MILADY NAIL TECHNOLOGY FINAL EXAM REVIEW {300 QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS} (2024, Exams of Nursing

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MILADY NAIL TECHNOLOGY FINAL EXAM

REVIEW {300 QUESTIONS WITH 100%

CORRECT ANSWERS} (2024-2025) (VERIFIED BY

EXPERT) LATEST UPDATE 2025

Was created as part of the US Department of labor to protect employees in the work place - CORRECT ANSWER>>OSHA Registers many different types of disinfectants that are sold and used in the US - CORRECT ANSWER>>EPA A microscopic organism that normally exists in low concentrations in tap water - CORRECT ANSWER>>Mycobacterium Fortuitum Written by both the federal and state legislatures that determine the scope of practice. Also called "statutes". - CORRECT ANSWER>>Laws More specific than laws; written by a regulatory agency or state board and determine how the law will be applied. - CORRECT ANSWER>>Rules or regulations The invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens. - CORRECT ANSWER>>Infection One celled microorganisms - CORRECT ANSWER>>Bacteria Round-shaped bacteria that appear singly or in groups - CORRECT ANSWER>>Cocci Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters; they cause abscesses, pustules, and boils; among the most common human bacteria and are normally carried by about 1/3 of the population - CORRECT ANSWER>>Staphylococci Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads; cause infections such as strep throat - CORRECT ANSWER>>Streptococci Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia - CORRECT ANSWER>>Diplococci

Short, rod-shaped bacteria. They are the most common bacteria; can cause tetanus, typhoid fever, tuberculosis and diphtheria. - CORRECT ANSWER>>Bacilli Spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria; can cause syphilis, or lime disease - CORRECT ANSWER>>Spirilla The life cycle of bacteria - CORRECT ANSWER>>Active stage, inactive or spore forming stage Two types of hepatitis that are of concern within the salon - CORRECT ANSWER>>Hepatitis B & C EPA-registered disinfectants must have ________ ; it is the effectiveness with which a disinfecting solution kills specific organisms when used according to the label instructions - CORRECT ANSWER>>Efficacy Claims Process in which cells are nourished and carry out their activities - CORRECT ANSWER>>Metabolism "Constructive metabolism"; process of combining smaller molecules to build larger and more complex molecules - CORRECT ANSWER>>Anabolism Process in which larger, more complex molecules are broken down within the cells to create smaller, simpler molecules - CORRECT ANSWER>>Catabolism Collection of similar cells that performs a specialized function - CORRECT ANSWER>>Tissue Fibrous tissue that binds, protects and supports the various parts of the body - CORRECT ANSWER>>Connective Tissue Protective covering on body surfaces; skin, mucous membranes, etc - CORRECT ANSWER>>Epithelial tissue Affects the growth, development, sexual functions, and health of the entire body - CORRECT ANSWER>>Endocrine system Serves as a protective covering and helps regulate the body's temperature; skin - CORRECT ANSWER>>Integumentary system Largest bone of the arm - CORRECT ANSWER>>Humerus

Longest bone of the forearm, located on the little-finger side of the wrist - CORRECT ANSWER>>Ulna Shorter bone of the forearm, located at the thumb side of the wrist - CORRECT ANSWER>>Radius The wrist; composed of 8 small bones - CORRECT ANSWER>>Carpus 5 bones of the palm; - CORRECT ANSWER>>Metacarpus 14 bones of the fingers or toes (digits) - CORRECT ANSWER>>Phalanges Largest bone of the leg - CORRECT ANSWER>>Femur Larger of the lower leg bones, visualized as a bump on the big toe side of the ankle - CORRECT ANSWER>>Tibia Smaller of the lower leg bones, visualized as a bump on the little toe side of the ankle - CORRECT ANSWER>>Fibula Accessory bone, or knee-cap - CORRECT ANSWER>>Patella Ankle bone - CORRECT ANSWER>>Tallus Study of muscles - CORRECT ANSWER>>Myology Skeletal muscles, voluntarily controlled - CORRECT ANSWER>>Striated muscles Smooth muscles, involuntary - CORRECT ANSWER>>Nonstriated Muscles Part of the muscle that does not move - CORRECT ANSWER>>Origin More movable part of the muscle - CORRECT ANSWER>>Insertion Carry impulses from the sense organ to the brain - CORRECT ANSWER>>Afferent nerves Carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands - CORRECT ANSWER>>Efferent nerves

Upper left and right of the heart - CORRECT ANSWER>>Atrium Lower left and right of the heart - CORRECT ANSWER>>Ventrical Contribute to the blood clotting process - CORRECT ANSWER>>Platelets Carries food and other useful substances to cells and removes carbon dioxide - CORRECT ANSWER>>Plasma Release hormones into the bloodstream - CORRECT ANSWER>>Endocrine glands Produce sweat and oil to secret from glands - CORRECT ANSWER>>Exocrine glands Outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis - CORRECT ANSWER>>Papillary layer Deeper layer of the dermis - CORRECT ANSWER>>Reticular layer Sweat glands - CORRECT ANSWER>>Sudoriferous glands Oil glands - CORRECT ANSWER>>Sebaceous glands Any deformity or disease of the nails - CORRECT ANSWER>>Onychosis WHO INVENTED THE FRENCH MANICURE? - CORRECT ANSWER>>Jeff PINK HOW LONG DOES EQUIPMENT GO INTO DISENFECTANT SOLUTION? - CORRECT ANSWER>> minutes WHATS ONE ORGAN THE EPITHELIAL TISSUE LINES? - CORRECT ANSWER>>The respiratory organs WHAT IS CATABOLISM? - CORRECT ANSWER>>the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones, together with the release of energy; destructive metabolism. HOW MANY PROCESSES DOES METABOLISM HAVE? - CORRECT ANSWER>>2, Catabolism & Anabolism WHAT PERCENT OF BLOOD IS WATER? - CORRECT ANSWER>>83% WHAT PERCENT OF MUSCLE IS WATER? - CORRECT ANSWER>>75%

WHAT DOES CONNECTIVE TISSUE DO? - CORRECT ANSWER>>Binds, protects, & supports WHAT DOES EPITHELIAL TISSUE DO? - CORRECT ANSWER>>cover, line, and protect the body and its internal organs ULNA - CORRECT ANSWER>>larger bone of the lower arm CARPUS - CORRECT ANSWER>>wrist METACARPUS - CORRECT ANSWER>>wrist & fingers HOW MANY BONES ARE IN THE FEET? - CORRECT ANSWER>> WHAT ARE THE BONES OF THE FEET? - CORRECT ANSWER>>tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges MYOLOGY - CORRECT ANSWER>>study of muscles NONSTRIATED MUSCLES - CORRECT ANSWER>>involuntary muscles WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE MUSCLE? - CORRECT ANSWER>>Origin, belly, insertion LATIMUSS - CORRECT ANSWER>>Covers the back TRAPEZIUS - CORRECT ANSWER>>middle back controls Trapez Flexors - CORRECT ANSWER>>Bend the wrist Pronators - CORRECT ANSWER>>in & down SUPINATOR - CORRECT ANSWER>>radius outwards & palm upwards ADDUCTORS - CORRECT ANSWER>>bring fingers together EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS - CORRECT ANSWER>>bends foot & extend toes TIBIALIAS ANTERIOR - CORRECT ANSWER>>covers the shin

PERONEUS LONGUS - CORRECT ANSWER>>outside calf, inverts foot & turns it outward PERONEUS BREVIS - CORRECT ANSWER>>Muscle that originates on the lower surface of the fibula. It bends the foot down and out. GASTROCNEMIUS - CORRECT ANSWER>>Attached to lower rear surface of the heel and pulls the foot down. SOLEUS - CORRECT ANSWER>>The upper portion of fibula DIGITORUM BREVIS - CORRECT ANSWER>>Moves toes and helps maintain balance while walking ABDUCTOR HALLUCIS - CORRECT ANSWER>>moves the toes and helps maintain balance while walking and standing MOTOR NERVES/EFFERENT - CORRECT ANSWER>>sends impulses to the brain, muscles, or glands AFFERENT NERVES - CORRECT ANSWER>>Also called sensory nerves; nerves that carry information about the external environment to the brain and spinal cord via sensory receptors. HOW MANY NERVE ENDINGS ARE THERE? - CORRECT ANSWER>>more than 100 billion WHAT DOES LANGERHANS CELLS PRODUCE? - CORRECT ANSWER>>insulin & glucagon HOW MANY NERVES COME FROM THE SPINAL CORD? - CORRECT ANSWER>> WHAT IS NOT A PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE SKELETAL SYSTEM? - CORRECT ANSWER>>Controlling the body WHAT SEPARATES THE THORAX FROM THE ABDOMINAL REGION? - CORRECT ANSWER>>Diaphragm WHAT DOES THE PINEAL GLAND DO? - CORRECT ANSWER>>plays a major role in sexual development, sleep, and metabolism. WHAT SHAPE IS THE APEX? - CORRECT ANSWER>>oval

WHY SHOULD YOU CHECK NAIL PRIMER DAILY? - CORRECT ANSWER>>To see if it is contaminated WHAT IS NOT A RESULT OF SPECIAL ADDITIVES IN ACRYLIC? - CORRECT ANSWER>>maximum durability WHAT PERCENTAGE OF A C CURVE IS AVERAGE? - CORRECT ANSWER>>35% WHERE IS AN INITATIOR FOUND? - CORRECT ANSWER>>in polymer powder WHAT ARE THE BEST KIND OF BRUSHES? - CORRECT ANSWER>>natural Kolinsky, sable, or a blend of both WHAT IS NOT A COMMON TYPE OF MONOMER LIQUID? - CORRECT ANSWER>>ethyl ethacrylate WHAT FINGER SHOULD YOU START WITH? - CORRECT ANSWER>>begin on the little finger of the left hand WHAT ARE THE ORIGINAL GELS? - CORRECT ANSWER>>hard uv gels WHAT ARE URETHANES? - CORRECT ANSWER>>high abrasion resistance & high durability WHAT GELS ARE THICKER? - CORRECT ANSWER>>opaque pigmented gels WHAT IS NOT A CHARACTERISTIC OF UV GELS? - CORRECT ANSWER>>easy product flow WHAT DOES INTENSITY MEAN? - CORRECT ANSWER>>the amount of UV light produced by a lamp WHAT CAN TOO LITTLE CURING RESULT IN? - CORRECT ANSWER>>skin sensitivity TERITARY COLORS - CORRECT ANSWER>>Created by mixing a primary color with a neighboring secondary color ANALOGOUS COLORS - CORRECT ANSWER>>colors that are next to each other on the color wheel NEVUS - CORRECT ANSWER>>mole, doesn't have to be referred to physician

WHAT IS THE LIVING LAYER OF THE SKIN? - CORRECT ANSWER>>Basal Cell layer/ Stratum Germinativum CRUST - CORRECT ANSWER>>dead cells form over a wound or blemish MILKY WHITE SPOTS - CORRECT ANSWER>>vitiligo TECHNICAL TERM FOR FRECKLES - CORRECT ANSWER>>Lentigines YELLOW OR BROWN SPOTS EXPOSED TO SUNLIGHT - CORRECT ANSWER>>lentigines WHAT VITAMIN ALLOWS THE BODY TO ABSORB & USE CALCIUM? - CORRECT ANSWER>>vitamin D SCALES - CORRECT ANSWER>>thin plates of epidermal flakes WHICH DISEASE IS CHARACTERIZED BY ACUTE INFLAMMATORY DISORDER OF THE SWEAT GLANDS? - CORRECT ANSWER>>Milaria Rubia OUTER LAYER OF THE DERMIS - CORRECT ANSWER>>papillary layer WHAT DO SECRETORY NERVES DO? - CORRECT ANSWER>>regulate the excretion of perspiration from sweat glands WHAT LAYER ARE PAPILLAE NOT FOUND IN? - CORRECT ANSWER>>Reticular layer WHICH VITAMIN SPEEDS UP THE HEALING PROCESS & PROMOTES PRODUCTION OF COLLAGEN?

• CORRECT ANSWER>>vitamin C HOW MANY PINTS OF LIQUID ARE ELIMINATED DAILY THROUGH SWEAT PORES? - CORRECT ANSWER>>1 to 2 pints WHERE ARE SEBACEOUS GLANDS NOT FOUND? - CORRECT ANSWER>>soles or palms HYPERTROPHY - CORRECT ANSWER>>abnormal skin growth WHICH TYPE OF ENERGY CAUSES SUNBURN? - CORRECT ANSWER>>UVB energy

WHAT DOES POISION IVY PRODUCE? - CORRECT ANSWER>>vesicles WHAT IS THE THINNEST LAYER OF SKIN? - CORRECT ANSWER>>epidermis WHAT COLOR IS EUMELANIN? - CORRECT ANSWER>>brown to black WHAT ARE COLLAGEN FIBERS INTERWOVEN WITH? - CORRECT ANSWER>>elastin WHAT PERCENTAGE OF BODY WEIGHT IS WATER? - CORRECT ANSWER>>60% HOW MANY CUPS OF WATER A DAY SHOULD MEN DRINK? - CORRECT ANSWER>>12 cups UVB CONTRIBUTES TO THE ABSORPTION OF WHAT VITAMIN? - CORRECT ANSWER>>D WHAT UV PENETRATES DEEPER THAN VISIBLE LIGHT? - CORRECT ANSWER>>UVA BULLA - CORRECT ANSWER>>large blister containing watery fluid HEMATOMA - CORRECT ANSWER>>collection of blood trapped underneath the nail STATUTE - CORRECT ANSWER>>law HOW IS COCCI TRANSFERRED? - CORRECT ANSWER>>through air WHAT DOES PUS CONTAIN? - CORRECT ANSWER>>White blood cells, bacteria, and dead cells. HOW ARE STAPHYLOCOCCI SPREAD? - CORRECT ANSWER>>skin to skin contact HAVE A HIGH PH - CORRECT ANSWER>>Phenolics INFECTION - CORRECT ANSWER>>refers to a pathogen invading body tissues BLEACH MUST CONTAIN HOW MUCH SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE? - CORRECT ANSWER>>5% CHELATIN AGENTS ARE USED WITH? - CORRECT ANSWER>>tap water CLEANING - CORRECT ANSWER>>removing all visible signs of debris and dirt

NEW CELLS ARE PRODUCED EVERY _____ DURING BINARY FISSION? - CORRECT ANSWER>>

to 60 minutes GERMS - CORRECT ANSWER>>Nonscientific synonym for disease-producing organisms HOW IS ENERGY CARRIED THROUGH SPACE? - CORRECT ANSWER>>on waves WHEN DID THE FIRST DAY SPA BUSINESS START? - CORRECT ANSWER>>in the 90's TRADITIONAL CARBIDES MUST BE USED IN WHAT DIRECTION? - CORRECT ANSWER>>left to right WHAT COLOR OF TERRY CLOTHES SHOULD BE USED IN A SERVICE? - CORRECT ANSWER>>white WHAT IS NOT AN EFFECTIVE HUMAN RELATIONS SKILL? - CORRECT ANSWER>>building personal relationships IF MANAGING PEOPLE DOESN'T COME EASY TO YOU - CORRECT ANSWER>>research and learn how to manage WHEN DOES NAIL GROWTH TEND TO INCREASE DURING PREGNANCY? - CORRECT ANSWER>>the last trimester WHAT VOLTAGE IS A CLOTHES DRYER PLUGGED INTO? - CORRECT ANSWER>>220 volt WHAT ANGLE SHOULD YOU HOLD A NAIL POLISH BRUSH AT? - CORRECT ANSWER>>30 to 35 degrees WHO DOESN'T HAVE A LUNULA? - CORRECT ANSWER>>everyone has a lunula WHAT ARE NO LIGHT GELS MOSTLY USED FOR? - CORRECT ANSWER>>at home nails WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR RESULTS-ORIENTED SPA MANICURES? - CORRECT ANSWER>>treatment manicures WHAT IS THE DETERMINING FACTOR IF SOMETIHNG IS A SOLID, LIQUID, GAS, OR PLASMA? - CORRECT ANSWER>>temperature

A SPOTTER BRUSH IS - CORRECT ANSWER>>Round brush with a pointed tip and short bristles, used for detailed work PEOPLE WHO ARE ANXIOUS ARE - CORRECT ANSWER>>insecure UV RADIATION CONTAINS MORE ENERGY THAN - CORRECT ANSWER>>visible light IF YOU DISCUSS A PRODUCT WITH A CLIENT AT THE END OF THE SERVICE WHAT SHOULD YOU DO? - CORRECT ANSWER>>place it in their hands PLASMA - CORRECT ANSWER>>the fluid part of the blood PINEAL GLANDS - CORRECT ANSWER>>sexual development, sleep, and metabolism THE MATRIX CONTAINS - CORRECT ANSWER>>blood vessels MELANONYCHIA - CORRECT ANSWER>>can be indicative of a disease condition in Caucasians WHAT WERE MASKS MADE OF IN THE VICTORIAN AGE? - CORRECT ANSWER>>honey, eggs, milk, oatmeal, fruits, vegetables, and other natural ingredients WHAT BIT PRODUCES VERY LITTLE AIRBORNE DUST? - CORRECT ANSWER>>carbide bits DURING FOOT MASSAGE WHERE SHOULD YOU HOLD ONTO THE FOOT? - CORRECT ANSWER>>mid-tarsal area HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE FOR A TOENAIL TO FULLY REGROW? - CORRECT ANSWER>>9 to 12 months YOU CAN PRACTICE ETHICS BY? - CORRECT ANSWER>>continuing your education HOW OFTEN SHOULD YOU APPLY CUTICLE OIL FOR ONYCHORRHEXIS? - CORRECT ANSWER>>twice a day WHAT ORGAN EXCRETE WATER AND WASTE PRODUCTS? - CORRECT ANSWER>>kidneys HOW IS PRESSURE IN A MASSAGE USUALLY DIRECTED? - CORRECT ANSWER>>from insertion to the origin and moving toward the belly of the muscle

INDEPEDENT SALONS HAVE AROUND HOW MANY SALONS? - CORRECT ANSWER>>5 or more HOW MANY RPMS DO ELECTRIC FILES RUN ON? - CORRECT ANSWER>>5,000 to 20, WHAT ARE THE WEAKEST WRAPS? - CORRECT ANSWER>>fiberglass wraps PRACTICING GOOD LIFE SKILLS? - CORRECT ANSWER>>makes you feel good about yourself WHAT DOES THE GROUND CONNECTION DO? - CORRECT ANSWER>>completes the circuit and carries the current safely away to the ground ESSENTIAL OILS ARE MADE FROM? - CORRECT ANSWER>>seeds, bark, roots, leaves, wood, and resin HOW MANY PHALANGES ARE IN THE BIG TOE? - CORRECT ANSWER>> WHAT MASSAGE IS KNOWN AS KNEADING? - CORRECT ANSWER>>petrissage CUTICLE TISSUE IS? - CORRECT ANSWER>>sticky HOW MANY LAYERS OF CELLS ARE THERE IN NAILS? - CORRECT ANSWER>> FUNGI ARE ALSO KNOWN AS - CORRECT ANSWER>>parasites WHEN YOU FIRST VISIT A SALON IT IS RECOMMENDED YOU BRING? - CORRECT ANSWER>>a checklist A CATION IS AN ION THAT - CORRECT ANSWER>>has a positive electrical charge MRSA HAS HISTORICALLY OCCURED MOST FREQUENTLY AMONG PERSONS WITH WEAKENED IMMUNE SYSTEMS OR THOSE? - CORRECT ANSWER>>who have undergone medical procedures WHAT IS THE MOST SERIOUS FORM OF SKIN CANCER? - CORRECT ANSWER>>malignant melanoma

If you are not sure whether you need to change your portfolio to make it more accurately portray you and your career skills, it is recommended that you ask: - CORRECT ANSWER>>a neutral party NAIL PYTERYGUIM IS USUALLY CAUSED BY - CORRECT ANSWER>>a serious injury such as a burn NO LIGHT GELS - CORRECT ANSWER>>can be used with a spray-on activator. When performing the monomer liquid and polymer powder application, the product applied to the sidewall and _____ must be thin for a natural-looking nail. - CORRECT ANSWER>>free edge HOW LONG SHOULD A CLIENT VISIT THE SALON FOR WEEKLY CALLUS REDUCTION TREATMENTS? - CORRECT ANSWER>>4 to 6 weeks DURING THE CHOU DYNASTY, WHICH NAIL COLORS WERE RESERVED FOR THE ROYAL FAMILY? - CORRECT ANSWER>>silver A STANDARD FLASHLIGHT RUNS ON - CORRECT ANSWER>>direct current Which muscle moves the great toe and helps maintain balance while walking and standing? - CORRECT ANSWER>>abductor hallucis WHERE ARE RED BLOOD CELLS PRODUCED? - CORRECT ANSWER>>the red bone marrow THE PERONEUS BREVIS - CORRECT ANSWER>>bends the foot down and out When the head of one monomer reacts with the tail of another, it creates a long chain of monomers attached head to tail known as a ____ polymer chain. - CORRECT ANSWER>>simple Which term refers to the tightness of the inside of the shank where the bit fits into the hand piece? - CORRECT ANSWER>>tolerance An independent salon may have as many as ___ nail techs working there regularly. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1 0 Clients should be encouraged to schedule regular pedicure appointments every: - CORRECT ANSWER>>month

Methyl methacrylate monomer (MMA): - CORRECT ANSWER>>is a safe substance If your client often returns to the salon with her enhancements broken, it is recommended that you use: - CORRECT ANSWER>>a uv gel that uses fiberglass Your physical presentation includes your posture, gait, and - CORRECT ANSWER>>movements A ____ is a written summary of a person's education and work experience - CORRECT ANSWER>>resume Salon management should be _______ to the staff and clients. - CORRECT ANSWER>>loyal Normally, about ____ of liquids containing salts are eliminated daily through sweat pores in the skin. - CORRECT ANSWER>>1 to 2 pints What are pedicure slippers typically made of? - CORRECT ANSWER>>Paper or foam It is believed that personal beauty was practiced in some form as early as: - CORRECT ANSWER>>the dawn of history What is the mix ratio for a wet bead? - CORRECT ANSWER>>2 parts monomer liquid and 1 part polymer powder Initiators do which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER>>add energy to a monomer When graduating grits, you should graduate from: - CORRECT ANSWER>>coarser to finer Filing for ______ status with the IRS allows a business to be taxed like a sole proprietorship or partnership. - CORRECT ANSWER>>S corporation Which type of nerves carry impulses from the brain to the muscles? - CORRECT ANSWER>>motor nerves When performing a two-color UV or LED gel application, what do you do next after removing the inhibition layer from the last layer of the second gel? - CORRECT ANSWER>>check the fingernail contours

It is recommended that you set your electric file to ____ for surface work. - CORRECT ANSWER>>fast The long, slender cuts or grooves found on a carbide bit are called: - CORRECT ANSWER>>flutes What is the fourth step in the 10-Step Consultation Method? - CORRECT ANSWER>>analyze clients hands and fingertips During the massage, you should talk: - CORRECT ANSWER>>only once, to ask if your touch should be more or less firm. What is the correct order of the major layers of the skin, in order from the surface layer to the deepest layer? - CORRECT ANSWER>>epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous The ______ bit is perfect for finishing the underside surface of long curved nails. - CORRECT ANSWER>>football shaped Which of the following attaches the nail bed to the nail plate? - CORRECT ANSWER>>bed epithelium The flow of electricity in a complete electric circuit is called: - CORRECT ANSWER>>an electric current The chemical particles from which all matter is composed are called: - CORRECT ANSWER>>atoms Pomade is made with a combination of: - CORRECT ANSWER>>petroleum, oil, and wax Curing gel enhancements for too little time can result in service breakdown, skin irritation and/or: - CORRECT ANSWER>>skin sensitivity Which of the following is not a quality of a good physical presentation? - CORRECT ANSWER>>soft tone of voice The cells of all living things are composed of: - CORRECT ANSWER>>protoplasm EMA (ethyl methacrylate) - CORRECT ANSWER>>Standard monomer liquid is made from this

Polymerization - CORRECT ANSWER>>Polymer liquid made from special chemical reaction called: Methacrylates - CORRECT ANSWER>>Acrylic enhancement systems belong to this branch of the acrylic family MMA (methyl methacrylate) - CORRECT ANSWER>>Monomer liquid that is not recommended for use on nails Catalysts - CORRECT ANSWER>>Additives designed to speed up chemical reactions Polymerization - CORRECT ANSWER>>Another word for curing or hardening Coarse grit file - CORRECT ANSWER>>100 grit or lower Medium grit file - CORRECT ANSWER>>150-180 grit Fine grit file or buffer - CORRECT ANSWER>>240 grit or higher Shiner - CORRECT ANSWER>>Buffer used to create high shine on natural nail or nail enhancement ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) - CORRECT ANSWER>>Nail tips commonly made from this Acrylic maintenance must be performed every - CORRECT ANSWER>>2-3 weeks Apex (arch) - CORRECT ANSWER>>Area of the nail with the most strength Apex - CORRECT ANSWER>>Usually oval shaped and located in the center of the nail Stress area - CORRECT ANSWER>>Where the natural nail grows beyond the finger and becomes free edge Sidewall - CORRECT ANSWER>>Area on side of nail plate that grows free of natural attachment to nail fold and where extension leaves natural nail Oligomer - CORRECT ANSWER>>Short chain of monomers not long enough to be considered a polymer and often called a prepolymer

Medium (180 grit) - CORRECT ANSWER>>Use this kind of abrasive for natural nail preparation Most common UV bulb on the market - CORRECT ANSWER>>9-watt bulb Nail plate - CORRECT ANSWER>>Hardened keratin plate that sits on top of underlying nail bed Nail bed - CORRECT ANSWER>>Portion of the living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge Bed epithelium - CORRECT ANSWER>>Nail bed is attached to the nail plate by a thin layer of tissue called the: Matrix - CORRECT ANSWER>>Area where the nail plate cells are formed Cuticle - CORRECT ANSWER>>Dead colorless tissue attached to the nail plate Eponychium - CORRECT ANSWER>>Living skin at the base of the nail plate covering the matrix area Hyponychium - CORRECT ANSWER>>Slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the fingertip and free edge of the nail plate Ligament - CORRECT ANSWER>>Tough band of fibrous tissue that attach nail bed and matrix bed to underlying bone Nail folds - CORRECT ANSWER>>Folds of normal skin surrounding the nail plate Nail groove - CORRECT ANSWER>>Furrow on each side of nail Sidewall, also called lateral fold - CORRECT ANSWER>>Fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail Average rate of nail plate growth per month in normal adult - CORRECT ANSWER>>1/10" to 1/8" Complete replacement of the nail plate takes about - CORRECT ANSWER>>4-6 months

Complete replacement of the toenail plate usually takes - CORRECT ANSWER>>9-12 months Normal healthy nail is: - CORRECT ANSWER>>Firm and flexible, shiny and slightly pink (or beige/yellow in some races) Bruised nail beds - CORRECT ANSWER>>Blood clot formed under nail plate, forming dark purplish spot Eggshell nails - CORRECT ANSWER>>Noticeably thin white nail plates much more flexible than normal Beau's lines - CORRECT ANSWER>>Visible depressions running across width of natural nail plate. Usually from major illness or injury that has traumatized the body. Hangnail (agnail) - CORRECT ANSWER>>Condition in which living skin around nail plate splits and tears. Leukonychia spots/white spots - CORRECT ANSWER>>Whitish discoloration found inside nail plate usually caused by injury to nail matrix Melanonychia - CORRECT ANSWER>>Darkening of fingernails or toenails. May be seen as black band within nail plate from base to free edge. Onychophagy - CORRECT ANSWER>>Bitten nails Onychorrhexis - CORRECT ANSWER>>Split or brittle nails that have a series of lengthwise ridges, giving rough appearance to nail plate. Plicatured nail - CORRECT ANSWER>>"Folded nail", highly curved nail plate often caused by injury to matrix. Nail pterygium - CORRECT ANSWER>>When skin is stretched by the nail plate. Usually caused by serious injury such as burns Splinter hemorrhages - CORRECT ANSWER>>Caused by physical trauma or injury to nail bed that damages capillaries and allows small amounts of blood flow.

Pincer or trumpet nail - CORRECT ANSWER>>Free edge of nail pinching sidewalls into a deep curve Fungi - CORRECT ANSWER>>Parasites that under some circumstances may cause infection of the feet and hands Pseudomonas aeruginosa - CORRECT ANSWER>>Naturally occurring skin bacteria that can grow rapidly to cause infection if conditions are correct for growth Typical bacterial infection of the nail - CORRECT ANSWER>>Identified in early stages by yellowgreen spot that becomes darker in advanced stages Onychosis - CORRECT ANSWER>>Any deformity or disease of the nails Onychia - CORRECT ANSWER>>Inflammation of the nail matrix followed by shedding of the natural nail plate Onychocryptosis - CORRECT ANSWER>>Ingrown nails Onycholysis - CORRECT ANSWER>>Lifting of the nail plate from the bed without shedding, usually beginning at free edge Onychomadesis - CORRECT ANSWER>>Separation and falling off of a nail plate from the bed Nail psoriasis - CORRECT ANSWER>>Often causes tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate Paronychia - CORRECT ANSWER>>Bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail. Redness, pus, and swelling often seen in skin folds adjacent to nail plate. Pyogenic granuloma - CORRECT ANSWER>>Severe inflammation of nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from bed to plate Onychomycosis - CORRECT ANSWER>>Fungal infection of nail plate. Nail primer - CORRECT ANSWER>>Substance that improves adhesion The three basic types of primers: - CORRECT ANSWER>>Acid-based, non-acid, acid-free

Overfiling causes: - CORRECT ANSWER>>Excessive thinness of nail, potential for separation of nail plate and bed or breakdown of nail enhancements. Don't do it. Nail professional's first duty - CORRECT ANSWER>>Keeping the natural nail thick strong and healthy Monomers - CORRECT ANSWER>>Individual molecules that join to make polymers Coatings - CORRECT ANSWER>>Products that cover the nail plate with a hardened film Cross-linker - CORRECT ANSWER>>Monomer that joins different polymer chains together Cyanoacrylates - CORRECT ANSWER>>All nail adhesives and wraps are based on this Metal pusher - CORRECT ANSWER>>Designed to gently scrape cuticle tissue from the natural nail plate Nail clippers - CORRECT ANSWER>>Shorten the free edge quickly and efficiently Nail oils - CORRECT ANSWER>>Designed to be absorbed into the nail plate to increase flexibility and into surrounding skin to soften and moisturize Nail creams - CORRECT ANSWER>>Barrier products that seal the surface of the skin around nails and hold in subdermal moisture Cleaning with nail brush - CORRECT ANSWER>>Use downward strokes, starting at first knuckle and brushing toward free edge Fabric wrap - CORRECT ANSWER>>Silk, linen, or fiberglass Wrap resin accelerator (activator) - CORRECT ANSWER>>Dryer that speeds up hardening process of wrap resin or adhesive overlay Stress strip - CORRECT ANSWER>>Strip of fabric cut to 1/8" in length and applied to weak point of nail during 4 week maintenance