MI Final Exam Questions & Answers 2024 120 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS, Exams of Information Technology Management

Download MI Final Exam Questions & Answers 2024 120 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS and more Exams Information Technology Management in PDF only on Docsity! QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS MI Final Exam Questions & Answers 2024 120 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS TESTED AND CONFIRMED A+ ANSWERS 1. Mass Media Mass media technologies that started off as helping interpersonal communication 2. Structure of the internet by centralized, decentralized or distributed networks mostly distributed because it limits the links between computers and makes it hard to track 3. Packet switching breaking up a larger message into smaller packets and transmitting them independently across the network. The receiving computer reassembles the packets into the original message 4. ARPA & ARPAnet - What is ARPA? it was the beginning organization that created the precursor to the internet - What was ARPAnet? the precursor network to the internet that was created to help further research 5. Role of the military & academics in developing the internet the network was created for them to communicate and for research to be moved along 6. Internet Protocols (TCP/IP) - What is TCP? a set of rules that governs the delivery of data over the Internet or other network that uses the Internet Protocol, and sets up a connection between the sending and receiving computers. - What is IP? Provides the address for each computer on the internet 7. e-mail message sent from one computer to another computer across the network 21. Bloggers & traditional media - Blogs rely on mainstream media - Bloggers influence mainstream media 22. Hacker ethic 23. Internet & Democratization U.S. Policy of Internet Freedom Success of social media 24. Information overload - all human communication up to 2003 would take 5 billion gigabytes of storage - Now it takes 2 days to produce that much 25. Personalization the practice of dynamically tailoring your site to the wants and needs of each user 26. Digital divide the divide between those who have access to computers and the Internet, and those who do not - Cycle of poverty - Socioeconomic gap 27. Privacy and the web (Acxiom) Acxiom collects, analyzes, and pases customer and business information for clients, helping them to target advertising campaigns, score leads, and more 28. Google’s click signal 29. Cookies a packet of data sent by an Internet server to a browser, which is returned by the browser each time it subsequently accesses the same server, used to identify the user or track their access to the server 30. Marketing online (behavioral retargeting & persuasion profiling) Net neutrality - Marketing online Behavioral retargeting- personalized data Persuasion Profiling- are you an impulse buyer? Personalized billboards- video game product placement - Net Neutrality Internet Service Providers (ISP) must treat all content equally. ISPs can deliberately slow down certain websites/content but they aren't allowed to Social Media 1. What makes something “social” media? - Customization - User generated content - Comments - Tagging - Social networking 2. Technological dependence 3. Social media & politics social media is very involved into politics and creates a lot of stimulation for campaigns 4. Democracy deficit campaigns only target swing voters (micro targeting) 5. Technological determination belief that impact of a message is determined by the medium over which its communicated 6. CMC text-based messages, which filter out most nonverbal cues 7. Cues filtered out/social presence theory - Cues filtered out CMC is problematic for relationship development because of the lack of nonverbal cues (fatal flaw for relationship development) - social presence theory CMC deprives users of the sense that another person is involved in interactions 8. Social Information Processing (SIP) Theory & the assumptions of the model Relationships grow only to the extent that parties first gain information about each other and use that information to form interpersonal impressions about each peripheral route - less scrutiny - the use of simple inferential cues to determine message agreement ex. ad with pretty girl for a car or look of car 13. Ability are we able to process the message? 14. Motivation do we want to process the message? 15. Biased/objective elaboration the extent to which a person has a preexisting attitude schema or structure 16. Theory of Reasoned Action aims to explain the relationship between attitudes and behaviors within human action 17. Process model 18.MODE model Media Effects 1. Violence is over determined -Multiplicity of factors influence violence & aggression - too many possible factors to consider 2. What are other factors that effect aggression? Biological, cultural, gender, temperature, arousal & violence 3. Generalized Affective Aggression Model (GAAM) posits that variables that increase aggression do so by increasing aggressive affect, aggressive cognition, or arousal *study table in notes 4. Why is there so much violence on TV? - Conflict (the core of drama) - Easy way to solve problems - Costs - Exportability - Media producers thinks that it sells 5. Priming effect of media when exposure to a message activates related thoughts stored in our mind 6. Cultivation effects of media exposure over time 7. Catharsis hypothesis\ the claim that people let out anger and hostility through violent media then become less aggressive 8. Imitative violence 9. Short term violence 10.Long term violence 11.Arousal 12.Desensitization increased violence in media can numb us to the real thing 13. Sensitization & fear 14. DisinhibitionSocial Learning Theory (social cognition theory) 15.Factors influencing motivation - rewards in actions - justification in actions - identification with perpetrator - perceived realism *vicarious 16. Bobo doll studies a study in which kids observed adults engaging in violence with a doll and what the kids did in return 2. ridicule 3. regulation 4. respect 30.Racism & sports broadcasting 31.Race & news 32.Parasocial contact Media Law 1. First Amendment freedom of speech 2. Prior Restraint Near vs. MinnesotaPentagon Papers - Prior Restraint A judicial order that stops a media organization from publishing or broadcasting a story or image - Near vs. Minnesota Saturday Press - Near's racist & anti-Semitic newspaper S.Ct. = not suppress an entire newspaper because its offensive 3. The CIA & the Cult of Intelligence - First book government attempted to stop publication of certain passages prior to publication - Attempted to remove 399 passages - 168 actually removed 4. Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 laws that included new powers to deport foreigners as well as making it harder for new immigrants to vote. 5. Espionage Act of 1917 and Sedition Act of 1918 - Espionage Act of 1917 Could not try to cause insubordination in the military Postmaster General could exclude from the mail anything advocating treason *suppressed socialist and other such magazines from being circulated - Sedition Act of 1918 Amended the Espionage Act Espionage Act required proof that harm had been done Sedition Act made the utterance illegal Crime to criticize the government, Constitution, or the military *resulted in self-censorship by editors 6. Schenck vs. U.S. (1919) and the clear & present danger standard - Leaflet sent to men who had passed the physical exam required for the draft - S. Ct upheld government laws allowing censorship during the war - Established the clear and present danger standard 7. Gitlow vs. New York (1925) - First Amendment applies to states as well as federal government - First Amendment is a fundamental right - Protected by the 14th Amendment 8. Smith Act (Alien Registration Act of 1940) made it a crime to advocate the violent overthrow of the government - Used to prosecute communists - Particularly those advocating strikes during the war 9. USA Patriot Act Section 215 - allows FBI to examine media use including: Mass telephone records (this stopped in 2015 with passage of the USA Freedom Act) Library records Internet use "other documents and papers" 10. Whistle blowers 11.Zenger trial - John Peter Zenger founded the New York Weekly Journal (1733 - Took on Governor William Cosby - Zenger was arrested Nov. 17, 1734 for seditious libel 12. Libel (defamation, identification & publication) - Libel a published false statement that is damaging to a person's reputation - defamation in libel does it damage a person's reputation - identification in libel does the defamation obviously apply to a particular individual(s) - publication in libel the defaming statement must be published or broadcast 13. Defenses against libel (truth, privilege, and opinions) - Defenses against truth truth is a defense against libel except if the plaintiff can show "actual malice" by the defendant in publishing the statement - The Defense of Privilege statements made in government meetings, in court, or in government documents cannot be used as the basis for a libel suit - Opinions a statement of opinion cannot be used as the basis for a libel suit 2. Authoritarian - reflects a philosophy of the absolute power of the monarchy and government - gov is good - masses are bad - media is independent but highly controlled by government 3. Libertarian - Reflects a philosophy of rationalism & natural rights (Locke, Mill, Hume, Berkeley) - Where is this found? England after the start of the 18th Century United States (until recently?) 4. Soviet/Communist 5. Social Responsibility - Outgrowth of the libertarian model - Responsibility of the press to guarantee all viewpoints are heard - Found in the United States during the 20th century - Reflects the philosophy of the Commission on the Freedom of the Press (the Hutchins Commission) +Media codes 6. Development theory - Developing nations need to implement press controls in order to: - Promote economic development - Educate the populace - National identity - Partnerships with neighboring countries - Decrease internal conflict 7. Revolutionary theory - Use of media by dissidents - Goal is to overthrow the government 8. Democratic socialist theory - Libertarian model has passed due to concentration - Social responsibility impossible with private ownership - State needs to take action to guarantee a responsible press +Regulations on ownership +Funded by fees but autonomous (BBC) 9. Elite power group model - Media characterized by concentrated ownership - Integration of the media with other elites - Two way flow of influence between government & the press - Media dependence on government for information - Media influence via coverage of issues 10. Media systems in Europe 11.Media systems in Russia 12.Media systems in China 13.Media systems in Japan & South Korea