Milady's Cosmetology Practice Exams +600 Questions With Verified Answers A+ GRADED, Exams of Cosmetology

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Milady's Cosmetology Practice Exams +6 00 Questions

With Verified Answers A+ GRADED

Bacteria One-celled microorganisms having both plant and animal characteristics some are harmful and some are harmless. Direct Transmission Transmission of blood or body fluids through touching (including shaking hands),kissing,coughing, sneezing, and talking. Indirect transmission Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object, such as a razor, extractor,nipper, or an environmental surface. Infection Invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens. Germs Nonscientific synonym for disease-producing organs Microorganism Any organism of microscopic to submicroscopic size.

Parasites Organisms that grow,feed, and shelter on or in another organism (referred to as the host),while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism. Parasites must have a host to survive. Toxins Various poisonous substance produced by some microorganisms (bacteria and viruses). Virus A parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms. A virus is capable of replication only though taking over the host cell's reproductive function. Cocci Round shaped, alone Staphylococci Clusters like bunches of grapes, may not cause infection in healthy humans. Causes pustules, and boils. Streptococci Pus-forming arranged in curved lines like string of beads. Causes strep throat and blood poisoning.

Diplococci Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs. Causes pneumonia. Bacilli Short rod shaped. Causes tetanus, lockjaw,tuberculosis, and diphtheria.Moves using flagella. Spirilla Spiral or corkscrew shaped bacteria. Causes sexually transmitted disease, and syphilis. Moves using flagella. Active Stage of bacteria Bacteria grow and reproduce in warm, damp or dirty places. Inactive or spore forming stage During this stage bacteria coat themselves with wax like outer shells. This helps them withstand famine, dryness, and unsuitable temperatures. MRSA Occurs with persons with weakened immune systems or people whom have undergone medical procedures. Signs may be pimples, rashes, boils. Quaternary ammonium compounds

Quats are disinfectants that are very effective when used properly in the salon. Formula contains anti- rust ingredients, so leaving tools in solution for a prolonged period of time can cause dulling or damage. (Barbicide) Phenolic Disinfectants Form of formaldehyde, high pH and can damage skin or eyes. Known as carcinogens. Sodium hypochlorite Bleach Porous An item that is made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings. Absorbent. Examples would be; towels, linens, nail files or buffers. Chelating soaps Works to break down stubborn films and remove the residue of pedicure products such as scrubs, salts, and masks. 1 gallon 128 ounces 5 gallons 640 ounces

Antiseptics Chemical formulated for use on the skin registered and formulated by the FDA. Asymptomatic Showing no symptom or signs of infection. Trichology Study of hair, skin, and glands. A mature hair strand is divided into two parts Hair Root and Hair Shaft Hair Root Part of hair located below the surface of the epidermis. Hair bulb lowest part of a hair strand. It is thickened, club-shaped that forms the lower part of the hair root. Lower part of the hair bulb fits over and covers the derma papilla. Hair Shaft Portion of the hair that projects above the epidermis.

Hair Follicle Tube- like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root. Cuticle Outermost layer of the hair. Single overlapping layer of transparent, scale like cells that look like shingles on a roof. Cortex Middle layer of the hair, protein core formed by elongated cells containing melanin pigment. 90 percent of the total weight comes from this. Medulla Innermost layer of hair composed of round cells. Common for very fine and naturally blond hair to lack this. Not involved in salon services. Keratinization Fiberous protein, cells that originate within the hair follicle. COHNS Five elements found in hair and nails Hair is 51%

carbon Hair is 21% oxygen Hair is 6% hydrogen Hair is 17% Nitrogen Hair is 5% Sulfur Amino Acids Units joined together end to end like pop beads. Peptide Bond Known as end bond. Long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds are called Polypeptide chain

Proteins Long coiled complex polypeptide Hydrogen Bond Physical, cross-linked bond that is easily broken by water or heat. Salt bond Weak, physical, cross linked bond between adjacent polypeptide chains. Disulfide Bond Strong chemical, side bond that is very different from the physical bond of a hydrogen bond or salt bond. Broken by thio perms, hydroxide relaxers, extreme heat. Eumelanin Dark brown-black color to hair. Pheomelanin Red and ginger color to hair to yellow and blond tones. Wave Pattern

Refers to hair shape and strand. Described as straight, wavy, curly or extremely curly. Straight Hair round cross section Wavy or curly hair oval to flattened oval cross section Extremely curly hair flattened cross section Vellus Hair Known as Lanugo hair it is short, fine, unpigmented, and downy. Terminal Hair Long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of males and females. Anagen Phase Growth Phase, new hair is produced. Average growth of a healthy scalp is about 1/2(0.5)inch (1.25 cm) per month. Catagen Phase

Brief transition period between the growth and the resting phase of the hair follicle. Telogen Phase Resting Phase, final phase of the hair cycle lasts up to 3-6 months. Hair Texture Thickness in diameter of the individual hair strand. Hair Density Measures the number of individual strands on 1 square inch (2.5 cm) of the scalp. Hair Porosity Ability of the hair to absorb moisture. Hydrophobic A resistance to being penetrated by moisture. Hydrophillic Porous hair that is easily absorbed by moisture. Elasticity Ability of hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking.

Hair Stream hair flowing in the same direction, resulting from follicles sloping in the same direction. Androgenic Alopecia Hair loss that is characterized by miniaturization of terminal hair that is converted into vellus hair. Alopecia Areata Autoimmune disorder that causes affected hair follicles to be mistakenly attacked by a persons own immune system. Hypertrichosis Condition of abnormal hair growth. Ringed hair alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair hair throughout length of the hair strand. Trichoptilosis the technical term for slit ends. Trichorrhexis Nodosa Knotted Hair

Monilethrix Beaded Hair Fragilitas Crinium Brittle Hair Pityriasis Technical term for dandruff Malassezia naturally occurring fungus that is present on all human skin but causes symptoms of dandruff when it grows out of control. Pityriasis captis simplex Classic term for dandruff that is caused by irritation, large flakes,itchy scalp. Pityriasis steotoides dandruff characterized by an accumulation of greasy or waxy scales, mixed with sebum, that stick to scalp like crust. Tinea

technical term for ringworm Tinea favosa dry, sulfur-yellow, cup like crust on the scalp called scatula. Furuncle term for boil, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle. Carbuncle Inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci. Reference points Mark where the surface of the head changes, such as; ears, jawline, occipital bone, or apex. Lines to establish guidelines. Parietal Ridge Widest area of the head, starting at the temples and ending at the bottom of the crown. Found by placing a comb flat on the side of the head. Occipital Bone Bone that protrudes at the base of the skull.

Apex Highest point of the head. Comb will rest on the highest point. Four Corners Located when two combs is placed flat against the side and back, and then locating the back corner at the point where the two combs meet. Line thin continuous mark used as a guide Angle Space between two lines or surfaces Horizontal lines used to create one-length and low elevation haircuts and to add weight. Vertical lines Creates height in hair design. Makes a hairstyle appear longer and narrower as the eye follow the lines up and down. Curved Lines Lines moving in a semi-circular direction, soften a design. Theses lines can be large or small, a full circle, or just part of a circle.

Single Lines One length hairstyles contain this type of line. Best hairstyle for clients who want their hair to be low maintenance. Parallel lines Repeating lines in a hairstyle. Can be straight or curved. The repetition of lines create more interest in the design. Finger waves are an example of this type of line. Contrasting Lines Horizontal and vertical lines that meet at a 90 degree angle. Theses lines create a hard edge. This design is for clients that are able to carry off a strong look. Transitional Lines Curved lines that are used to blend and soften horizontal or vertical lines. Directional lines Lines with a definite forward or backward movement. Form mass or general outline of a hairstyle. 3 dimensional has one length, width and depth. This may be also called volume. Space

The area surrounding the form or the area the hairstyle occupies. Design Texture Wave pattern that must be taken into consideration when designing a style. Dark and cool colors Recede or move in toward the head , creating an illusion of less volume. Light and warmer colors Dimension and depth is created when colors are lighter and warmer alternate with those that are darker and cooler. Proportion Comparative relationship of one thing to another. Ex. A person with a very small chin and very wide forehead might be said to have a head shape that is not in ____. Balance Establishing equal or appropriate proportions to create symmetry. ______ can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical Balance Occurs when an imaginary line is drawn through the center of the face and the two resulting halves form a mirror image of one another.

Asymmetrical Balance Established when two imaginary halves of a hairstyle have an equal visual weight, but are positioned unevenly. Rhythm Regular pulsation or recurrent pattern of movement in a design. Ex. A fast rhythm moves quickly;tight curls. A slow rhythm can be in long waves. Emphasis Known as focus, design that draws the eye first, this can be created by wave pattern, color, change in form, ornamentation. Harmony Creation of unity in a design and is the most important of the art principle. Holds all the elements of the design together. Profile The outline of the face, head,or figure seen in side view. Straight profile Face when viewed in profile is neither convex or concave although even in a straight profile has a very slight curvature.

Convex Profile This type of profile has a receding forehead and the chin. Arrangement of the curls or bangs over the forehead. Keep the style close to the head at the nape and move hair forward in the chin area. Concave Profile This type of profile has a prominent forehead with other features receded inward. Can be accommodated by softly styling the hair at the nape with an upward movement. Do not build onto the forehead. Bang Area Fringe Area, triangular section that begins at the apex, or high point of the head, ends at the front corners. Soft water Rainwater or chemically softened water that contains small amounts of minerals and therefore, allows soap and shampoo to lather freely. Hard water Often in well-water and contains minerals that reduce the ability of soap and shampoo to lather. Deionized water Water that has had impurities, such as calcium and magnesium and other metal ions that make a product unstable, removed. Surfactants

Ingredients in most shampoo, (base detergent). Humectants Substance that absorbs moisture or promote the retention of moisture. Mostly in conditioners. Elevation Known as projection or lifting, angle or degree at which subsection of hair is held. Creates graduation and layers, and usually described in degrees. Part/Parting Line dividing the hair at the scalp, separating one section of hair from another, creating subsections. Cutting Line The angle which the fingers are held when the cutting line that creates the end shape. Guideline Also known as guide, section of hair that determines the length the hair will be cut. Perimeter The outer line, of the haircut. Interior

Inner or internal line of the cut. Stationery guideline Does not move, all other stations are combed to the stationary guideline and cut at the same angle and length. Traveling guideline Movable guideline, moves as haircut progresses. Used when creating a layered or graduated haircut. Over direction Occurs when combing hair away from its natural falling position. Hair line The hair that grows at the outermost perimeter along the face, around ears, and on the neck. Growth pattern Direction in which the hair grows from the scalp. Cast Shears that are made by a process whereby molten steel is poured onto mold. Forged

shears that are made out of working metal to a finished shape by hammering or pressing. Palm to Palm Cutting position used when cutting vertical or diagonal. This method helps maintain control of the subsection. Cutting over the fingers Cutting position used when creating uniform or increasing layers. Cutting below the fingers Cutting position used when creating a blunt haircut or a heavier graduated cut. Graduated Hair Cut Caused by cutting hair with tension, low to medium elevation, most common elevation is 45 degrees. Layered Haircut Caused by cutting hair with elevation and over direction. 90 degrees or above. Long layered haircut Caused by hair that is cut at a 180 degree angle. This technique gives more volume to a hairstyle. Slide cutting

Method of cutting hair in which the fingers and shears glide along the edge of the hair to remove length. Scissor over comb barbering technique that has crossed over to cosmetology. Used to create short tapers and remove length. The process of steam distillation was refined by Avicenna, a ____, around AD 1000. Persian physician What wrapping technique was introduced when women cut their hair into the short-bobbed style after World War 1? Croquignole In 1985, a hairdresser, ____, led by his passion for his craft and environment, revolutionized the beauty industry by inventing the world's first ammonia-free haircolor. Farouk Shami The salon industry depends heavily on its relationships with product distributors, which are referred to as distributor sales consultants What symptom of faulty organization results from scheduling too many tasks at one time and then putting them off to complete at a later date?

Procrastination ____ is the unhealthy compulsion to do things perfectly due to the fear of taking risks and making mistakes. Perfectionism Providing skilled and competent services; being honest, courteous, and sincere, maintaining client confidentiality; participating in continuing education; and distributing accurate information are five actions of ____ behavior. ethical A combination of understanding, empathy, compassion, responsiveness, and acceptance can best be described as sensitivity Professionals who practice active listening and have both non-verbal and verbal skills, are effective at communication Shoes worn by stylists while working in the salon should be comfortable, closed-toe, ____, and provide arch support. low-heeled What term best describes your posture, as well as the way you walk and move? Physical presentation

Effective human relations and ____ skills build lasting client relationships, accelerate professional growth, and promote a positive work environment. communication What is a collection of photos and images of a stylist's work that she or he can use during the consultation to assist a client in making decisions about style and color? Professional portfolio What is the first step in the 10-step consultation method? Review the intake form During which step of the consultation should you ask the client what at-home products she or he uses? Analyze the client's hair When making color recommendations to a client, it is important to ensure that you both are speaking the same language. Using ____ is one way to eliminate confusion and eliminate the possibility of a color mistake. photos In which step of the consultation would you counsel clients on salon maintenance, lifestyle limitations, and home maintenance commitments? Discuss upkeep and maintenance

When communicating with your salon manager, you should be open and honest, have correct information, and never complain about colleagues State regulatory agencies create the rules that determine how laws are applied Which action is best defined as removing all visible dirt and debris from tools, implements, and equipment by washing with soap and water? Cleaning A pimple or an abscess is an example of a local infection Disease-causing microorganisms that are carried in the body by blood or body fluids are called bloodborne pathogens Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes AIDS Which action is an acceptable way to clean tools or instruments? Using a cleaning solvent