Microbiology and Immunology Concepts, Exams of Microbiology

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IRENE GOLD MICROBIOLOGY BOARDS

FINAL EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE

400 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED

ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY

GRADED A+

Measles family? - ANSWERParamyxoviridae Mumps family? - ANSWERParamyxoviridae RSV family? - ANSWERParamyxoviridae Influenza family? - ANSWEROrthomyxoviridae Rabies family? - ANSWERRhabdoviridae Ebola family? - ANSWERFiloviridae Hantavirus family? - ANSWERBunyaviridae Rotavirus family? - ANSWERReoviridae Rhinovirus family? - ANSWERPicornaviridae Poliovirus family? - ANSWERPicornaviridae ECHO virus family? - ANSWERPicornaviridae Coxsackie virus family? - ANSWERPicornaviridae Rubella family? - ANSWERTogaviridae W/E equine encephalitis family? - ANSWERTogaviridae Dengue virus family? - ANSWERFlaviviridae Yellow fever virus? - ANSWERFlaviviridae

St. Louis encephalitis family? - ANSWERFlaviviridae Norwalk virus family? - ANSWERCaliciviridae Secretory Ab found in mucous membranes. Transferred through breast milk - ANSWERIgA Ab that helps IgG - ANSWERIgD Ab that increases in Hodgkin's - ANSWERIgE Most numerous Ab. Transferred in utero. Anamnestic response. First to increase in repeat exposure - ANSWERIgG Largest and heaviest Ab. Pentamer. Non specific. First to increase in initial exposure - ANSWERIgM Lymphocyte activating factor made by macrophages for brain and nervous tissue - ANSWERIL- 1 T cell growth factor made by CD4 cells - ANSWERIL- 2 IL made by bone marrow for blood and lymph - ANSWERIL- 3 Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) 1 is recognized by what cells - ANSWERT cells and B cells Major histocompatibility complex (MHC 2) is recognized by what cells - ANSWERB cells only Gram positive organisms - ANSWERBacillus Listeria monocytogenes Clostridium Cornybacterium diptheriae Staph Strep (BLCCSS) Staph aureus diseases - ANSWERScalded skin syndrome Toxic shock Osteomyelitis Impetigo (MCC) Carbuncles (STOIC) Strep pyogens diseases - ANSWERStrep throat

Erysipelas (superficial cellulitis) Rheumatic fever Glomerulonephritis Impetigo (2nd MCC) Scarlet fever (SERGIS) What presents with strawberry tongue - ANSWERScarlet fever "Saint Anthony's fire" - ANSWERErysipelas Jones criteria for rheumatic fever - ANSWERCarditis (MacCallum patch in posterior left atrium) Syndenham's chorea Subcutaneous nodule Erythema marginatum Migratory polyarthritis Function of complement system? - ANSWEREnhances phagocytosis Classical and alternate complement pathways meet at? - ANSWERC3B Complement system membrane attack complex formation takes place at - ANSWERC5b- 9 Aschoff bodies are associated with - ANSWERRheumatic fever Extensive Aschoff bodies - ANSWERMcCallums patch Babes Ernst granules are associated with - ANSWERDiphtheria Councilman cells are associated with - ANSWERViral hepatitis Downey cells are associated with - ANSWERMononucleosis Epithelioid histiocytes are associated with - ANSWERTB Calcium jail around mycobacterium - ANSWERGhon complex Guarneri bodies are associated with - ANSWERSmall pox (variola) Gummas are associated with - ANSWERTertiary syphilis Koplik spots are associated with - ANSWERMeasles Old age pigment - ANSWERLipofuscin

Build up of lipofuscin in organs - ANSWERBrown's atrophy Lewy bodies are associated with - ANSWERParkinson's Mallory bodies are associated with - ANSWERHepatitis/alcoholism Negri bodies are associated with - ANSWERRabies Reed Sternberg cells are associated with - ANSWERHodgkin's Russell bodies are associated with - ANSWERChronic inflammation, malignancy, multiple myeloma Antibody against a toxin - ANSWERAntitoxin Immunity type: disease exposure and body reaction - ANSWERNatural active Immunity type: injection of attenuated organism - ANSWERArtificial active Tetanus toxoid injection is which type of immunity - ANSWERArtificial active Immunity type: Ab from mother to infant - ANSWERNatural passive Ab transferred in utero - ANSWERIgG Ab transferred through breast milk - ANSWERIgA Immunity type: injection of preformed Ab - ANSWERArtificial passive Tetanus antitoxin injection is which type of immunity - ANSWERArtificial passive T/F: tetanus antitoxin can cross BBB - ANSWERF Toxin from lipopolysaccharide later of cell - ANSWEREndotoxin Are endotoxins heat stable? - ANSWERYes Do gram+ or gram- organisms produce endotoxins - ANSWERGram- Toxin that affects the intestines - ANSWEREnterotoxin Toxin from cell wast products - ANSWERExotoxin Are exotoxins heat stabile - ANSWERNo - heat labile

Inanimate object is vector - ANSWERFomite Partial antigen. Does not stimulate immune response - ANSWERHapten Toxin that affects the nervous system - ANSWERNeurotoxin Function of opsonin? - ANSWEREnhance phagocytosis Acellular protein that denatures other proteins - ANSWERPrion Inactivated toxin - ANSWERToxoid Hypersensitivity type 1 - ANSWERAnaphylactic/immediate Hypersensitivity reaction type: asthma, allergy, bee sting, hay fever - ANSWERType 1 Hypersensitivity with IgE, mast cells, basophils - ANSWERType 1 Hypersensitivity type 2 - ANSWERCytotoxic Hypersensitivity reaction type: min-hours. Goodpasteur's, erythroblastosis fetalis, blood transfusions, myasthenia gravis, Grave's - ANSWERType 2 Hypersensitivity with IgG. Antigen and antibody - ANSWERType 2 Hypersensitivity type 3 - ANSWERImmune-complex mediated Hypersensitivity reaction type: 3-10 hours. Glomerulonephritis, lupus, RA. Arthus reaction (local necrosis). Serum sickness (systemic) - ANSWERType 3 Hypersensitivity with IgG and complement. Antigen and Ab and complement - ANSWERType 3 Hypersensitivity type 4 - ANSWERDelayed/cell-mediated Hypersensitivity reaction type: 48 hours. TB, contact dermatitis, transplant rejection - ANSWERType 4 Hypersensitivity with T cells and lymphocytes - ANSWERType 4 Microbe that eats inorganic material - ANSWERAutotroph Microbe that eats organic material - ANSWERHeterotroph Microbe that eats dead/decaying material - ANSWERSaprophyte

Microbe that eats off living organisms - ANSWERParasite Microbe that prefers oxygen - ANSWERFacultative aerobe Microbe that prefers no oxygen - ANSWERFacultative anaerobe Microbe that requires oxygen - ANSWERObligate aerobe Microbe that requires no oxygen - ANSWERObligate anaerobe Microbe that lives with reduced oxygen - ANSWERMicroaerophile What type of microbe is grown in candle jar culture - ANSWERMicroaerophile 2 populations living together - one or both benefit - ANSWERSymbiosis 2 populations living together - both benefit - ANSWERMutualism 2 populations living together - both benefit and accomplish what neither can do alone - ANSWERSynergism 2 populations living together - one benefits and the other is unaffected - ANSWERCommensalism Transfer of disease from animal to human - ANSWERZoonosis Single flagella on one pole - ANSWERMonotrichus Multiple flagella on one pole - ANSWERLophotrichus Flagella on both poles - ANSWERAmphitrichus Flagella all the way around - ANSWERPeritrichus Test for carcinogenicity/mutagenicity - ANSWERAmes test Ames test uses what pathogen - ANSWERSalmonella typhimurium Test for anthrax - ANSWERAscholi test Test for rheumatic fever (for strep pyogens Ab) - ANSWERASO titer Test for % of butterfat in milk - ANSWERBabcock test Test for pneumococci vs alpha hemolytic strep viridans - ANSWERBile solubility test

Best test for water pollution - ANSWERBOD (biological oxygen demand) Complement fixation test - ANSWERBordet Gengou phenomenon Test to differentiate staph from strep - ANSWERCatalase (staph+) Culture for growing viruses (obligate intracellular parasites) - ANSWERChick embryo or tissue culture Agar for growing gonorrhea - ANSWERChocolate agar (Thayer Martin agar/Heated blood agar) Test to differentiate staph aureus from other staph - ANSWERCoagulase (aureus+) Test for E. Coli in water - ANSWERColliform test Test for hemolysis - ANSWERComplement fixation test Test for RBC antigens, hemolytic anemia, erythroblastosis fetalis, Rh factor - ANSWERCoombs test Test for scarlet fever - ANSWERDick test Test for protozoa - ANSWERGiemsa stain Test for seronegative arthritides (PEAR) - ANSWERHLA B Test for AIDS - ANSWERHLA DR5/CD EILSA test specifically tests.. - ANSWERDNA Western blot test specifically tests.. - ANSWERProtein Test for staph - ANSWERMannitol salt CSF test for meningitis would show? - ANSWERLow glucose Heterophile agglutination test for mononucleosis - ANSWERPaul Bunnel test Test to determine if all phosphatase enzyme is destroyed in milk pasteurization - ANSWERPhosphatase test Test for swelling of capsule of strep pneumoniae - ANSWERQuellung reaction test Test for fungi - ANSWERSabouraud agar

Test for immunity to diphtheria - ANSWERSchick test Test for antitoxin reaction to scarlet fever - ANSWERSchultz-Carlton reaction Serology test that is positive for all Rickettsia except Coxiella burnetti (Q fever) - ANSWERWeil Felix test What antigen is used in Weil Felix test - ANSWERProteus vulgaris Test for typhoid fever - ANSWERWidal test Test for herpes zoster/simplex, varicella - ANSWERTzank test 6 syphilis tests - ANSWERKline test Kahn test Washerman test TPI VDRL Darkfield test 5 TB tests - ANSWERMantoux/Tine/skin prick test PPD (purified protein derivative) Delayed hypersensitivity test (type 4) Ziehl Nielsen staining (acid fast organisms) Chest xray T/F: all mycobacterium are acid fast - ANSWERT 4 mononucleosis tests - ANSWERHeterophile Ab test Paul Bunnel test Downey cell Monospot Pasteurization method: 145F for 30 min - ANSWERHolding/batch method Pasteurization method: 161F for 15 sec - ANSWERFlash/continuous Pasteurization method: 191F for 2 - 5 sec - ANSWERUltrahigh Pasteurization method: 274F for 15 min - ANSWERSterilization/autoclave Pasteurization method: steam heat under pressure that denatures membranes - ANSWERSterilization/autoclave Salk or rabies vaccines are examples of what vaccination type - ANSWERInactivated

Tetanus or botulism vaccines are examples of what vaccination type - ANSWERToxoid Measles, mumps, rubella, and Sabin vaccines are examples of what vaccination type - ANSWERLive attenuated Measles and mumps vaccines are manufactured from - ANSWERChick embryo Rubella, rabies, and hep A vaccines are manufactured from - ANSWERHuman diploid cells Polio vaccine is manufactured from - ANSWERMonkey kidney tissue Ascending demyelination of PNS that can be acquired after flu vaccine or infection - ANSWERGillian-Barre (post-infectious polyradiculopathy) Case study type that identifies risk factors - ANSWERCase control Case study type that eliminates placebo effect - ANSWERDouble blind Pus color for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (open burn infection) - ANSWERBlue/green Pus color for Serratia marcenscens - ANSWERRed Pus color for Chlamydia - ANSWERWhite Pus color for staph aureus - ANSWERYellow Pus color for gonorrhea - ANSWERYellow/green Drug used to fix gross specimens - ANSWERFormaldehyde Drug used for pre-op disinfectant - ANSWERIodine Drug used for gram+ organisms. Inhibits cell wall synthesis - ANSWERPenicillin Drug that used to be used for newborn's eyes to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum (Gonorrhea) - ANSWERSilver nitrate Drug that replaced silver nitrate for newborn's eyes - ANSWERErythromycin Drug used for MRSA treatmetn - ANSWERVancomycin MRSA stands for - ANSWERMethycilline resistant staph aureus Drug for gram- organisms. Inhibits protein synthesis - ANSWERStreptomyecin

Drug for gram- organisms. Competes with PABA - ANSWERSulfa Drug that inhibits protein synthesis in gram+ and gram- organisms. Turns teeth gray/yellow/brown - ANSWERTetracycline Person who developed humoral/phagocytic theory of immune response - ANSWERBurnet/Metchinkoff Person who discovered bacteriophage (altered virus) - ANSWERFelix D'Herelle Person who developed magic bullet sulfa drugs. First syphilis treatment - ANSWEREhlich Person who discovered penicillin - ANSWERFlemming Person who discovered the first virus (tobacco mosaic virus) - ANSWERIwanowski Person who developed the smallpox vaccine - ANSWERJenner Person who proved that bacteria causes disease and formulated the anthrax vaccine - ANSWERKoch Person who classified streptococcus - ANSWERRebecca Lancefield Person who developed the first microscope - ANSWERLeeuwenhoek Person who developed antisepsis using carbolic acid to sterilize surgical instruments - ANSWERLister Father of pathology/germ theory. Disproved spontaneous generation. Developed rabies vaccine - ANSWERPasteur Pasteur pasteurized what before milk? - ANSWERWine Person who discovered prions - ANSWERStanley Pyusner Person who discovered yellow fever - ANSWERWalter Reed Person who developed oral live polio vaccine - ANSWERSabin Person who developed first polio vaccine (dead injection) - ANSWERSalk Person who came up with washing hands before delivering a baby and reduced puerperal fever/childbed fever - ANSWERSemmelweiss Description of morphology of agar plate colonies. DHMORS - ANSWERD - dwarf

H - spreading M - mucoid capsule O - compact (O vs. H) R - rough S - smooth Koch's 4 postulates - ANSWER1. Find microorganism in people with disease

2. Isolate and grow it in a culture
3. Should cause disease in healthy individual when introduced
4. Reisolate microorganism from inoculated people Acid fast stain is used to test for - ANSWERMycobacterium Blood agar is used to categorize - ANSWERStreptococcus Alpha hemolysis in a blood agar will show - ANSWERPartial hemolysis - green ring Strep pneumoniae and strep viridans are examples of which hemolysis type - ANSWERAlpha What pathogen causes subacute bacterial endocarditis secondary to rheumatic fever - ANSWERStrep viridans Beta hemolysis in a blood agar will show - ANSWERComplete hemolysis - clear ring Strep pyogenes is an example of which hemolysis type - ANSWERBeta Gamma hemolysis in a blood agar will show - ANSWERNothing - no change Strep mutants is an example of which hemolysis type - ANSWERGamma Giemsa stain is used for - ANSWERProtozoa Gram stain procedure - ANSWERPrimary - crystal violet or methylene blue Fixer - iodine Decolorizer - acetone or ethyl alcohol Counterstain - saffarin (red/pink) Mannitol salt is used for - ANSWERStaphylococcus Term for plasmid DNA transfer via sex pilus - ANSWERConjugation Term for bacteriophage transferring genetic material between bacteria - ANSWERTransduction Term for direct uptake of free DNA for cell reproduction - ANSWERTransformation

CDC produces.. - ANSWERStatistics Agency that monitors soil/air/water quality - ANSWEREPA Agency that controls FDA, CDC, USPHS - ANSWERHHS NIH produces.. - ANSWERResearch Agency responsible for milk and milk products - ANSWERUSDA Leading causes of death for infants (2) - ANSWER1. Congenital malformations

2. Prematurity Leading causes of death for US adults (5) - ANSWER1. Heart disease
3. Cancer
4. Stroke
5. Respiratory infection
6. Accidents Leading causes of death for adults worldwide (2) - ANSWER1. TB
7. Malaria Water purification steps (8) - ANSWER1. Filtration
8. Flocculation (aluminum trichloride)
9. Sedimentation
10. Sludge digestion (add anaerobic bacteria)
11. Sand filtration (removes bacteria)
12. Aeration (decreases BOD)
13. Chlorination
14. Fluoridation (optional) A tapeworm is a type of.. - ANSWERFlatworm A fluke is a type of.. - ANSWERFlatworm Common name for tapeworm - ANSWERCestode Common name for roundworm - ANSWERNematode Common name for fluke - ANSWERTrematode Worm with flat ovoid body - ANSWERFluke/trematode Worm with cylindrical unsegmented body - ANSWERRoundworm/nematode

Worm with long ribbon-like body - ANSWERTapeworm/cestode Term for the head of a tapeworm - ANSWERScolex Term for the body of a tapeworm - ANSWERProglottids Dwarf tapeworm spread via mouth that causes diarrhea - ANSWERHymenolepis nana (tapeworm) Tapeworm in uncooked beef - ANSWERTaenia saginata Tapeworm in uncooked pork that causes larval cysts in liver, eye, brain - ANSWERTaenia solium Tapeworm in uncooked fish (MC yellow fin tuna) that causes pernicious anemia - ANSWERDiphyllobothrium latum Tapeworm in dog feces that causes hydatid cysts in liver and lungs - ANSWEREchinococcus granulosus Blood fluke in snails and water that causes swimmer's itch and inhabits liver - ANSWERShistosoma japonicum MCC of death by helminth worldwide - ANSWERShistosoma japonicum Intestinal fluke in aquatic plants from snail feces - ANSWERFasciolopsis buski Liver fluke in raw fish - ANSWERClonorchis sinensis Liver fluke in aquatic plants - ANSWERFasciolopsis hepatica Pulmonary fluke in crayfish - ANSWERParagonimus westermani Roundworm spread via oral/fecal that causes colicky pain and lives in small intestine - ANSWERAscaris lumbricoides MC roundworm - ANSWERAscaris lumbricoides MC helminthic infection worldwide - ANSWERAscaris lumbricoides Roundworm spread via mosquitoes that causes elephantitis - ANSWERWuchereria bancrofti (filiariasis type) Roundworm in feces contaminated soil. Hookworm - ANSWERNecator americanus/ancylostoma duodenale

MC hookworm in US - ANSWERNecator americanus/ancylostoma duodenale Roundworm spread via oral/fecal that causes nocturnal anal itching. Dx with scotch tape test. Pinworm/threadworm - ANSWEREnterobius vermicularis MC helminth in US - ANSWEREnterobius vermicularis Roundworm spread via flies that causes river blindness in Africa - ANSWEROnchocerca volvulus Roundworm spread via flies. River eye worm in africa - ANSWERLoa loa Roundworm in raw pork that lives in striated muscle, intercostal, and diaphragm. Dx on xray - ANSWERTrichonella spiralis Roundworm spread via oral/fecal that causes weight loss. Whipworm - ANSWERTrichuris trichura Subunit of protein coat/capsid of virus particle - ANSWERCapsomere The viral envelope is made up of a - ANSWERTrilamina lipid membrane SsRNA. Infects plants - ANSWERviroid T/F: a virus can contain DNA, RNA, or both - ANSWERF - can only contain DNA or RNA - NOT BOTH Viruses are most commonly transmitted via which bodily system - ANSWERRespiratory Exceptions include arboviruses, AIDS, polio (oral/fecal), rabies, warts, hepatitis Which type of herpes simplex causes fever blister or cold sores and lives in trigeminal ganglion - ANSWERType 1 What causes shingles - ANSWERHerpes zoster What virus causes pink cauliflower lesions on female genitalia - ANSWERMolluscum contagiosum German measles/3 day measles. Causes limb malformation - ANSWERRubella virus Red measles. Causes Koplik spots. Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis - ANSWERRubeola virus What virus causes cow pox - ANSWERVaccinia What virus causes a maculopapularvesicular rash - ANSWERVaricella - chicken pox

What virus causes small pox - > Guarneri bodies - ANSWERVariola What virus causes childhood dysentery - hand/foot/mouth disease - ANSWERCoxsackie virus B Echo virus causes? - ANSWERSkin rash, heart disease, enteric reaction Hantavirus is spread via - ANSWERRodents Virus spread via oral/fecal that affects anterior horn - ANSWERPolio Virus that causes conjunctivitis and pharyngitis - ANSWERAdenovirus Virus with antigenic shift (big mutation) or drift (small mutation) - ANSWERInfluenza What virus causes mumps (parotiditis) and can lead to Bell's palsy - ANSWERSidomegalic paramyxoid virus What virus causes croup and bronchiolitis usually in children - ANSWERRSV What virus causes birth defects and disseminated disease in AIDS patients - ANSWERCMV Bullet shaped virus that causes Negri bodies in brain - ANSWERRabies Negative reaction to aspirin taken for viral infection. Leads to fatty liver and encephalopathy - ANSWERReyes syndrome MC fungal infection in AIDS - ANSWERPneumocystitis carinii MCC of AIDS death - ANSWERPneumocystitis carinii MC parasitic infection in AIDS - ANSWERToxoplasmosis How is toxoplasmosis spread - ANSWERCat feces MCC of death by cancer in AIDS - ANSWERKaposi sarcoma Opportunistic AIDS infection that causes mucousy diarrhea - ANSWERGiardia lamblia MC protozoal infection in AIDS - ANSWERToxoplasmosis Hepatitis spread via oral/fecal - ANSWERHep A

Hepatitis spread via sex/IV drug use and causes liver cancer. Only DNA virus. Most lethal in acute phase. Endemic in Asia - ANSWERHep B Hepatitis spread via tattoos/blood transfusions and causes liver cancer - ANSWERHep C Hepatitis that co-infects with Hep B - ANSWERHep D Are equine encephalitis diseases group A or B arbovirus? - ANSWERA Is yellow fever group A or B arbovirus? - ANSWERB Is dengue fever group A or B arbovirus? - ANSWERB Common name for eastern equine encephalitis - ANSWERWest Nile virus Vector for yellow fever - ANSWERAedes agypti mosquito First sign of dengue fever - ANSWERArthralgia What arbovirus causes breakbone fever/bone crusher disease - ANSWERDengue fever Arbo-bacteria spread via rat flea (xenopsylla cheopis) that causes neck and axillary lymph node enlargement. Death by asphyxiation - ANSWERBubonic plague Pathogen that causes bubonic plague - ANSWERYersinia/pasteruella pestis Arbo-bacteria spread via rabbits - ANSWERTuleremia Pathogen that causes tuleremia - ANSWERFrancisella tularensis Foodborne bacteria that causes floppy baby syndrome. Diploplia - > death - ANSWERClostridium botulinum What is added to meat to prevent botulism - ANSWERNitrates MCC of gastritis, diarrhea, and food poisoning. Abdominal pain, blood/pus in stool, fever

• ANSWERCampylobactor jejuni Bacteria in deli meats and soft cheeses - ANSWERListeria monocytogenes Bacteria in eggs and poultry. Infection causes fever - ANSWERSalmonella entrides Bacteria in creams and custards. Heat stabile toxin - ANSWERStaph aureus

Bacteria that causes rose colored spots on abdomen and hides in GB and ileum Peyer's patches. Dx with Widal test - ANSWERSalmonella typhi - typhoid fever Water borne bacteria also in milk that causes Bang's disease. Undulant fever and spontaneous abortions in cattle - ANSWERBrucella abortus Water borne bacteria that causes rice water stools and vomiting - ANSWERVibrio cholera Water and soil borne bacteria that causes dysentery - ANSWERShigella Pathogen that causes traveler's diarrhea/Montezuma's revenge - ANSWEREnterotoxigenic E. Coli Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli causes - ANSWERHamburger's disease Soil borne bacteria spread via spore inhalation from animals - ANSWERBacillus anthracosis (gram+) Soil borne bacteria that causes lockjaw/trismus by inhibiting GABA and glycine (blocking inhibitory NTs) - ANSWERClostridium tetani Soil borne bacteria that causes gas gangrene - ANSWERClostridium perfingings/welchi Causes of otitis media (2) - ANSWER1. Hemophilus influenza

2. Strep pneumoniae Causes of otitis external (2) - ANSWER1. E. Coli
3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Spirochete in water that causes Weil's syndrome (hemorrhagic jaundice) - ANSWERLeptospira interrobang/ictohemorrhagica - Leptospirosis Spirchete spread via deer tick/lxodes scapular that causes erythema chronicum migricans/bull's eye rash - ANSWERBorrelia burgdorferi - Lyme's disease Spirochete spread via ticks/lice/rabbits that causes a relapsing fever - ANSWERBorrelia recurrentis Spirochete STD that causes syphilis - ANSWERTreponema pallidum Spirochete spread via skin contact that causes non-venereal syphilis. Tropical infection of skin/bone/joint - ANSWERTreponema pertenue - Yaws What test differentiates treponema pallidum and pertenue - ANSWERDark field microscopy

Childhood dysentery is caused by - ANSWERCoxsackie virus B Bacterial dysentery is caused by - ANSWERShigella Amoebic dysentery is caused by - ANSWEREntamoeba histolytica Bacterial shape: "many shapes" - ANSWERPleomorphic What shape is strep - ANSWERLinear A cluster of bacteria - ANSWERStaph Comma shaped bacteria - ANSWERVibrio Bacterial virulence factor for B hemolytic strep that dissolves clots - ANSWERStreptokinase Bacterial virulence factor for staph that catalysts formation of fibrin from fibrinogen - ANSWERCoagulase Bacterial virulence factor for staph that breaks down RBCS - ANSWERHemolysin Bacterial virulence factor exotoxin for staph or strep that kills WBCs - ANSWERLeukocidin Bacterial virulence factor for staph, strep, or clostridia that breaks down tissue "cement" of hyaluronic acid and facilitates dissemination - ANSWERHyaluronidase Bacteria that grow at 15C or lower - ANSWERPsychophilic Bacteria that grow at 25-40C (optimal is 37C - human temp) - ANSWERMesophilic Type of bacteria that are killed by fever - ANSWERMesophilic Bacteria that grow at 45C or above - ANSWERThermophilic MCC of meningitis in newborns (2) - ANSWER1. E. Coli

2. Listeria MCC of meningitis in children (2) - ANSWER1. Strep pneumoniae
3. Neisseria meningitides Which meningitis is the only that presents with a rash - ANSWERNeisseria meningitides MCC of meningitis in adults - ANSWERStrep pneumoniae

Most lethal meningitis that causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis - ANSWERNaegleria fowleri Protozoa in food and water that causes amoebic dysentery (mild diarrhea). Cyst is infective - ANSWEREntamoeba histolytica - Amebiasis Protozoa that is in stream water and causes flatulence, poor absorption, mucousy diarrhea. Cyst is infective - ANSWERGiardia lamblia - Giardiasis (beaver fever) Protozoa spread by sandflies. Viscerotropic - ANSWERLeishmania donovani - Kala- Azar disease/Leishmaniasis Protozoa spread by female anopheles mosquito. Causes anemia and chronic splenomegaly - ANSWERPlasmodium vivax - Malaria MC form of malaria - ANSWERPlasmodium vivax What allele protects against malaria - ANSWERSickle cell allele Plasmodium vivax is injected as a _________ and spreads through the body as ________ - ANSWERInjected as a sporozoite Spreads through body as merozoites (pathogenic stage) Protozoa spread by anopheles mosquito and causes most fatal form of malaria. Black water fever (urinating oxidized blood) - ANSWERPlasmodium falciparum Protozoa in cat feces and uncooked meat that causes miscarriages - ANSWERToxoplasma gondii - Toxoplasmosis Protozoa spread by kissing reduviid bug that causes Chaga's disease - ANSWERTrypanosoma cruzi - Trypanosomiasis Protozoa spread by Tsetse fly that causes African sleeping sickness - ANSWERTrypanosoma gambiense- Trypanosomiasis Fungal virulence factor that attacks skin - ANSWERKeratinase Fungal virulence factor that attacks muscle - ANSWERProteinase Fungal virulence factor that attacks CT - ANSWERElastase Fungal infection in nuts and grains that causes a fungus ball to grow in lungs. Aflatoxin causes primary liver cancer - ANSWERAspergillus fumigatus - Aspergillosis Endemic fungus on Eastern seaboard - ANSWERBlastomycosis

Endemic fungus in SW deserts. San Joaquin valley fever - ANSWERCoccidiomycosis Endemic fungus in MI/OH valleys. Causes calcific lesions in lung similar to TB - ANSWERHistoplasmosis Fungal infection in pigeon droppings. MCC of death in AIDS - ANSWERPneumocystis carinii Fungal infection in rose bush thorns - ANSWERSporotherix schenckii - Sporotrichosis Bacterial shape: "many shapes" - ANSWERPleomorphic What shape is strep - ANSWERLinear A cluster of bacteria - ANSWERStaph Comma shaped bacteria - ANSWERVibrio Bacterial virulence factor for B hemolytic strep that dissolves clots - ANSWERStreptokinase Bacterial virulence factor for staph that catalysts formation of fibrin from fibrinogen - ANSWERCoagulase Bacterial virulence factor for staph that breaks down RBCS - ANSWERHemolysin Bacterial virulence factor exotoxin for staph or strep that kills WBCs - ANSWERLeukocidin Bacterial virulence factor for staph, strep, or clostridia that breaks down tissue "cement" of hyaluronic acid and facilitates dissemination - ANSWERHyaluronidase Bacteria that grow at 15C or lower - ANSWERPsychophilic Bacteria that grow at 25-40C (optimal is 37C - human temp) - ANSWERMesophilic Type of bacteria that are killed by fever - ANSWERMesophilic Bacteria that grow at 45C or above - ANSWERThermophilic MCC of meningitis in newborns (2) - ANSWER1. E. Coli

2. Listeria MCC of meningitis in children (2) - ANSWER1. Strep pneumoniae
3. Neisseria meningitides

Which meningitis is the only that presents with a rash - ANSWERNeisseria meningitides MCC of meningitis in adults - ANSWERStrep pneumoniae Most lethal meningitis that causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis - ANSWERNaegleria fowleri Protozoa in food and water that causes amoebic dysentery (mild diarrhea). Cyst is infective - ANSWEREntamoeba histolytica - Amebiasis Protozoa that is in stream water and causes flatulence, poor absorption, mucousy diarrhea. Cyst is infective - ANSWERGiardia lamblia - Giardiasis (beaver fever) Protozoa spread by sandflies. Viscerotropic - ANSWERLeishmania donovani - Kala- Azar disease/Leishmaniasis Protozoa spread by female anopheles mosquito. Causes anemia and chronic splenomegaly - ANSWERPlasmodium vivax - Malaria MC form of malaria - ANSWERPlasmodium vivax What allele protects against malaria - ANSWERSickle cell allele Plasmodium vivax is injected as a _________ and spreads through the body as ________ - ANSWERInjected as a sporozoite Spreads through body as merozoites (pathogenic stage) Protozoa spread by anopheles mosquito and causes most fatal form of malaria. Black water fever (urinating oxidized blood) - ANSWERPlasmodium falciparum Protozoa in cat feces and uncooked meat that causes miscarriages - ANSWERToxoplasma gondii - Toxoplasmosis Protozoa spread by kissing reduviid bug that causes Chaga's disease - ANSWERTrypanosoma cruzi - Trypanosomiasis Protozoa spread by Tsetse fly that causes African sleeping sickness - ANSWERTrypanosoma gambiense- Trypanosomiasis Fungal virulence factor that attacks skin - ANSWERKeratinase Fungal virulence factor that attacks muscle - ANSWERProteinase Fungal virulence factor that attacks CT - ANSWERElastase

Fungal infection in nuts and grains that causes a fungus ball to grow in lungs. Aflatoxin causes primary liver cancer - ANSWERAspergillus fumigatus - Aspergillosis Endemic fungus on Eastern seaboard - ANSWERBlastomycosis Endemic fungus in SW deserts. San Joaquin valley fever - ANSWERCoccidiomycosis Endemic fungus in MI/OH valleys. Causes calcific lesions in lung similar to TB - ANSWERHistoplasmosis Fungal infection in pigeon droppings. MCC of death in AIDS - ANSWERPneumocystis carinii Fungal infection in rose bush thorns - ANSWERSporotherix schenckii - Sporotrichosis Common name for cutaneous mycoses - ANSWERRingworm/dermatophytoses Superficial fungal infection of skin - ANSWERCutaneous mycoses/ringworm/dermatophytoses How are cutaneous mycoses/ringworm diagnosed? (2) - ANSWER1. Woods lamp (UV light)

2. Skin scrapings tested in KOH Ringworm of beard - ANSWERTinea barbae Ringworm of scalp - ANSWERTinea capitis Ringworm of body - ANSWERTinea corporis Ringworm of groin - Jock itch - ANSWERTinea cruris Ringworm of foot - Athlete's foot - ANSWERTinea pedis Ringworm of nail - ANSWERTinea unguinum Rickettsial pox is caused by what pathogen - ANSWERRickettsia akari Which Rickettsia pathogen causes epidemic typhus (Bril-Zinsser's disease) - ANSWERRickettsia prowazeki Which Rickettsia pathogen causes trench fever - ANSWERRickettsia quintana Which Rickettsia pathogen causes Rocky Mountain spotted fever with a dermacenter andersoni rash - ANSWERRickettsia rickettsii

Which Rickettsia pathogen causes scrub typhus - ANSWERRickettsia tsutsugamushi Which Rickettsia pathogen causes murine typhus (endemic) - ANSWERRickettsia typhi/mooseri Which Rickettsia pathogen causes Q fever - ANSWERCoxiella burnetii Which Rickettsia pathogen is the only one that is Weil-Felix (-) - ANSWERCoxiella burnetii Which 2 Rickettsia pathogens are spread via mites? - ANSWERRickettsia akari Rickettsia tsutsugamushi Which 2 Rickettsia pathogens are spread via lice? - ANSWERRickettsia prowazeki Rickettsia quintana Which Rickettsia pathogen is spread via wood ticks? - ANSWERRickettsia rickettsii Which Rickettsia pathogen is spread via fleas? - ANSWERRickettsia typhi/mooseri Which Rickettsia pathogen is in milk? - ANSWERCoxiella burnetii Eukaryotes - ANSWER________________ = true nucleus, organelles. E.g human cells, Protozoa like Giardia and amoeba Prokaryotes - ANSWER______________ = no true nucleus, no organelles (e.g. No mitochondria) E.g. Bacteria Family and genus - ANSWERHow are organisms classified/organized? genus and species - ANSWERHow are oraganisms named? Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species - a way to organize organisms - ANSWERThe pneumonic "King Paul Can Only Find Good Spices" stands for what and means what? Gram positive - ANSWERGram positive or gram negative Shape of cell = cocci Family = micrococcaccae Genus = micrococcus, staphylococcus

Gram positive - ANSWERGram positive or gram negative Shape of cell = cocci Family = streptococcaccae Genus = streptococcus, enterococcus Gram positive - ANSWERGram positive or gram negative Shape of cell = bacilli Family = bacillaccae (spore formers) Genus = bacillus, clostridium-ANAEROBIC Gram positive - ANSWERGram positive or gram negative Shape of cell = bacilli Family = lactobacillacae Genus = lactobacillus Gram negative - ANSWERGram positive or gram negative Shape of cell = cocci Family = neisseriaccae Genus = neisseria Gram negative - ANSWERGram positive or Gram negative Shape of cell = bacilli Family = enterobacterioccae, vibrianaccae, spirillaccae, pseudomonadacceae, pasteurellaceae, bacteroidosceae Genus = eneterbacter, escherichia, klebsiella, proteus, salmonella, serratia, shigella, yersina, vibrio, campylobocter, pseudomonas, bacteroides=anaerobic Adenoviridae - ANSWERWhat is the virus family of the DNA human virus Adenovirus Papillomaviridae - ANSWERWhat is the virus family of the DNA human virus papillomavirus Herpesviridae - ANSWERWhat is the virus family of the DNA human virus' herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein Barr Virus? Poxviridae - ANSWERWhat is the virus family of the DNA human virus' smallpox, vaccinia virus, molluscum contagiosum virus? Hepadnaviridae - ANSWERWhat is the virus family for the DNA human virus hepatitis B? Paramyxoviridae - ANSWERWhat is the virus family for the RNA human viruses measles, mumps, respiratory syncytial virus?

Orthomyxoviridae - ANSWERWhat is the virus family for the RNA human viruses influenza virus A, B, and C? Rhabdoviridae - ANSWERWhat is the virus family of the RNA human virus rabies? Filoviridae - ANSWERWhat is the virus family of the RNA human viruses ebola and marburg virus? Picornaviridae - ANSWERWhat is the virus family of the RNA human viruses Rhinovirus, Poliovirus, ECHO virus, and coxsackie? Togaviridae - ANSWERWhat is the virus family of the RNA human viruses Rubella, Western and Eastern Equine encephalitis? Flaviviridae - ANSWERWhat is the virus family for the RNA human viruses Dengue virus, yellow fever, and St Louis Encephalitis? Caliciviridae - ANSWERWhat is the virus family of the RNA human virus Norwalk virus (causes gastroenteritis)? IgA - ANSWERWhich antibody is a secretory antibody, in mucous membranes (saliva, tears), and seen in breast milk? IgD - ANSWERWhich antibody helps IgG? IgE - ANSWERWhich antibody are seen in parasitic(worms) infections, allergic reactions, and increases in Hodgkin's disease (Reed-Sternberg cells)? IgG - ANSWERWhich antibody is first to increase in SECOND exposure, most numerous, only one that crosses the placenta, and has an anamnestic response? IgM - ANSWERWhich antibody is a pentameter (10 binding sites), is the largest and heaviest, and first to increase in FIRST exposure? I - ANSWERInterleukin ________ = lymphocyte activating factor, made by macrophages, and for brain and nervous tissue II - ANSWERInterleukin _______ = T-cell growth factor, made by CD4 cells, (CD4 = T- helper cell "quarterback of immune system" and directs response of immune system) III - ANSWERInterleukin ________ = made by big bone marrow and in blood and lymphatic system major histocompatibility complex (MHC) - ANSWER_______________________ act as a post on surface (self vs non-self), involved with tissue graft reflection and organ rejection.