Missouri State Inspector Test questions with correct answers, Exams of Traffic Control and Regulation

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Missouri State Inspector Test questions with correct answers Approval certificate - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔The white copy of the written document which is given to the vehicle ownerand which shows that the vehicle meets the inspection requirements Commercial motor vehicle - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔A motor vehicle designedor regularly used for carrying freight andmerchandise or more than eight (8) passengers Decal - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔A gummed decalcomania that is attached to amotorcycle on an exterior location other thanthe windshield when the vehicle meets the inspection requirements Inspector/mechanic - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Any automotive mechanic issued a permit by the superintendent of theMissouri State Highway Patrol to conduct inspections Motorcycle - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔A motor vehicle operated on two (2) wheels Motor tricycle - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔A motor vehicle operated on three (3) wheels, including a motorcycle whileoperated with any conveyance, temporary or otherwise, requiring the use of a thirdwheel. A motortricycle shall not be included in the definition of all-terrain vehicle. Motor vehicle - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Any self-propelled vehicle not operated exclusively upon tracks, except farm tractors Rejection notice - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔A document which is given to the vehicle owner indicating the vehicle does notmeet the inspection requirements Revocation - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔The rescinding of an inspection permit for a period of not less than one (1) year School Bus - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Any motor vehicle used solely to transport students to and from school or to transportstudents to or from any place for educational purposes. School Bus -Type A - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔A Type "A" school bus is a van conversion or bus constructed utilizing a cutawayfront-section vehicle with a left side driver's door. The entrance door is behind thefront wheels. This definition includes two (2) classifications: Type A1, with a GrossVehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) less than or equal to ten thousand pounds (10,000lbs.); and Type A2, with a GVWR of greater than ten thousand pounds (10,000 lbs.) School Bus- Type B - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔A Type "B" school bus is constructed utilizing a stripped chassis. The entrance dooris behind the front wheels. This definition includes two (2) classifications: Type B1,with a GVWR less than or equal to ten thousand pounds (10,000 lbs.); and Type B2,with a GVWR greater than ten thousand pounds (10,000 lbs.). School Bus- Type C - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔A Type "C" school bus is constructed utilizing a chassis with a hood and fenderassembly. The entrance door is behind the front wheels. be written under "Defective Part" in the space provided. In addition, the proper codefor the defective item shall be determined from the code chart printed on the insidecover of the MVI-2 form and the code letter shall be recorded in the space provided.If an item is rejected for which a specific tolerance or measurement is listed, themeasurement shall be recorded on the MVI-2 form. If a load-carrying ball joint is rejected because of movement in excess of prescribedtolerances, the measured movement shall be recorded. It should also be shownwhether the measurement of the rejected ball joint is vertical or horizontalmovement. The vehicle owner must be informed that s/he may repair the defective partshim/herself or have them repaired at any place of his/her choice and s/he shall havethe right to remove the vehicle to a place for needed repairs. The inspector/mechanicshall sign the MVI-2 form in the space provided. Page 11 Before any repairs are made by the inspection station, the vehicle owner shall beprovided with a written estimate of the total cost of the repairs and the vehicleowner must authorize the station to make the repairs by signing the repairauthorization in the space provided on the MVI-2 form. If the vehicle is removed from the inspection station for needed repairs, the secondsheet of the MVI-2 form (yellow copy) shall be given to the vehicle owner as arejection notice. The first sheet (white copy) and the third sheet (pink copy) will befiled with the station's yellow copies which are filed by consecutive control number. When a vehicle is returned for reinspection after repairs are made, the owner should present his/her rejection Brake- Decelerometer Test - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Mount and level decelerometer on vehicle. At a speed of five totwenty miles per hour (5-20 mph) apply service brake firmly. Observedecelerometer reading. Reject Vehicle if: The vehicle is unable to develop deceleration equal to or greater than that listed forits classification as prescribed in Table I. Brake- Drive and Stop Test - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔The inspector/mechanicshall operate the vehicle at a speed of five totwenty (5—20) mph and apply the service brakes firmly. Reject Vehicle if: The vehicle's brakes fail to function or if the vehicle pulls significantly to eitherside. Brake Testing Machine - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Drive vehicle onto brake testing machine. Apply brakes firmly at aspeed from four to eight (4-8) mph without wheel lock-up. If a computerized brake testingmachine is utilized, a copy of the results will be provided to the vehicle owner. Reject Vehicle if:The vehicle is not capable of developing evaluated braking force equal to or greater thanthat shown for its classification as prescribed in Table I. At least three (3) tests shouldbe made before a vehicle is rejected Any wheel fails to indicate braking action The reading on any one (1) wheel is less than seventy-five percent (75%) of the readingon the other wheel on the same axle The braking force of both wheels on one (1) axle is more than seventy-five percent(75%) of the total force of all the wheels. Brake- Dynamometer Test - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Test in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions Brake- Hydraulic System: Pedal Reserve - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔With the vehicle stopped, apply moderate foot force on the brake pedal forat least one (1) minute and observe if the pedal moves slowly toward toe board. Reject Vehicle if:Brake pedal moves slowly toward the toe board, indicating fluid leakage, while pedalpressure is maintained for one (1) minute Less than one-fifth (1/5) of the total available pedal travel remains Less than two-fifths (2/5) of total available pedal travel remains on a school bus The brake warning device or light comes on when the brake pedal is depressed. Donot inspect the anti-lock braking system warning device or light Brake- Hydraulic System: Power Reserve - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Determine if system is operating by first stopping engine, then depressbrake pedal several times to destroy all vacuum in system. Depress pedal with a moderatefoot force. While maintaining this force on the pedal, start engine and observe if pedal fallsslightly when engine starts. Hydroboost system must have accumulator pressure for two (2)complete brake applications and should have return pressure against foot. If vehicle is wheel removed to inspect for contamination. Wheels on four (4)-wheel drive vehicles equippedexclusively with drum-type brakes are not required to be removed. Inspect drums, discs, calipers, linings, pads, wheel cylinders hoses, lines and other internal brake components Reject vehicle if:There are substantial cracks on the friction surface extending to open edge of drumor to the edge of a disc A brake drum or disc has external cracks Friction surface of disc brake pads, rotor, brake linings or brake drum iscontaminated with oil, grease or brake fluid A brake lining is worn into the friction surface of the brake drum where the brakedrum cannot be removed after loosening the adjusting screw (backing off of theself-adjusting mechanism) Thinnest point of bonded lining is less than one-thirty-second inch (1/32") Rivets are loose or missing or Vehicles With a Vacuum Brake System - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔On vehicles equipped with a vacuum brake system, the engine should be allowed to run forone (1) minute to build vacuum. Inspect system for collapsed, broken, badly chafedandimproperly supported hoses, tubes and loose or broken hose clamps. Depress brake pedalwith moderate foot force. While maintaining this force on the pedal, start engine andobserve if pedal falls slightly when engine starts. Build full vacuum, then shut off engineand make as many full brake applications as possible. On vehicles with low vacuumindicators, build full vacuum. Shut off engine and reduce vacuum by making a series of moderate brake applications. A flashing or buzzing signal should function when vacuumreaches eight inches (8") mercury. Reject Vehicle if:Hoses or tubes are collapsed, leaking, broken, badly chafed, improperly supportedor loose because of broken clamps Service brake pedal does not fall slightly as engine is started while pressure ismaintained on pedal Vacuum reserve is insufficient to make one (1) full application after engine shutoff Indicator fails to function when system is reduced to eight inches (8") mercury. Vehicles With an Air Brake System - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔The following will apply to all motor vehicles equipped by the manufacturer with an airbrake system. Open all drain cocks in system until pressure gauge reads zero (0). Closedrain cocks and run engine at fast idle. Record time to raise air pressure from fifty to ninetypounds per square inch (50-90 psi) on gauge. Observe gauge pressure at which light orbuzzer on low pressure indicator goes out or off. Continue running engine and observegauge pressure when governor cuts out. With engine idling, make a series of brakeapplications and observe gauge pressure when governor cuts in. With fully chargedsystem,stop engine and record pressure drop in psi per minute with brakes fully applied. Withfully charged system, stop engine and record pressure drop in psi per minute with brakesreleased. Make a series of brake applications until low pressure warning signal operates.With fully charged system, stop engine and make one (1) full brake application. Measure drop in reservoir pressure.Inspect all air hoses and connections. Inspect lines for contact with frame, axles or exhaustsystem. Inspect for leaks that may be heard from valves, diaphragms and piston cups.Inspect air safety valve. Inspect condition of compressor drive belts. Reject Vehicle if:Time required to build pressure from fifty to ninety (50-90) psi at fast idle is morethan five (5) minutes Low pressure warning fails to function when pressure is lowered to between fifty toseventy (50-70) psi Governor cut-out pressure is higher than one hundred twenty-five (125) psi Governor cut-in pressure is lower than eighty (80) psi Leakage in psi per minute exceeds three (3) psi for single vehicles and four (4) psiforcombination of two (2) vehicles with brakes applied Leakage in psi per minute exceeds two (2) psi for single vehicles and three (3) psi forcombin Air Brakes Adjustment - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔On vehicles equipped with cam brakes, mark each brake chamber push rod at theface of the brake chamber with the brakes released. Apply the air brakes fully,minimum air pressure eighty-five (85) psi, and measure the distance the push rodtravels from the face of the chamber to the mark previously made when the brakeswere released. This measurement is the push-rod stroke Reject Vehicle if:Push-rod travel exceeds the maximum stroke Beam Indicator - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Every motor vehicle equipped with multiple beam headlights shall be equippedwith a beam indicator which shall be lighted only when the high beam is in use. Taillights - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔All motor vehicles, except motorcycles, shall be equipped with at least two (2)taillights, mounted on the rear of the vehicle at the same level with at least one (1) on each side, notless than fifteen inches (15") or more than seventy-two inches (72") above the ground. These lightsshall exhibit a plainly visible red light. Reflectors - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Every 1966 and later model vehicle, except a motorcycle, must be equipped with two(2) red reflectors. A reflector may be in combination with the taillight and must be mounted on therear, one (1) on each side, at a height not to exceed sixty inches (60") nor less thanfifteen inches(15") above the surface upon which the vehicle stands.Inspect Vehicles for Proper Lighting Equipment. Do not inspect side marker lights, parkinglights, four (4)-way flashers, backup lights, interior lights, license plate light or clearancelights. Reject Vehicle if:Not equipped with the required lights or reflector A light or reflector is obstructed A required light fails to function properly A light, reflector or electrical switch is not securely mounted A light or reflector shows color contrary to law Wiring or electrical connectors are defective A lens is missing, incorrectly installed, repaired with tape or broken to the extentthat moisture or contamination could enter the reflective area or light socket High beam indicator does not function properly Physical damage is present that would obviously cause a headlight beam to be eitherabove or below horizontal or to the left or right of vertical A taillight or reflector is not mounted in the prescribed area Turn Signals - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Turn signals installed by the manufacturer or their equivalent in number, size, andintensity shall be in operating condition. The front signal lights may be white or amber and may bein combination with the parking lights. The rear signal lights may be red or amber, except when incombination with a taillight the lens must be red. Stoplights - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Stoplights installed by the manufacturer or their equivalent in number, size, andintensity shall be in operating condition. Stoplights may be red or amber, except when incombination with the taillight the stoplight must be red. Stoplights must operate when the servicebrake is applied. Every vehicle manufactured after January 1, 1954, must be equipped with mechanical or electricalturn signals and a stoplight if the distance from the center of the top of the steering post to the-- Left outside limit of the body, cab or load exceeds twenty-four inches (24");and Rear limit of the body or load exceeds fourteen feet (14'). The limit offourteen feet (14') shall apply to both single and vehicle combinations.Inspect Vehicle for Proper Signaling Devices. The headlights must be on with the engine running, when inspecting the operation of the signaling devices and stoplights. Move turnsignal lever up and down and observe function of turn signal lights. Reject Vehicle If: Not equipped with the required signaling devices A signaling device is obstructed A required signaling device fails to function properly. Do not reject if turn signalfails to self-cancel or will function properly by manually holding the lever in theengaged position A signaling device or electrical switch is not securely mounted A light shows color contrary to law Wiring or electrical connectors are defective A lens is missing, incorrectly installed, repaired with tape or broken to the extentthat moisture or contamination could enter the reflective area or light socket. Steering Wheel Play - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔An inspection for steering wheel play will consist of checking steering sector for looseness andbinding condition. If vehicle is equipped with power steering, the engine must be running and thefluid level and belt tension must be adequate before testing. Turn steering wheel through a fullright and left turn. If equipped, inspect energy absorbing steering column. Reject Vehicle if:Steering gear binds or jams other than at wheel stops There is more than two inches (2") of free movement in steering wheels up to andincluding eighteen inches (18") in diameter or more than three inches (3") in steeringwheels over eighteen inches (18") in diameter Power steering belt slips, is frayed, if serpentine power steering belt has sections Ball Joints - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔An inspection for ball joint wear can onlybe made when the joints are unloaded, except those balljoints having a wear indicator. An inspection of a ball joint which has a wear indicator must bemade while the ball joint is under load with the weight of the vehicle on its wheels. To unload balljoints, the vehicle must be hoisted: Under lower control arm if spring or torsion bar is on lower control arm. The lower balljoint is the load-carrying ball joint and the upper ball joint is the nonload-carrying balljoint. Under frame if spring or torsion bar is on upper control arm. The upper ball joint is theload-carrying ball joint and the lower ball joint is the nonload-carrying ball joint.Page 27In checking the condition of an unloaded ball joint, a ball joint gauge need not be used if theinspector is absolutely certain that the ball joint movement does not exceed the prescribedtolerances. A vehicle will not be rejected unless the vertical (up and down) or horizontal (side-toside)movement in the load-carrying ball joint has been accurately measured by a ball joint gaugeand the measurement exceeds the prescribed tolerances. A vehicle requiring a special tool ormethod to measure ball joint movement will not be rejected unless the ball joint is obviouslydangerous. Inspector/mechanics will either contact the Motor Vehicle Inspection Division at thenearest troop headquarters or visit the Missouri State Highway Patrol website to obtain manufacturer's specifications on ball joints. If the ball joint movement exceeds the prescribedtolerances, the measured movement shall be listed with the defective part on the MVI-2 form (see11 CSR 50-2.120).Unless a dial indicator or a gauge of the type which screws into a grease fitting is used, it isrecommended that the most accurate method of determining vertical (up and down Horn - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Every motor vehicle shall be equipped with a horn directed forward, or whistle in good workingorder, capable of emitting a sound adequate in quantity and volume to give warning of theapproach of the vehicle to other users of the highway and to pedestrians Reject Vehicle if:Vehicle is not equipped with a horn Horn is not audible under normal conditions Horn button or switch is not firmly mounted providing a good ground, or if horn isactuated by grounding two (2) naked wires or a similar method Horn button or switch is not readily accessible from driver's position. Mirrors - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔All motor vehicles which are so constructedor loaded that the operator cannot see the road behindby looking back or around the side of the vehicle shall be equipped with either an inside or outsidemirror, or both, that will reveal the road behind.All motor vehicles which were equipped by the manufacturer with an inside mirror and all 1968and later model vehicles manufactured with both an inside and a driver's side outside mirror, shallbe equipped in like manner. Do not inspect passenger side outside mirrors. Reject Vehicle if:Forward vision is unsafely obstructed by mirror assembly Mirror does not provide a clear view of highway to rear because of cracks,discoloration or improper mounting Mirror is broken or has sharp edges exposed Mirror is very difficult to adjust or will not maintain a set adjustment There is no required mirror Windshield Wipers - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔All front windshield wipers as equipped by the manufacturer shall be in operating condition.Inspect for operation, damaged or torn rubber blades, and for proper contact of blades withwindshield. Raise wiper arm slightly away from windshield and release. Reject Vehicle if:Windshield wipers fail to function Rubber wiping element is damaged or torn Part of blades or arms are missing or are severely damaged The blades fail to contact the windshield firmly. Tires - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Inspect all tires except the spare tire for treadwear, knots, cuts, separations, mismatching of tiretypes and for tire markings such as "reject" or "for non-highway use." Reject Vehicle if:A tire is worn at any location other than the wear indicator to the point where thereis no tread configuration mounted on a motor vehicle and which is equipped with permanent cooking, heatingand sleeping facilities A commercial vehicle has a tailpipe extending beneath the cargo area that leaks orisimproperly supported Glazing (Glass) - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔All 1936 and later model motor vehicles which were originally equipped with glass must haveapproved safety glass in all doors, windows and windshields.Automotive safety glass is marked with the manufacturer's trademark and the words "AmericanStandard" or the letters "AS" followed by a number indicating the position in whichthe glass maybe used. Safety glass bearing the following identification may be used in the designated locations: Page 31 AS1 anywhere in a motor vehicle AS2 anywhere except windshields AS3 or AS4 anywhere on school buses except windshields and side windowsto immediate right and left of driver location AS3 and above is permitted at certain other specified locations, such as rearwindows of trucks and convertibles Types of Damage or Defect - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Outright breakage: Glass that is severely cracked, shattered or broken to expose sharpedges or missing pieces Distortion: A manufacturing defect or other defect that causes a distorted view Star break: Vented breaks with cracks radiating from point of impact Bull's-eye and half moon: Nonvented circular or half-circular chips not dislodged fromglass Stone nicks or chips: Small chips dislodged from the glassInspect glazing. The driver's vision area is that area within the normal swipe of the wiper bladesabove a line measured four inches (4") from the bottom of the windshield. In addition, inspectoperation of window at driver's left. Reject Vehicle if:Required glazing is not present or improper glazing materials are used Window at driver's left cannot be readily opened to permit arm signals. (Do notreject if the vehicle is equipped with properly operating turn signals and stoplight) After-market vision reducing material or other conditions that obscure the driver'svision is on the windshield The windshield has any distortion, or cracks exceeding three inches (3") in length,within the driver's vision area The windshield has any unrepaired star breaks, bull's-eyes, half moons, stone nicksor stone chips within the driver's vision area, or has any star breaks, bull's-eyes, halfmoons, stone nicks or stone chips more than two inches (2") in diameter at any areaoutside the driver's vision area Outright breakage, missing pieces or any break exposing sharp edges is present atany location Crankcase Ventilation - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔The ventilation system of the crankcase is commonly known as the positive crankcase ventilation(PCV) system. The engine should be warm and running at idle during inspection of the ventsystem.Inspect plumbing connections for tightness and proper routing. Disconnect PCV valve from engine. Shake briskly and listen for a rattling sound. Place finger or thumb over end of valve and feel forvacuum suction. Reject Vehicle if:Plumbing is loose, broken, leaking or improperly routed No vacuum suction is present or valve does not rattle when shaken Any part of the system is missing or disconnected. Air Injection System - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔The air injection system provides air to the exhaust manifold or catalytic converter. The systemmay or may not be equipped with an external air pump.With engine stopped, inspect tension of air pump drive belt. Inspect hose connections at air pump,anti-backfire valve, check valves and air distribution manifolds. Reject Vehicle if:Belt slips or is frayed, if serpentine air pump belt has sections missing, ifconnections are loose, broken or leaking Any part of the injection system is missing or disconnected. Engine Modification Type - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔An engine modification control system may be most easily identified as one without an air pump.With engine stopped, inspect ignition wiring and vacuum hose connections. Reject Vehicle if:Wires or connections are loose, broken or leaking Any part of system is missing Thermostatic Air Cleaner - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔The thermostatic air cleaner provides heated air to the carburetor during cold-engine operation. tube cap. Reject Vehicle if:There is fuel leakage at any location Fuel tank is not securely attached Filler tube cap is missing or does not fit Mud Flaps - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Trucks without rear fenders, which are intended to be registered for over twenty-four thousandpounds (24,000 lbs.) must be equipped with mud flaps for the rear wheels. Mud flaps must be wideenough to cover the full tread width of the tires. Mud flaps must be installed so that they extendfrom the underside of the vehicle body in a vertical plane behind the wheels to within eight inches(8") of the ground, they must be sufficiently rigid to provide adequate protection when the vehicleis in motion.Fenders installed by the manufacturer on all pickup trucks and other small trucks will berecognized. Curved fender wells, such as those on gasoline delivery trucks, van-type trucks and anyother truck with a fender design that provides reasonable protection to the rear of the vehicle, willbe exempt. Reject Vehicle if:Not equipped with required mud flaps Flap is not wide enough to cover the full tread width of the tire(s) Flap is not in a vertical plane extending to within eight inches (8") of the ground. Seat Belts - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Every four (4)-wheel passenger car, other than buses, manufactured after June 30, 1964, anddesignated as a 1965 or later model shall be equipped with at least two (2) sets of seat belts for thefront seat of the vehicle. Pickup trucks manufactured on or after July 1, 1971, shall be equippedwith at least two (2) sets of seat belts in the forward-most seating area of those vehicles. Theinspector/mechanic must latch both sets of seat belts.A seat belt is any strap, webbing or similar device including all necessary buckles, fasteners,motors, tracks and all hardware designed for installing that seat belt in a motor vehicle by themanufacturer or its equivalent. Seat belts are classified as: Type 1 seat belt assembly is a lap belt for pelvic restraint Type 2 seat belt assembly is a combination of pelvic and upper-torso restraintPage 36 Type 2a shoulder belt is an upper-torso restraint for use in conjunction with a lapbelt as a type 2 seat belt assembly. Some type 2a shoulder belts are motorizedInspect Seat Belts. Do not reject vehicles that are equipped by the manufacturer with passiverestraints consisting of only a shoulder belt without a lap belt. Reject Vehicle if:Not equipped, if required, with two (2) sets of seat belts in front seat equivalent tothose installed by the manufacturer Front seat is covered so as to prohibit the use of required belts A belt, buckle, bracket or motor is inoperative which prohibits designed function Belt webbing is frayed, split or torn Bumper - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔A device of at least four and one-half inches (4 1/2") in vertical height constructed of metal, wood or other durable material capable of absorbing shock and mounted on thefront or rear of a motor vehicle. Each bumper must be made of a strength equal to a stockbumper. Drop Bumper - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔A bumper as which may be mounted not more than three inches (3") belowthe original manufacturer's mounting with heavy metal by bolting or welding to themotorvehicle frame. Nonstock Bumper - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔A bumper that is designed by other than a motor vehicle manufacturer. Stock Bumper - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔A bumper designed by a motor vehicle manufacturer, or an equivalentreplacement. Bumper Requirements - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔The bumper shall be horizontally mounted on the vehicle centerline by bolting or welding to thevehicle frame as originally installed by the motor vehicle manufacturer. The bumper must extend inwidth to the originally manufactured tread width for the motor vehicle. Measurement - ** VERIFIED ANSWERS **✔✔Measurements shall be taken with the motor vehicle in an unloaded condition on alevel surface with the tires inflated to the manufacturer's specifications. Measurements shall betaken from the surface on which the vehicle stands to the highest point of the bottom of the bumper(excluding any bumper attachments). If the vehicle is equipped with a nonstock-type bumper the