Microbiology Fundamentals exam questions with verified answers latest updated 2024., Exams of Biology

Download Microbiology Fundamentals exam questions with verified answers latest updated 2024. and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

Microbiology Fundamentals exam questions with

verified answers latest updated 2024.

o Active Transport - Correct answer Nutrient transport method that requires carrier proteins in the membranes of the living cells and the expenditure of energy. o Antagonism - Correct answer Relationship in which microorganisms compete for survival in a common environment by taking actions that inhibit or destroy another organism. o Autotroph - Correct answer A microorganism that requires only inorganic nutrients and whose sole source of carbon is carbon dioxide. o Binary Fission - Correct answer The formation of two new cells of approximately equal size as the result of parent cell division. o Biofilms - Correct answer A complex association that arises from a mixture of microorganisms growing together on the surface of a habitat. o Chemotrophs - Correct answer Organism that oxidizes compounds to feed on nutrients. o Commensalism - Correct answer An unequal relationship in which one species derives benefit without harming the other. o Diffusion - Correct answer The dispersal of molecules, ions, or microscopic particles propelled down a concentration gradient by spontaneous random motion to achieve a uniform distribution. o Essential Nutrients - Correct answer Any ingredient such as a certain amino acid, fatty acid, vitamin, or mineral that cannot be formed by an organism and must be supplied in the diet. A growth factor. o Growth Curve - Correct answer A graphical representation of the change in population size over time. This graph has 4 periods known as lag phase, exponential or log phase, stationary phase, and death phase. o Halophiles - Correct answer A microbe whose growth is either stimulated by salt or requires a high concentration of salt for growth. o Heterotrophs - Correct answer An organism that relies upon organic compounds for its carbon and energy needs.

o Hypertonic - Correct answer Having a greater osmotic pressure than a reference solution. o Hypotonic - Correct answer Having a lower osmotic pressure than a reference solution. o Isotonic - Correct answer Two solutions having the same osmotic pressure such that, when separated by a semipermeable membrane, there is no net movement of solvent in either direction. o Mesophiles - Correct answer Microorganisms that grow at intermediate temperatures. o Mutualism - Correct answer Organisms living in an obligatory but mutually beneficial relationship. o Optimum Temperature - Correct answer The temperature at which a species shows the most rapid growth rate. o Osmosis - Correct answer The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane in the direction of lower water concentration. o Parasites - Correct answer An organism that lives on or within another organism (the host) from which it obtains nutrients and enjoys protection. The parasite produces some degree of harm in the host. o Parasitism - Correct answer A relationship between two organisms in which the host is harmed in some way while the colonizer benefits. o Passive Transport - Correct answer Nutrient transport method that follows basic physical laws and does not require direct energy input from the cell. o Phagocytosis - Correct answer A type of endocytosis in which the cell membrane actively engulfs large particles or cells into vesicles. o Phototrophs - Correct answer Microbes that use photosynthesis to feed. o Psychrophiles - Correct answer A microorganism that thrives at low temperature (0 C - 20 C), with a temperature optimum of 0C - 15C. o Quorum Sensing - Correct answer The ability of bacteria to regulate their gene expression in response to sensing bacterial density. o Saprobes - Correct answer A microbe that decomposes organic remains from dead organisms. Also known as a saprophyte or saprotroph.

o Symbiosis - Correct answer An intimate association between individuals from two species; used as a synonym for "mutualism." o Synergism - Correct answer The coordinated or correlated action by two or more drugs or microbes that results in a heightened response or greater activity. o Thermophiles - Correct answer A microorganism that thrives at a temperature of 50C or higher. o Turbid - Correct answer Cloudy appearance of nutrient solution in a test tube due to growth of microbe population.