What is the most common reason for herbicide-related fish kills? - CORRECT ANSWERS Lowering of dissolved oxygen

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How can the lowering of dissolved oxygen be limited? - CORRECT ANSWERS By limiting the amount of vegetation killed off The danger of fish kills is less in ______ water because it can hold more oxygen than _____ water - CORRECT ANSWERS cooler, warm Do not treat more than ______-_______% of the surface area of a body of water at any given time - CORRECT ANSWERS 30, How long should one wait if more than 50% of a lake area needs to be treated? - CORRECT ANSWERS 2-3 weeks after the initial application Ways pesticides break down when not absorbed by pest (4) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Microbial action

2. Chemical
3. Photochemical
4. Adsorption (binding) to soil particles List 7 of the considerations in planning a successful aquatic herbicide program - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Proper ID of weeds
5. Uses of the water to be treated
6. Timing of the treatment
7. Water characteristics (temp, alkalinity, %DO)
8. Method of application
9. Probability of re-treatment
10. Impact on nontarget plants and animals
11. Weather
12. Cost

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10. Permission from appropriate agencies and property owners / managers to perform the treatment Bottom treatments are not reccomended if a body of water has ______ water or _______ bottoms - CORRECT ANSWERS flowing, muddy The inert ingredient (carrier of active ingredient) in granular formations is typically ___________ - CORRECT ANSWERS clay Plants with most of their leaf area above the water surface are usually treated with this method - CORRECT ANSWERS Spray The dosage of herbicide in flowing water is usually measured in - CORRECT ANSWERS Cubic feet per second (cfs) Contact herbicides often control aquatic plants for ______-______ weeks depending on the growing season - CORRECT ANSWERS 3, Where does the greatest amount of pressure occur in a hose? - CORRECT ANSWERS Near the pump Pressure loss in a hose depends on (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Hose inside diameter (ID)
11. Hose length
12. Flow rate Granular herbicides can be applied by hand. True or false? - CORRECT ANSWERS False. Must use a spreader As a rule of thumb, suction hose diameters should be at least as large as _____________________ - CORRECT ANSWERS the pump inlet port

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Name the 5 general types of pumps. - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Roller

2. Piston
3. Centrifugal
4. Diaphragm
5. Gear Why aren't roller pumps used often in aqautic weed treatment? - CORRECT ANSWERS They do not produce the high pressures needed for handgun spraying, and fluid would leak back into the pump Pros and cons of piston pumps - CORRECT ANSWERS Pros: -delivers high pressure -dependable and long-lived -adaptable Cons: -expensive -delivers low volumes (though volumes are usually adequate) What are centrifugal pumps useful for? - CORRECT ANSWERS Transferring fluids (from one tank to another or from the body of water into the tank when refilling) A disadvantage of diaphragm pumps is their high cost. True or false? - CORRECT ANSWERS Fasle. Diaphragm pumps are relatively inexpensive and are often used instead of piston pumps for this reason. Piston, diaphragm, and gear pumps are all ______________ ____________ pumps, and are often used in aquatic pest management. - CORRECT ANSWERS positive displacement

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Why may maintenance be a problem for gear pumps? - CORRECT ANSWERS The corrosive chemical comes in contact with the pumping gears during application What determines the type of nozzle used? - CORRECT ANSWERS The method of application (surface or submersed) The 4 primary application methods - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Handgun spraying of surface

2. Subsurface injections just below the water surface
3. Bottom placement or deep-water injection
4. Aerial applications Nozzle used for handgun spraying of surface - CORRECT ANSWERS High flow rate, straight stream, and large droplet size Nozzle used for subsurface injections - CORRECT ANSWERS One that contains a disk that regulates the flow into the water Nozzle used for bottom placement or deep-water injection - CORRECT ANSWERS Small holes drilled into galvanized pipe Nozzle used for aerial applications - CORRECT ANSWERS Hollow cone or flat fan nozzles In Michigan, polymers may be used on ___________ plants only. - CORRECT ANSWERS emergent When large areas of a lake are treated for weed control, it may be more efficient to use the direct metering method for herbicide dilution.

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True or False? - CORRECT ANSWERS True Name the two materials widely used for hoses. - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA).

2. Ethylene propylene dione monomer (EPDM). Roller pump capacity, speed, max pressure, spray material - CORRECT ANSWERS Low pump capacity (0-35 gpm) Mid to high speed (600-2600 rpm) Moderate pressure (300 psi) Nonabrasive Piston pump capacity, speed, max pressure, spray material - CORRECT ANSWERS Moderate pump capacity (0-60 gpm) Moderate speed (500-1800 rpm) High pressure (1000 psi) Abrasive Centrifugal pump capacity, speed, max pressure, spray material - CORRECT ANSWERS High pump capacity (0-150 gpm) Mid to high speed (600-6000 rpm) Low pressure (70 psi) Abrasive Diaphragm pump capacity, speed, max pressure, spray material - CORRECT ANSWERS Moderate pump capacity (1-60 gpm) Low to mid speed (200-1200 rpm) High pressure (850 psi) Abrasive

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Knowing the ____________ ____________ ____________ will help you avoid buying too much or too little pesticide product. - CORRECT ANSWERS treatment area size Herbicide concentration in water is usually referred to in - CORRECT ANSWERS parts per million (ppm) A convenient unit for measuring water volume for determining herbicide concentration is the - CORRECT ANSWERS acre-foot (acre of surface area x average depth in feet) The pounds of active ingredient of herbicide used can be found with what formula? - CORRECT ANSWERS AI (lbs) = (water volume (acre-feet) x concentration(ppm) x 2.7) x percent active ingredient / 100 GPA formula - CORRECT ANSWERS Gallons per acre = gallons per minute from spray system / acres per minute If you want your GPM rate to change a small amount, should you change the size of your nozzles or the pressure regulator? - CORRECT ANSWERS Pressure for small changes The age of the fish is determined by counting the number of wide transparent growth rings, called ________ - CORRECT ANSWERS annuli Two ways sunfish populations exceed normal rates - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Increased weed cover to hide from predators in

2. Decreased predators

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Intensive angling is often an effective form of fish population control. True or false? - CORRECT ANSWERS False ___________ is often the most effective method for reducing numbers of unwanted fish in small ponds. - CORRECT ANSWERS Seining Why should sunfish larger than 6 inches be returned to the water after seining? - CORRECT ANSWERS To select for a faster-growing trait in the population of fish Toxic effects of piscicides can be eliminated almost immediately with - CORRECT ANSWERS potassium permanganate (KMnO4) Piscicides work by interfering with fish _____________ ______________ - CORRECT ANSWERS cellular respiration How do you remove a taste or odor left by piscicide treatment? - CORRECT ANSWERS Treat the water with activated charcoal Piscicides are _________________ degraded, so if sunny weather is predicted, applications should be made early in the morning or late in the day to allow time for a reaction - CORRECT ANSWERS photochemically Catfish are _______ susceptible to piscicides than perch - CORRECT ANSWERS less List the three occasions when you should have available copies of the labels and MSDS for the pesticides being used (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. When products are handled and transported

2. Where products are stored
3. At treatment site

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List 6 of the 9 factors that must be taken into account when considering the rate of neutralization - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Volume of inflow to the treatment zone

2. Tributaries
3. Volume of outflow
4. Temperature
5. Turbidity
6. Chemical and biochemical oxygen demand
7. Species composition
8. Profile of water velocities across a stream channel
9. Dilution Effective treatment of flowing water systems is dependent on (6) - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Chemical concentration
10. Contact time
11. Type of target fish
12. Water temp
13. Water turbidity and pH
14. Weather Herbicide treatments usually result in increased ___________ of invertebrates, but fewer ____________ - CORRECT ANSWERS number, species Prevention of swimmer's itch parasite - CORRECT ANSWERS Removal of host snail's habitat How do zebra mussels cause ecological harm in the great lakes? - CORRECT ANSWERS By filtering plankton and making it unavailable for native species Of the 50 species of leeches in michigan, ____ attach themselves to humans. - CORRECT ANSWERS 4

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Where do leeches dwell? - CORRECT ANSWERS In twigs and leaves at the lake bottom What months are black fly adults most abundant? - CORRECT ANSWERS May and June Name 4 experimental treatments for zebra mussel management - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Chemical treatment

2. Heat
3. Electrical shock
4. Sonic vibrations Leeches are the preferred prey of _______ and ______ - CORRECT ANSWERS blugills, bass The US Fish and Wildlife service aren't the only ones who can respond to a nuissance wildlife call. True or false? - CORRECT ANSWERS True. They used to be the only ones allowed to. Who should be the first organization contacted about a nuissance wildlife request? - CORRECT ANSWERS County animal control divisions Name 3 ways to control muskrat and woodchuck populations. - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Mow earthen dams to reduce cover
5. Remove cattails, arrowhead and other emergent plants they use as a food source
6. Armor the shore with rocks to discourage burrowing How would you scare away predatory birds? - CORRECT ANSWERS Noisemakers or scarecrows How can you discourage herons from inhabiting an area? - CORRECT ANSWERS Deepen the edges of ponds to form steep underwater edges

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How can you discourage kingfishers from inhabiting an area? - CORRECT ANSWERS Remove perches near the water How can you discourage geese and ducks from inhabiting an area? - CORRECT ANSWERS Bird repellent tape How can you discourage snakes from inhabiting an area? - CORRECT ANSWERS Mowing pond bank vegetation and removing logs, tree roots, branches, and large stones from the shoreline How can you discourage beavers from inhabiting an area? - CORRECT ANSWERS Encircling trees and shrubs with a wire mesh at least 30 inches high If you need help with an injured or sick animal or one that may be suffering from pesticide poisoning, what two organization could you call? - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association (NWRA)

2. International Wildlife Rehabilitation Council (IWRC) Before an aquatic pesticide is labeled by the EPA, research requiring approximately _________ years to complete must be conducted. - CORRECT ANSWERS 10 Name 7 potential data required for pesticide registration - CORRECT ANSWERS 1. Potential residue in water
3. Environmental fate of compound (where it goes after application)
4. How the compound breaks down
5. Whether the compound is absorbed through skin or other acute routes of entry
6. Acute toxicity to test animals
7. Whether the compound causes birth defects or other abnormalities
8. The toxicity of the compound to aquatic organisms

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People are generally more concerned about LD50s than trust, fairness, and compassion. True or false? - CORRECT ANSWERS False What should applicators on the job be able to communicate about the pesticide they are using when dealing with the public? (3) - CORRECT ANSWERS Understand and be able to communicate the

1. Pesticide registration process
2. Pesticide mode of action
3. Environmental fate of pesticides Name the plant: Microscopic plants usually suspended in the upper few feet of water. They often reach bloom proportions. - CORRECT ANSWERS Planktonic algae Name the plant: Also known as "pond scum" because of greenish brown mats formed on the water's surface. Has a thread or cotton-like appearance. - CORRECT ANSWERS Filamnetous algae Name the plant: Appears brownish-green to green, usually with some red on the stems. Leaves usually occur in whorls of 4 or 5, with the appearance of weather-beaten feathers. - CORRECT ANSWERS Eurasian watermilfoil Name the plant: Has flattened, winged, red-brown brittle stems growing up to 6 feet long. Leaves are long and narrow (linear) with visible margins and blunt tips. Leaf margins are finely but irregularly toothed and wavy. - CORRECT ANSWERS Curly-leaf pondweed Name the plant: Has slender, somewhat red freely branched stems. All the leaves are submersed, filiform (threadlike) and arranged like fans at the ends of the stems. The leaf blades taper from base to tip. Small, nut-like fruits are arranged like beads on a string and emerge from the water. - CORRECT ANSWERS Sago pondweed

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Name the plant: Has wide, waxy, wavy leaves. Each leaf has broad base that appears to extend 3/4ths of the way around the stem. The upper stem is commonly branched and leafy. Leaves are arranged alternately on the stem and may be lanceolate to elliptical or ovate. - CORRECT ANSWERS Clasping-leaf pondweed Name the plant: Has long, linear, pointed leaves with distinct spiny teeth along their edges. Leaves are submersed, arranged oppositely or in groups of more than two at the node, and concentrated at the tips of the stem. - CORRECT ANSWERS Brittle naiad Name the plant: Has reddish brown stems that are usually very leafy. The linear, flat leaves are wider at the base and arranged oppositely or in whorls of three on a stem. Leaf margins may have minute spines. - CORRECT ANSWERS Southern naiad Name the plant: Green, ribbon-like leaves below the water surface. The flower is small, whitish yellow, visible in the late summer and supported by a coiled stalk so that it floats on the surface - CORRECT ANSWERS Wild celery / water celery Name the plant: Usually rootless, but the lower end of the stem is anchored in the sediment in the early season. Later, it floats near the surface. The central stem is hollow and branched. Dark green leaves are arranged in whorls of 5 to 12 and are usually thicker at the stem tip. - CORRECT ANSWERS Coontail Name the plant: Grows entirely below the water surface. It is usually a deep grass-green color and may grow to 6 feet long. The stem is branched and leaves are arranged in whorls of 3 to 4. - CORRECT ANSWERS Elodea Name the plant: Free-floating, small, green plants. Some types are smaller than a pinhead, others up to 1/2 inch long. Small roots may or may not grow from the underside of the plant. - CORRECT ANSWERS Duckweed Name the plant: Appears as minute, green grains floating on the water. It is the smallest of all flowering plants. Has no roots, and plants are often mistaken for seeds. - CORRECT ANSWERS Watermeal