Download Milady Esthetics State Board Exam Questions with Verified Solutions 2025 and more Exams Health sciences in PDF only on Docsity! Milady Esthetics State Board Exam Questions with Verified Solutions 2025 What does OSHA stand for? Occupational Safety and Health Administration was created by the US department of labor to regulate and enforce safety and health standards to protect employees in the work place... OSHA This regulates employee exposure to potentially toxic substances and inform employees about the possible hazards of materials used in the work place? occupational safety and health act of 1970 This requires that chemical manufacturers and importers assess and communicate the potential hazards associated with their products. hazard communication standard or hcs This contains information compiled by the manufacturer about product safety. Material Safety Data Sheet or Msds Registers all types of disinfectants sold and used in the United States. EPA What does EPA stand for? Environmental Protection Agency Chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses (but not spores) on surfaces. Disinfectants This is effective for cleaning blood and bodily fluids. Hospital Disinfectants This means that an item is made or constructed of a material that has no pores or openings and can not absorb liquid. Nonporous An abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or it's systems or organs, that makes the body incapable of carrying on normal function. Disease What was the bacteria that caused over 100 clients in one California salon to develop serious skin infection in there legs after receiving a pedicure. Microbacterium fortuitum The invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens. Infection The methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms. Infection control The four types of potentially harmful organisms? Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, Parasites This is caused by pathogenic organisms that enter the body. Infectious Disease A mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease causing germs from tool, implements and equipment. Cleaning The process of _____ destroys most, but not necessarily all, harmful organisms on environmental surfaces. (not effective against spores) Disinfecting Be sure to mix and use disinfectants according to what? the instructions on the label. One celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics. Bacteria Harmless organisms that may perform useful functions. Nonpathogenic These bacteria are harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body. Pathogenic Round shaped bacteria that appear singly (alone) or in groups. Cocci Pus forming bacteria that grows in clusters like a bunch of grapes. Staphylococci This bacteria causes abscesses, pustules, and boils. Staphylococci Pus forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads. Streptococci This bacteria causes strep throat and blood poisoning. Streptococci This bacteria is spherical and grows in pairs. Diplococci This bacteria causes pneumonia. Diplococci Short rod-shaped bacteria Folliculitis Tinea versicolor also known as... sun spots Name 5 ways a pathogenic bacteria, virus or fungi can enter the body? Broken skin, mouth, nose, eyes or ears, unprotected sex. Contagious skin disease caused by an itch mite that burrows under the skin. Scabies The ability of the body to destroy and resist infections. Immunity What is involved with Decontamination Method 1? clean then disinfect What is involved with Decontamination Method 2? cleaning then sterilizing List the levels of decontamination from lowest to highest. cleaning, disinfecting, sterilization. This is used in the destruction of all microbes through heat and pressure. autoclave Any disinfectants used in the salon or spa should carry an _____. EPA registration number The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores. Sterilization What does CDC stand for? Centers for Disease Control and Prevention The ability to produce effect. Efficacy Bleach should be diluted to a ___ percent solution. 10 The number of organisms in or on an object or surface before decontamination or sterilization. Bioburden The ideal disinfectant would have what? inexpensive, nontoxic, include strips for efficacy, readily available by manufacturers, EPA approved, environmentally friendly, no odor, noncorrosive. What does quats stand for? Quaternary ammonium compound What are quaternary ammonium compounds? disinfects that are very effective if used properly. disinfectant that is also a down of formaldehyde. Phenolic Detergents that break down stubborn films and remove the residue of products such as scrubs, salts, and masks. Chelating soaps Germicides formulated for use on skin? antiseptic Using this system, workers evaluated each client care situation and applied gloves if there is a risk of contact with visible blood. Universal Precautions assuming that all blood and body fluids are a source of infection. standard precautions Most common method for spending infection. through the hands contact with broken skin, blood or body fluids, or the infectious material. exposure incident shows no symptoms or signs of infection. asymptomatic minor burn affecting only the epidermis first degree burn that affects the top two layers, the epidermis and dermis second degree burn that affects all layers of the skin and will blister, swell and scar third degree burns that have injuries the muscle, ligaments, tendons, nerves, blood vessels, and bone. fourth degree soap is most easily rinsed off with ____water. warm, not hot study of the structures of the human body. anatomy study of the functions and activities performed by the body's structures. physiology study of the tiny structures found in living tissue. microscopic histology basic unit of all living things. cells located in a cell; a colorless, jelly like substance in which food elements such as protein, fats and carbs and water are present. protoplasm 3 main organelles (tiny organs) in a cell nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell. nucleus what is the fluid within the nucleus that contains proteins, and DNA nucleoplasm What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonucleic acid all the protoplasm of a cell except that found in the nucleus. cytoplasm the part of the cell that encloses the protoplasm and permits soluble substances to enter and leave. cell membrane process of cell reproduction in living tissue that occurs when the cell divides into 2 identical daughter cells. mitosis what two small structures near the nucleus move to each side during mitosis to help divide the cell. Centrioles name the 5 favorable conditions for cell reproduction. food, water, oxygen, suitable temperature, and ability to eliminate waste name 3 unfavorable conditions for cell reproduction. toxins, disease, and injury name the 5 phases for mitosis in order. interphase (resting), prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and back to interphase a chemical process that takes place in living organisms where the cells are nourished and carry out activities. metabolism metabolisms two phases anabolism and catabolism constructive metabolism, process of building up larger molecules from smaller. this process stores water, food and oxygen for when you need it. anabolism this phase in which complex compounds within the cells are broken down in to smaller ones. releases story energy. catabolism maxillary bones forms the lower jaw bone, largest and strongest bone of the face mandible thin layers of spongy bone on either of the outer walls of the nasal depression. turbinal bones flat, thin none that forms part of the nasal septum vomer bone bones that form the hard palate of the mouth. palatine bones U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue. hyoid bone the seven bones of the top of the vertebral column located in the neck region. cervical vertebrae the chest or pulmonary trunk consisting of the sternum, ribs, and thoracic vertebrae. thorax twelve pairs of bones forming the wall of the thorax ribs aka the shoulder blade. the large, flat, triangular none of the shoulder. scapula aka the breastbone. the flat none that forms the ventral (front) support of the ribs sternum aka the collar bone, the bone that joins the sternum and the scapula clavicle uppermost WTF largest bone of the arm. elbow to shoulder humerus inner most and larger of the forearm, attached at the wrist on the side of the pinky. ulna smaller bone in the forearm on the side with the thumb. radius bones of the wrist carpals bones of the palm metacarpals bones of the fingers aka digits phalanges how many muscles in the body over 630 study of the nature, structure, function, and disease of muscles Myology covers, shapes, and supports the skeletal tissue muscular system what percentage of the body is muscle? 40 how many facial muscles? 30 aka skeletal or voluntary muscles. muscles that are attached to none and move by will. striated muscles aka involuntary or visceral or smooth, muscles functions automatically. nonstriated muscles involuntary muscles that make up the heart. cardiac muscle 3 parts of the muscle and describe them. origin-closest to the skeleton belly-middle insertion-farthest from the skeleton pressure in massage is in what direction? insertion to origin aka the occipitofrontalis. is a broad muscle that covers the top of the scalp epicranius back of epicranius occipitalis front part of the epicranius frontalis a tendon that connects the occipitalis and the frontalis epicranial aponeurosis muscles above the ear that draws the ear upward auricularis superior muscles in the front of the ear that draws the ear forward. auricularis anterior muscle that behind the ear that draws the ear backwards. auricularis posterior these 4 muscles of mastication aka chewing muscles Masseter, temporalis, medial Pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid. Broad muscle extending from the chest and shoulder to the chin? it is responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip. platysma muscle extending along the side of the neck from ear to collarbone. sternocleidomastoid muscle located beneath the frontalis and orbicularis oculi, it draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically corrugator the ring muscle of the eye socket; it closes the eye orbicularis oculi lowers the eyebrows and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose. procerus two part muscle which covers the nose that includes the traverse part and the alar part. which flairs your nostrils nasalis thin flat muscle of the cheeks between the upper and lower jaw buccinator aka the triangularis muscle. the muscle extending alongside the chin that pulls down the corners of the mouth depressor anguli oris aka quadratus labii inferioris. muscle surrounding the lower lip that depress it and draws it to one side depressor labii inferioris aka caninus, muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward. levator anguli oris aka quadratus labii superioris, muscle that elevates the lip and dilates the nostrils levator labii superioris muscles that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin on the chin. mentalis muscle that is a flat band around the upper and lower lips that compresses, contracts, pucker. and wrinkles the lips orbicularis oris muscle that draws the corner of the mouth out and back as in grinning. risorius muscles extending from the zygomatic bone to the angle of the mouth that elevates the lip, as in laughing. zygomaticus major and minor hypothalamus connects the spinal cord to the brain brain stem brain stem consists of 3 parts midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata this is involved in regulating such vitals functions as breathing, heartbeat, and blood pressure brain stem continuation of the brain stem and originates in the brain, extends down to the lower extremity of the trunk, and is protected by the spinal column. spinal cord primary structural unit of the nervous system. neuron nerve fibers extending from the nerve cell that receives impulses from other neurons. dendrites sends impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, glands, or muscles. axon afferent nerves, carry impulse messages from the sense organs to the brain. touch, cold, heat, sight, hearing, taste, smell, pain, and pressure. sensory nerves efferent nerves, carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands. produces movement. motor nerves automatic nerve reaction to a stimulus a reflex how many pairs of cranial nerves are there? 12 estheticians are primarily concerned with which cranial nerves. 5,7,11 largest cranial nerves, aka fifth, trifacial this nerve affects the skin of the forehead, upper eyelid, and interior portion of the scalp, orbit, eyeball and nasal passages. Ophthalmic nerve nerve that affects the muscles of the chin and lower lip mandibular nerve nerve that affects the upper part of the face. maxillary nerve nerve that affects the external ear and skin of the temples,up to the top of the skull auriculotemporal nerve nerve that affects the membrane and skin of the nose. infratrochlear nerve nerve that affects the skin of the lower eye lid, side of nose, upper lip, and mouth. infraorbital nerve nerves that affect the skin of the lower lip and chin mental nerves nerve that affects pint and lower side of the nose nasal nerve nerve that affects the skin of the forehead, scalp, eyebrow, and upper eye lid. supraorbital nerve nerve that affects the skin, between the eyes and upper side of the nose supratrochlear nerve this nerve affects the upper part of the cheeks zygomatic nerves aka the facial nerves, is the chief motor nerve of the face. seventh cranial nerve this nerve affects the muscles of the mouth buccal nerve this nerve affects the side of the neck and the platysma muscle. cervical nerves this nerve affects the muscles behind the ear at the base of the skull posterior auricular nerve this nerve affects the muscles of the temple, side of the forehead, eyebrow, eyelid, and upper part of the cheek temporal nerve accessory nerve, motor nerve that controls the motion of the neck and shoulder muscles eleventh cranial nerve this nerve is located at the side of the neck, affects the front and sides of the neck as far down as the breast bone. cervical cutaneous nerve this nerve is located at the side of side of the neck, affects the face, ears, neck, and parotid gland greater auricular nerve this nerve is located at the back of the head, affects the scalp as far as the top of the head. greater occipital nerve this nerve is located at the case of the skull, affects the scalp and muscles behind the ear. smaller occipital nerve sensory motor nerve that supplies the fingers. digital nerves sensory motor nerve that supplies the thumb side of the Armand back of the hand. radial nerve smaller sensory motor nerve than the ulnar and radial nerve, supplies the arm and hand median nerve sensory motor nerve that affects the little finger side of the arm and palm of the hand. ulnar nerve aka the cardiovascular system, control the steady circulation of the blood through the body by means of the heart, and blood vessels. circulatory system often referred to the bodies pump heart muscular cone shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system heart membrane that encloses the heart pericardium the heat weighs how much? 9 ounces heartbeat is regulated by vagus nerve or tenth cranial nerve normal resting heart beat 72 to 80 beats per minute heart contains how many chambers and valves 4 and 4 upper left and right chambers of the heart atrium lower left and right chambers of the heart ventricles between the chambers allow the blood to flow in one direction valves sends the blood from the heart to the lungs to be oxygenated pulmonary circulation carries the oxygenated blood from then heart through out the body and to the heart again. systemic or general circulation flow of into the heart that's at the _____atrium and ends at the _____atrium right, left branch of chemistry dealing with compounds that do not contain the element carbon but may contain the element hydrogen. substances that were never alive inorganic chemistry metal, minerals, glass, pure water, and air are examples of inorganic chemistry a complex iron protein that gives the blood it's bright red color hemoglobin any substance that occupies space and mass. matter cells function is to destroying disease causing germs white blood cells all matte are in what 3 forms? solid, liquid, gas. aka thrombocytes platelets simplify form of chemical matter element small than red blood cells, contribute to the blood clotting process. platelets fluid part of blood in which the red and white blood cells and platelets flow plasma how many naturally occurring elements are there? 90 plasma is what percent of water? 90 percent elements are identified by what letter symbols particles from which all matter is composed atom plasma contains water and what other 3 things? protein, sugars, and oxygen what is plasmas main function. carry food and secretions to the cells and to take carbon dioxide away from the cells what are the charges for protons, neutrons, and electrons. positive, neutral, negative formed by joining two or more atoms chemically molecule main source of blood supply to the head, face, and neck. common carotid arteries supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose and internal ear. internal carotid artery contains two or more atoms of the same element. elemental molecule contains two or more atoms of different elements. compound element supplies blood to the anterior or front parts of the scalp, ear, face, neck and sides of the head. external carotid artery colorless, odorless, tasteless have hydrogen vital factor of the circulatory and immune system and is made up of lymph, lymph nodes and thymus gland, spleen, and lymph vessels that act to aid the blood system. lymphatic or immune system the most abundant element on earth oxygen this system protects the body from disease by developing immunities and destroying disease causing microorganisms. lymphatic or immune system colorless,gaseous element. nitrogen a colorless, watery fluid derived from the blood plasma as a result of filtration through the capillary walls into the tissue space lymph consists of 1 part oxygen. and 4 parts nitrogen air blood plasma found between the the tissue cells. interstitial fluid most common ingredient in cosmetics water lymphatic vessels are filtered by ____ which are gland like structures found inside the vessel. lymph nodes group of specialized glands that affect the growth, development, sexual activity, and health of the entire body. endocrine system what percentage of the human body is water? 65 percent specialized organs that remove certain elements of the body to convert them into did deny compounds. glands colorless liquid with slightly acidic taste hydrogen peroxide who invented the ph scale and when? Danish biochemist Soren Sorensen 1909 2 main types of glands endocrine ductless and exocrine duct What does pH stand for? quantity of hydrogen ions this stimulates the functional activity or secretion in other parts of the body. insulin, adrenaline, estrogen hormones an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge. ion plays a major role in the sexual development, sleep and metabolism pineal gland causes an atom or a molecule to split into two, creating a pair of ions with opposite electrical charge. ionization most complex organ in the endocrine system. pituitary gland ion with a negative electrical charge. anion this gland affects almost every physiologic process of the body. growth, blood pressure, contractions during birth, breast milk production, sexual organ functions, thyroid gland functions, conversion of food to energy (metabolism) pituitary gland ion with a positive charge electrical charge cation controls how quickly the body burns energy (metabolism) ,makes proteins, and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones. thyroid only products that contain ____ can have a ph water