MICHIGAN MOSQUITO CONTROL 7F 100% VERIFIED ANSWERS 2024/2025 CORRECT STUDY SET, Exams of Pest Management

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MICHIGAN MOSQUITO

CONTROL 7F 100% VERIFIED

ANSWERS 2024/

CORRECT STUDY SET

egg, larva, pupa, adult The four distinct stages of mosquito development There are ----- species of mosquitoes present in Michigan 60 Some of these species deposit their eggs on damp soil. Aedes and Psorophora Larvae breeding sites usually include water that is: stationary or very slow moving All larvae are: air breathers Culicinae (Aedes, Culex, Psorphora, etc.) except Coquillettidia hang at an -------- from the surface with the tip of their air tube inserted into the surface film. angle Coquillettidia obtain air by inserting their air tubes into hollow roots of aquatic plants and never need to go to the surface to breathe. Adult stage mosquitoes have three distinct body parts.

head, thorax and abdomen The ----- - segmented palpi originate at the lower front of the head near the proboscis and vary in size and shape. In female Anopheles, they are about the same length as the proboscis and straight- sided. five Only females take a blood meal, utilizing the protein from blood to produce eggs Michigan has 3 classes of mosquitoes grouped on the basis of larval habitats (breeding sites) and life history. permanent water mosquitoes, floodwater mosquitoes, and artificial container/tree hole mosquitoes Midges and crane flies These insects are commonly confused with mosquitoes. Floodwater mosquitoes have two groups summer floodwater and spring floodwater The most important mosquito-borne diseases in Michigan are caused by these. Viruses St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE) and West Nile (WN) disease Caused with a natural transmission cycle involving several species of wild birds (sparrows and starlings) and mosquitoes. The causative agent of this is a protozoan parasite, and a filarial worm causes dog heartworm. Malaria Major vectors of WN and SLE in the United States. Members of genus Culex

Some vertebrates do not develop a high enough level of a virus in their blood to transmit to another vertebrate. Dead-end host This is a mosquito-transmitted virus that causes a severe central nervous system disease in horses and humans. Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE) Disease symptoms are more common in children. Transmission involves mostly small mammals such as squirrels, chipmunks, field mice and rabbits, and mosquitoes of the genus Aedes as a vector. La Crosse Encephalitis (LAC) Approximately one quarter of mosquito species known to occur in Michigan are biologically capable of transmitting heartworm This virus is increasing in deer populations, especially in white-tailed deer. Jamestown Canyon virus These are needed to show fluctuations in mosquito abundance. Surveys Special maps needed for mosquito control can be developed easily with Geographic information system (GIS) software Collecting mosquitoes as they land and attempt to bite is a convenient method of sampling mosquito populations Adult mosquitoes are inactive during the day The majority of mosquito sampling is done during

dusk and dawn Equipment commonly used for mosquito sampling: Collecting tube or aspirator, plastic vials, cages for live collection, field record forms, notebook, pencil, flashlight, and map Two general types of mosquito resting stations natural and artificial This type of trap is widely used to obtain a date on the density and species composition of mosquito populations. New Jersey light trap This light trap was developed with portability in mind. It is lightweight and uses a 6-volt battery pack, so it can be used for sampling in remote areas where power is unavailable. Center for Disease Control (CDC) miniature light trap If a trap is baited with ---------, it will collect almost exclusively adult female mosquitoes, a desirable feature in collecting mosquitoes for virus studies. CO Anopheles quadrimaculatus is a mosquito that commonly spreads malaria This type of trap utilizes water vapor of varying organic content (infusions) as the attractant. Gravid traps Live-captured --------- can be used for species density information, virus isolation studies and laboratory studies. females This type of trap samples eggs of container-breeding Oviposition trap

The most effective mosquito management program and control strategy is an organized program under the direction of an entomologist A ------------------ is a chemical that is similar to the juvenile hormone of the mosquito. The excess of the juvenile hormone does not allow the larva to develop and emerge as an adult. mosquito growth regulator These minnows are a widely used mosquito predator. They can be commercially introduced to ponds and other bodies of water, where they feed on mosquito larva. Gambusia affinis Surface oils and films are best used against mosquito larva A registered larvicide that is generally used Temephos When planning and applying products consider a small droplet size of --- to --- micron. This type of application provides the most effective kill of adult mosquitoes with the least effect on the environment. 5 to 27 microns A registered insecticide for mosquito control Malathion Effective public relations requires professional appearance and attitude as well as providing educational materials to customers. Mosquito control equipment can be divided into these two categories larviciding and adulticiding

Mosquito --------- and -------- are the least mobile, most concentrated and most accessible stages of the mosquito. larvae--- and pupae Compression sprayers are commonly used with applying liquid -------- larvacides The most commonly used hand-carried granular applicator is a crank-operated, spinning disk type for --------- coverage over small areas inaccessible to vehicle mounted units. broadcast These type of aircraft can be used to treat large areas of habitat quickly using either granular or liquid larvicides. rotary or fixed-wing These dispense a highly visible vapor cloud that condenses into a light fog. hand-held thermal fog unit Most adulticiding is performed with ------------------ equipment. ultra low volume Favorable conditions for thermal fogging and ULV treatments not raining, wind is below 10 mph, and temperatures above 55 degrees Areas difficult to spray such in the evening such as parks and golf courses, can be treated during the day using --------------- formulations. These applications provide direct kill of mosquitoes that are present and also give a short-term residual kill. emulsifiable concentrate ----------- should be done when mosquitoes are most active (around sunset and dawn.) Fogging Reasons to evaluate insecticides used for mosquito control.

1. To determine effectiveness of ongoing mosquito control operations. 2. To test the effectiveness of new insecticides or formulations. 3. To test the effectiveness of new application methods. ---------- differs from collecting in the systematic way in which mosquitoes are acquired. Sampling. Sampling generally allows an estimate of the relative abundance of mosquitoes. -------- and ------ of mosquitoes that have habitats difficult to sample with a dipper may be sampled with a modified hand-operated bilge pump or other similar method. Larvae and pupae --------- is an insect growth regulator Methoprene Monitoring ----------- applications is usually easier than evaluating adulticides because larvae are generally easier to sample. larvicides For adulticides intended to kill flying mosquitoes, an effective method for evaluation involves using -------------------. sentinel caged mosquitoes The efficacy of the adulticide represented as a percent reduction (R) or percent mortality can then be quantitatively estimated using ---------------. Abbott's formula These include other insects and invertebrates, fish and birds that may be harmed or killed by the insecticide application. Non-target organisms A very large, comprehensive evaluation is called an -----------------. environmental impact study

Most information about special precautions, selections, storage, handling and disposal of pesticides can be found on -------------. the label All pesticides for use as larvicides and adulticides must be registered with the ------- and the state of Michigan. EPA Mosquito control pesticides can be either specific or broad-spectrum These insecticides may have harmful effects on non-target organisms Broad-spectrum These insecticides are effective against certain insects or insects at particular stages. These types of insecticides are usually less toxic to humans and other animals than broad-spectrum insecticides. specific This signal word is used on the label to describe Category III and IV compounds. CAUTION This signal word is used on Category II compounds and is moderately toxic. WARNING Other information on use of PPE, environmental hazards, use directions, first aid, and storage and disposal are found on --------. the label Mosquito larvae eat bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti), which is made up of the dormant sport of the bacterium and an associated protein toxin. The toxin disrupts the ----- in the mosquito by binding to receptor cells prsent in insects but not in mammals. gut

------------ is a relatively new class of insecticides with broad application in agriculture. Can be applied to almost any breeding site, including floodwater habitats, storm water catch basins and artificial containers. Spinosad Monomolecular -------- are low-toxicity pesticides that spread a thin film of surfactants at the water surface to decrease the surface tension. This makes it difficult for mosquito larvae to attach to the water's surface and causes them to drown. films Larvaciding ----- also form a coating on top of the water to drown larvae and pupae by clogging their breathing tubes. oils Pyrethroids are synthetic chemical insecticides commonly used to kill --------- mosquitoes. adult Before providing a community mosquito control service a commercial applicator must make reasonable effort to provide prior ----------- to persons who own or reside on property adjacent or within the target area or to their authorized representatives. notification Michigan Department of Agriculture and Rural Development (MDARD) maintains an annual list of certified ----------------. organic farms registry All types of waters (lakes, rivers, streams, impoundments, open drains, wetlands, and other surface bodies of water within the confines of the state.) Surface waters of the state A General Certification of Approval Authorizing Mosquito Control is Surface Storm Water Catch Basins (Certification R97007/002) is needed for application of certain ----------- to surface water in

stormwater catch basins not covered by a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. pesticide A ---------------- is any substance used to control pests, to prevent or reduce the damage that pests cause, or to prevent or reduce threats to health of people, domestic animals or wildlife. pesticide Off-target pesticide -------- is the physical movement of pesticides at the time of application to any non-target site. drift When liquid pesticide solutions are sprayed by ground spray equipment or aircraft, pesticide droplets are produced by the -------- of the application equipment. nozzles If droplets are too ------, they may stay suspended in air and may be carried by air currents until they contact a surface or drop to the ground. small Records for general-use pesticides must be kept for a period of at least --------------- following the application. 1 year A mixing and loading facility means a location or site where pesticides are transferred from one container to another, repackaged, or mixed in dry or liquid form for more than ----- days in any calendar year. 10